Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dzt6s Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-01-03T17:40:25.216Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effect of water stress on potato growth, yield and water use in a hot and a cool tropical climate

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

I. Trebejo  and
D. J. Midmore
I. Trebejo
Affiliation:
International Potato Centre, PO Box 5969, Lima, Peru
D. J. Midmore
Affiliation:
International Potato Centre, PO Box 5969, Lima, Peru
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Irrigation experiments are described in which three cultivars were subjected to varying degrees of drought in the cool and hot seasons in Lima, Peru. The most severely draughted plots received, on average, 20% and 35% less water than the well-watered control plots, resulting in 20% and 52% yield reduction in the cool and hot seasons, respectively. Average fresh tuber yields ranged, according to cultivar, from 1370 to 2450 g/m2 in the summer and from 2800 to 4450 g/m2 in the winter, with tuber dry-matter percentages of c. 17% and 20%, respectively. The production of total dry matter per unit intercepted solar radiation (the conversion coefficient, estimated from the slope of the regression, in g/MJ) was markedly less during the hot season but, regressed on a photo thermal quotient ∑((MJ/m2)/(°C > 4·5°C)), a common relationship across seasons was achieved. The conversion coefficient was less in draughted than in well-watered plots, more so in the hot season.

Crop transpirational and evapotranspirational water use efficiencies (WUE) were less in the hot season largely because of the greater saturation vapour-pressure deficit. However, because of greater harvest index (HI) and more-efficient interception of solar radiation per unit of applied water by draughted than by well-watered plots in the summer, and despite a lower conversion coefficient, draughted plots showed greater WUE. Based on total water applied and final fresh tuber yields, WUE was, on average, 3·9 and 12·4 kg/m3 in the hot and cool seasons, respectively, values close to the extremes of the range of published values. Low HI in the summer was, to some extent, responsible for this seasonal difference.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 114 , Issue 3 , June 1990 , pp. 321 - 334
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1990

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Burstall, L. & Harris, P. M. (1983). The estimation of percentage light interception from leaf area index and percentage ground cover in potatoes. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 100, 241–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cooper, P. J. M. & Gregory, P. J. (1987). Soil water management in the rain-fed farming systems of the Mediterranean region. Soil Use and Management 3, 57–62.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Day, W., Lawlor, D. W. & Day, A. T. (1987). The effect of drought on barley yield and water use in two contrasting years. Irrigation Science, 8, 115–130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Doorenbos, J. & Kassam, A. H. (1979). Yield response to water. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper No. 33. pp. 194. Rome: FAO.Google Scholar
Fischer, R. A. (1979). Growth and water limitations to dryland wheat yield in Australia: a physiological framework. Journal of the Australian Institute for Agricultural Science 45, 83–94.Google Scholar
French, B. K. & Legg, B. J. (1979). Rothamsted irrigation 1964–76. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 92, 15–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanks, R. J., Keller, J., Rasmussen, V. P. & Wilson, G. D. (1976). Line source sprinkler for continuous variable irrigation-crop production studies. Soil Science Society of America Journal 40, 426–429.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hanks, R. J., Sisson, D. V., Hurst, R. L. & Hubbard, K. G. (1980). Statistical analysis of results from irrigation experiments using the line-source sprinkler system. Soil Science Society of America Journal 44, 886–888.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Legg, B. J., Day, W., Lawlor, D. W. & Parkinson, K. J. (1979). The effects of drought on barley growth: models and measurements showing the relative importance of leaf area and photosynthetic rates. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 92, 703–716.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lomas, J., Schlesinger, E., Zilka, M. & Israeli, A. (1972). The relationship of potato leaf temperatures to air temperatures as affected by overhead irrigation, soil moisture and weather. Journal of Applied Ecology 9, 107–119.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Loon, C. D-. van (1981). The effect of water stress on potato growth, development and yield. American Potato Journal 58, 51–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McIntosh, M. S. (1983). Analysis of combined experiments. Agronomy Journal, 75 153–155.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Midmore, D. J. (1984). The potato (Solatium spp.) in the hot tropics. I. Soil temperature effects on emergence, plant development and yield. Field Crops Research 8, 255–271.Google Scholar
Midmore, D. J. (1988 a). Intercropping potato (Solanum spp.) with maize in warm climates. In Proceedings of the 7th Symposium of the International Society for Tropical Root Crops, Institut National de Recherche Agricole, Guadeloupe, July 1985, pp. 837–851.Google Scholar
Midmore, D. J. (1988 b). Potato (Solanum spp.) in the hot tropics. VI. Plant population effect on soil temperature, plant development and tuber yield. Field Crops Research 19, 183–200.Google Scholar
Midmore, D. J. & Rhoades, R. E. (1987). Applications of agrometeorology to the production of potato in the warm tropics. In Agrometeorology of the Potato (Ed. Stigter, C. J.). Acta Horticulturae 215, 103–136.Google Scholar
Midmore, D. J., Cartwright, P. M. & Fischer, R. A. (1984). Wheat in tropical environments. II. Crop growth and grain yield. Field Crops Research 8, 207–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Midmore, D. J., Berrios, D. & Roca, R. (1986). The potato (Solanum spp.) in the hot tropics. II. Soil temperature and moisture modification by mulch in contrasting environments. Field Crops Research 15, 97–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monteith, J. L. (1977). Climate and the efficiency of crop production in Britain. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 281, 277–294.Google Scholar
O'Mara, M. K. (1987). Selection of early maturing barley with improved response to drought stress. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, 835–845.Google Scholar
Ontaneda, M., Flor, J. & Calvache, M. (1986). Calculo de la lamina de agua en riego por surcos en la hacienda la Tola-Tumbaco. Rumipamba (Ecuador) 3, 81–93.Google Scholar
Parkinson, K. J. & Day, W. (1983). The influence of water stress on photosynthesis in a barley crop. In Effects of Stress on Photosynthesis (Eds Marcelle, R., Clijsters, H. & van Poacke, M.), pp. 65–74. The Hague: Nijhoff/Junk.Google Scholar
Rab, M. A. & Willatt, S. T. (1987). Water use by irrigated potatoes on a duplex soil. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 27, 165–172.Google Scholar
Rijkema, P. E. & Endrodi, G. (1970). Calculation of production of potatoes. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 18, 26–36.Google Scholar
Russell, E. W. (1973). Soil conditions and Plant Growth, 10th edn.London: Longman.Google Scholar
Sale, P. J. M. (1974). Productivity of vegetable crops in a region of high solar input. III. Carbon balance of potato crops. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology I, 283–296.Google Scholar
Shalhevet, J., Shimshi, D. & Meir, T. (1983). Potato irrigation requirements in a hot climate using sprinkler and drip methods. Agronomy Journal 75, 13–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sinclair, T. R., Tanner, C. B. & Bennett, J. M. (1984). Water-use efficiency in crop production. BioScience 34, 36–40.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tanner, C. B. (1981). Transpiration efficiency of potato. Agronomy Journal 73, 59–64.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trebejo, I. (1987). Study on the influence of water and light use in the potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) crop, (in Spanish). Thesis, Universidad Nacional Agraria, Lima.Google Scholar
Zaag, P. vander, Demagante, A., Acasio, R., Domingo, A. & Hagerman, H. (1986). Response ofSolanum potatoes to mulching during different seasons in an isohyperthermic environment in the Philippines. Tropical Agriculture 63, 229–239.Google Scholar
Zaag, P. vander & Demagante, A. (1985). Water requirements as influenced by irrigation system and mulch for potato (Solanum spp.) grown in an isohyperthermic environment in the Philippines. Philippine Agriculturalist 68, 571–583.Google Scholar
Versteeg, M. N. (1985). Factors affecting the productivity of irrigated crops in Southern Peru in relation to prediction by simulation models. PhD thesis, Wageningen.Google Scholar
Vos, J. & Oyarzun, P. J. (1987). Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance of potato leaves – effects of leaf age, irradiance, and leaf water potential. Photosynthesis Research 11, 253–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed