Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-t5tsf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T10:29:29.675Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Mathematical modelling of ammonia volatilization from slurry stores and its effect on Cryptosporidium oocyst viability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

G. D. Ruxton
G. D. Ruxton
Affiliation:
Scottish Agricultural Statistics Service, King's Buildings (JCMB), Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

A simple mathematical model is shown to provide reasonably good predictions of time series data on ammonia loss from three experiments on slurry stores. The model produces predictions of changes in the distribution of ammonia with depth. Experimental evidence suggests that ammonia concentrations above a critical value appear to destroy the viability of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Using this criterion, the model predicts that, even under the most favourable circumstances, oocysts are unlikely to remain viable in slurry stores except in the top few centimetres. The effect of stirring the slurry is considered.

Type
Crops and Soils
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 124 , Issue 1 , February 1995 , pp. 55 - 60
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Buijsman, E., Maas, H. F. M. & Asman, W. A. H. (1987). Anthropogenic NH3 emissions in Europe. Atmospheric Environment 21, 1009–1022.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Campbell, I., Tzipori, S., Hutchison, G. & Angus, K. W. (1982). Effect of disinfectants on survival of oocysts. Veterinary Record 111, 414–415.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Dewes, T., Schmitt, L., Valentin, U. & Ahrens, E. (1990). Nitrogen losses during the storage of liquid livestock manures. Biological Wastes 31, 241–250.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fleisher, Z., Kenig, A., Ravina, I. & Hagin, J. (1987). Model of ammonia volatilization from calcareous soils. Plant and Soil 103, 205–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jayaweera, G. R. & Mikkelsen, D. S. (1990). Ammonia volatilization from flooded soil systems: a computer model. I. Theoretical aspects. Soil Science Society of America Journal 54, 1447–1455.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muck, R. E. & Richards, B. K. (1983). Losses of manurial nitrogen in free-stall barns. Agricultural Wastes 7, 65–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Muck, R. E. & Steenhuis, T. S. (1980). Nitrogen losses in free-stall dairy barns. Presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Livestock Wastes, 15–17 April, Amarillo, Texas.Google Scholar
Muck, R. E. & Steenhuis, T. S. (1982). Nitrogen losses from manure storages. Agricultural Wastes 4, 41–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pain, B. F., Phillips, V. R., Clarkson, C. R. & Klarenbeek, J. V. (1989). Loss of nitrogen through ammonia volatilisation during and following the application of pig or cattle slurry to grassland. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 47, 1–12.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Patni, N. K. & Jui, P. Y. (1991). Nitrogen concentration variability in dairy-cattle slurry stored in farm tanks. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 34, 609–615.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rachhpal-Singh, & Nye, P. H. (1986). A model of ammonia volatilization from applied urea. I. Development of the model. Journal of Soil Science 37, 9–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, G. D. (1978). Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations: Finite Difference Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, H. V. (1990). Environmental aspects of Cryptosporidium species: a review. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine 83, 629–631.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sommer, S. G., Olesen, J. E. & Christensen, B. T. (1991). Effects of temperature, wind speed and air humidity on ammonia volatilization from surface applied cattle slurry. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 117, 91–100.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sommer, S. G., Christensen, B. T., Nielsen, N. E. & Schjørring, J. K., (1993). Ammonia volatilization during storage of cattle and pig slurry: effect of surface cover. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 121, 63–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sundermann, C. A., Lindsay, D. S. & Blagburn, B. L. (1987). Evaluation of disinfectants for ability to kill avian Cryptosporidium oocysts. Companion Animal Practice 1, 36–39.Google Scholar
van der Molen, J., Beljaars, A. C. M., Chardon, W. J., Jury, W. A. & van Faassen, H. G. (1990). Ammonia volatilization from arable land after application of cattle slurry. 2. Derivation of a transfer model. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science 38, 239–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Whitehead, D. C. & Raistrick, N. (1993). Nitrogen in the excreta of dairy cattle: changes during short-term storage. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 121, 73–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar