Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T02:10:59.506Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The effect of sucrose supplementation on kinetics of nitrogen, ruminal propionate and plasma glucose in sheep

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

M. Sutoh
Affiliation:
National Institute of Animal Industry, Tsukuba Norindanchi, PO Box 5, Ibaraki 305, Japan
Y. Obara
Affiliation:
National Institute of Animal Industry, Tsukuba Norindanchi, PO Box 5, Ibaraki 305, Japan
S. Miyamoto
Affiliation:
National Institute of Animal Industry, Tsukuba Norindanchi, PO Box 5, Ibaraki 305, Japan

Summary

The effects of dietary sucrose on the metabolic rate of plasma glucose and ruminal propionate as well as the change in nitrogen kinetics were examined in four mature wethers fitted with rumen fistulas in Tsukuba, Japan in 1990. Wethers were fed at 12 equal intervals daily on crushed lucerne hay cubes (1233 g DM/day), with or without 204 g/day of sucrose. Plasma urea and glucose kinetics were determined following a single intravenous injection of [I5N]urea and [U-13C]glucose respectively; and the kinetics of ruminal ammonia and propionate were determined following a single intraruminal injection of [15N]ammonium chloride and [2–13c]sodium propionate respectively. Following supplementation of sucrose to the diet, nitrogen retention was increased (P < 0·05) with a decrease in plasma urea concentration (P < 0·05) and urinary urea excretion (P < 0·05). Sucrose supplementation decreased (P < 005) the concentration and irreversible loss rate of ruminal ammonia. Urinary allantoin excretion did not change with sucrose treatment, but the flow rate of non-ammonia-nitrogen from the rumen was increased P < 0·05). The transfer rate of ruminal ammonia to plasma urea was also decreased (P < 0·01), whilst the transfer rate of plasma urea to ruminal ammonia was increased (P < 0·05) by dietary sucrose. Sucrose supplementation resulted in a higher concentration of propionate and butyrate (P < 0·05) in the rumen with no significant change in acetate or pH. The concentration of plasma glucose did not change with sucrose treatment, but the concentration of insulin, pool size (P < 0·05) and the irreversible loss rate of glucose (P < 0·01) were increased, reflecting the increase in the production rate of ruminal propionate (P < 0·05). It was concluded that the supplementation of sucrose affected the metabolism of urea and glucose in plasma via a change in ruminal production rate of ammonia and propionate, respectively.

Type
Animals
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Abe, A., Horii, S. & Kameoka, K. (1979). Application of enzymatic analysis with glucoamylase, pronase and cellulase to various feeds for cattle. Journal of Animal Science 48, 14831490.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Association of Official Analytical Chemists (1980). Official Methods of Analysis, 13th Edn. Washington, DC: AOAC.Google Scholar
Annison, E. F. (1954). Some observations on volatile fatty acids in the sheep's rumen. Biochemical Journal 57, 400405.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bergman, E. N., Roe, W. E. & Kon, K. (1966). Quantitative aspects of propionate metabolism and gluconeogenesis in sheep. American Journal of Physiology 211, 793799.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brockman, R. P. (1990). Effect of insulin on the utilization of propionate in gluconeogenesis in sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 64, 95101.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brockman, R. P. (1993). Glucose and short-chain fatty acid metabolism. In Quantitative Aspects of Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism (Eds Forbes, J. M. & France, J.), pp. 249266. Wallingford: CAB International.Google Scholar
Chen, X. B., Hovell, F. D. Deb, Ørskov, E. R. & Brown, D. S. (1990). Excretion ofpurine derivatives by ruminants: effect of exogeneous nucleic acid supply on purine derivative excretion by sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 63, 131142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cocimano, M. R. & Leng, R. A. (1967). Metabolism of urea in sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 21, 353371.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dellow, D. W., Obara, Y., Kelly, K. E. & Sinclair, B. R. (1988). Improving the efficiency of utilisation of pasture protein by sheep. Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production 48, 253255.Google Scholar
Downes, A. M. &McDonald, I. W.(1964).Thechromium-51 complex of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid as a soluble rumen marker. British Journal of Nutrition 18, 153162.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Engelhardt, W. v., Hinderer, S. & Wipper, E. (1978). Factors affecting the endogeneous urea-N secretion and utilization in the gastro-intestinal tract. In Ruminant Digestion and Feed Evaluation (Eds Osbourn, D. F., Beever, D. E. & Thomson, D. J.), pp. 4.1–1.12. London: Agricultural Research Council.Google Scholar
Guerino, F., Huntington, G. B. & Erdman, R. A. (1991). The net portal and hepatic flux of metabolites and oxygen consumption in growing beef steers given postruminal casein. Journal of Animal Science 69, 387395.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hutton, K., Bailey, F. J. & Annison, E. F. (1971). Measurement of the bacterial nitrogen entering the duodenum of the ruminant using diaminopimelic acid as a marker. British Journal of Nutrition 25, 165173.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Judson, G. J. & Leng, R. A. (1973). Studies on the control of gluconeogenesis in sheep: effect of propionate, casein and butyrate infusions. British Journal of Nutrition 29, 175195.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kennedy, P. M. (1980). The effects of dietary sucrose and the concentrations of plasma urea and rumen ammonia on the degradation of urea in the gastrointestinal tract of cattle. British Journal of Nutrition 43, 125140.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kennedy, P. M., Clarke, R. T. & Milligan, L. P. (1981). Influences of dietary sucrose and urea on transfer of endogeneous urea to the rumen of sheep and numbers of epithelial bacteria. British Journal of Nutrition 46, 533541.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mills, S. E., Armentano, L. E., Russell, R. W. & Young, J. W. (1981). Rapid and specific isolation of radioactive glucose from biological samples. Journal of Dairy Science 64, 17191723.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nolan, J. V., Norton, B. W. & Leng, R. A. (1976). Further studies of the dynamics of nitrogen metabolism in sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 35, 127147.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Norton, B. W., Mackintosh, J. B. & Armstrong, D. G. (1982 a). Urea synthesis and degradation in sheep given pelleted-grass diets containing flaked barley. British Journal of Nutrition 48, 249264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Norton, B. W., Janes, A. N. & Armstrong, D. G. (1982 b). The effects of intraruminal infusions of sodium bicarbonate, ammonium chloride and sodium butyrate on urea metabolism in sheep. British Journal of Nutrition 48, 265274.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Obara, Y. & Dellow, D. W. (1993). Effects of intraruminal infusions of urea, sucrose or urea plus sucrose on plasma urea and glucose kinetics in sheep fed chopped lucerne hay. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 121, 125130.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Obara, Y. & Shimrayashi, K. (1988). Quantitative aspects of appearance of recycled urea in digestive tract of goat. Japanese Agriculture Research Quarterly 21, 284290.Google Scholar
Obara, Y., Dellow, D. W. & Nolan, J. V. (1990). The influence of energy-rich supplements on nitrogen kinetics in ruminants. In Physiological Aspects of Digestion and Metabolism in Ruminants (Eds Tsuda, T., Sasaki, Y. & Kawashima, R.), pp. 515539. San Diego: Academic Press.Google Scholar
Obara, Y., Fuse, H., Terada, F., Shibata, M., Kawabata, A., Sutoh, M., Hodate, K. & Matsumoto, M. (1994). Influence of sucrose supplementation on nitrogen kinetics and energy metabolism in sheep fed with lucerne hay cubes. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 123, 121127.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rapp, R. D. (1963). Determination of serum ammo acids. Clinical Chemistry 9, 2730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rooke, J. A., Lee, N. H.. & Armstrong, D. G. (1987). The effects of intraruminal infusions of urea, casein, glucose syrup and a mixture of casein and glucose syrup on nitrogen digestion in the rumen of cattle receiving grasssilage diets. British Journal of Nutrition 57, 8998.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seal, C. J. & Parker, D. S. (1994). Effect of intraruminal propionic acid infusion on metabolism of mesenteric- and portal-drained viscera in growing steers fed a forage diet: I. Volatile fatty acids, glucose, and lactate. Journal of Animal Science 72, 13251334.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seal, C. J. & Reynolds, C. K. (1993). Nutritional implications of gastrointestinal and liver metabolism in ruminants. Nutrition Research Reviews 6, 185208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Snedecor, G. W. & Cochran, G. (1967). Statistical Methods, 6th Edn. Ames: Iowa State University Press.Google Scholar
Steel, J. W. & Leng, R. A. (1973). Effects of plane of nutrition and pregnancy on gluconeogenesis in sheep. 2. Synthesis of glucose from ruminal propionate. British Journal of Nutrition 30, 475489.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sutoh, M., Obara, Y. & Yoneyama, T. (1992). The effects of feeding regimen and dietary sucrose supplementation on natural abundance of 15N in some components of plasma of sheep. Journal of Animal Science 71, 226231.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, R. G., Steel, J. W., Leng, R. A. & Luick, J. R. (1969). Evaluation of three isotope-dilution techniques for studying the kinetics of glucose metabolism in sheep. Biochemical Journal 114, 203214.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Whitelaw, F. G. & Milne, J. S. (1991). Urea degradation in sheep nourished by intragastric infusion: effects of level and nature of energy inputs. Experimental Physiology 76, 7790.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed