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Seed production of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) in response to time of emergence in cotton and rice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  29 November 2011

M. V. BAGAVATHIANNAN ,
J. K. NORSWORTHY ,
K. L. SMITH  and
P. NEVE
M. V. BAGAVATHIANNAN*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 W Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
J. K. NORSWORTHY
Affiliation:
Department of Crop, Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Arkansas, 1366 W Altheimer Drive, Fayetteville, AR 72704, USA
K. L. SMITH
Affiliation:
University of Arkansas – Cooperative Extension Service, P.O. Box 3508, Monticello, AR 71656, USA
P. NEVE
Affiliation:
Crop and Environmental Sciences, Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne CV35 9EF, UK
*
*To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected]
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Summary

The spread of herbicide resistance in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) poses a serious threat to crop production in the southern United States. A thorough knowledge of the biology of barnyardgrass is fundamental for designing effective resistance-management programmes. In the present study, seed production of barnyardgrass in response to time of emergence was investigated in cotton and rice, respectively, in Fayetteville and Rohwer, Arkansas, over a 2-year period (2008–09). Barnyardgrass seed production was greater when seedlings emerged with the crop, but some seed production was observed even if seedlings emerged several weeks after crop emergence. Moreover, barnyardgrass seed production was highly variable across environments. When emerging with the crop (0 weeks after crop emergence (WAE)), barnyardgrass produced c. 35 500 and 16 500 seeds/plant in cotton, and c. 39 000 and 2900 seeds/plant in rice, in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Seed production was observed when seedlings emerged up to 5 WAE (2008) or 7 WAE (2009) in cotton and up to 5 WAE (2008, 2009) in rice; corresponding seed production was c. 2500 and 1500 seeds/plant in cotton, and c. 14 700 and 110 seeds/plant in rice, in 2008 and 2009, respectively. The results suggest that cultural approaches that delay the emergence of barnyardgrass or approaches that make the associated crop more competitive will be useful in integrated management programmes. In the context of herbicide resistance management, it may be valuable to prevent seed return to the seedbank, irrespective of cohorts. The findings are vital for parameterizing herbicide resistance simulation models for barnyardgrass.

Type
Crops and Soils Research Papers
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 150 , Issue 6 , December 2012 , pp. 717 - 724
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

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