Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-tf8b9 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-01T09:14:44.189Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Effects of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in first, second and third cereal crops

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

J. G. Buwalda ,
D. P. Stribley  and
P. B. Tinker
J. G. Buwalda
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL5 2JQ
D. P. Stribley
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL5 2JQ
P. B. Tinker
Affiliation:
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts., AL5 2JQ
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

The effects of inoculation with the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Olomics mosseae(Nicolson & Gerdemann) Gerdemann and Trappe, fumigation of soil with methyl bromide, and addition of superphosphate (up to 60 kg P/ha) on growth and phosphorus nutrition of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Highbury) were investigated in two experiments (in 1980 and 1981 respectively) on plots that had been fallowed and recently limed.

Fumigation severely reduced natural levels of infection, and slightly reduced yield of above-ground dry matter in both years. In 1981 a decrease in grain yield of about 25% was accompanied by an increase in growth of straw. Plants on fumigated plots contained appreciable amounts of bromine in shoot tissue.

Inoculation increased and added P decreased infection in all treatments. In 1980 inoculation had little effect on above-ground dry matter, but it increased concentration of P in shoots especially on plots without added P. In 1981 added inoculum increased yield of grain on fumigated plots by about 0·75 t/ha at all levels of added P, but had little effect on non-fumigated plots, though responses in grain production to added P were similar with and without fumigation. Increases in yield resulting from inoculation were generally accompanied by increases in concentration of P in plant tissue.

Winter barley was sown on the plots after their use for spring wheat, without further application of the fumigation, inoculation or phosphorus treatments used in those experiments, to determine any residual effects on mycorrhizal infection and on growth. The levels of mycorrhizal infection on non-fumigated, inoculated plots were relatively constant in successive crops, although numbers of propagules of mycorrhizal fungi increased significantly with time for all treatments. Infection levels on fumigated and non-inoculated plots increased in successive crops, so that the relative effects of fumigation and of inoculation declined with time.

The effects of inoculation on infection levels persisted for longer than those on yields, suggesting that maximum effects of mycorrhizal infection on growth did not require the maximum levels of infection found in the roots. Harvest yields continued to respond to applied phosphorus even when uniformly high levels of infection had been established, suggesting that the ability of the root system to absorb phosphate was not greatly increased by mycorrhizal infection.

Type
Research Article
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 105 , Issue 3 , December 1985 , pp. 631 - 647
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1985

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

REFERENCES

Alexander, M. (1965). Most-probable-number method for microbial populations. In Methods of Soil Analysis (ed. Black, C. A.), pp. 1467–1472. Wisconsin: Agronomy Society of America.Google Scholar
Avery, B. W. (1964). The Soils and Land Use of the District around Aylesbury and Hemel Hempstead. Memoir of the Soil Survey of Great Britain. London: H.M.S.O.Google Scholar
Black, R. L. B. & Tinker, P. B. (1979). The development of endomycorrhizal root systems. II. Effect of agronomic factors and soil conditions on the development of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in barley and on the endophyte spore density. New Phytologist 83, 401–413.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brown, G. & Jenkinson, D. S. (1971). Bromine in wheat grown on soil fumigated with methyl bromide. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 2, 45–54.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buwalda, J. G. (1983). The development of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal root systems and their role in the growth of cereals. Ph.D. thesis, University of London.Google Scholar
Buwalda, J. G., Ross, G. J. S., Stribley, D. P. & Tinker, P. B. (1982). The development of endomycorrhizal root systems. IV. The mathematical analysis of effects of phosphorus on the spread of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal infection in root systems. New Phytologist 92, 391–399.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buwalda, J. G., Stribley, D. P. & Tinker, P. B. (1983). Increased uptake of bromide and chloride by plants infected with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. New Phytologist 93, 217–225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buwalda, J. G., Stribley, D. P. & Tinker, P. B. (1984). The development of endomycorrhizal root systems. V. The detailed pattern of development of infection and the control of infection level by host in young leek plants. New Phytologist 96, 411–427.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buwalda, J. G., Stribley, D. P. & Tinker, P. B. (1985). Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae of winterand spring cereals. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 105, 649–657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carling, D. E., Brown, M. F. & Brown, R. A. (1979). Colonization rates and growth responses of soybean plants infected by vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Canadian Journal of Botany 57, 1769–1772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clarke, C. & Mosse, B. (1981). Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. XII. Field inoculation responses of barley at two soil P levels. New Phytologist 87, 695–703.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fogg, D. N. & Wilkinson, N. I. (1958). The colorimetric determination of phosphorus. Analyst, London 83, 406–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gerdemann, J. A. & Nicolson, T. H. (1963). Spores of mycorrhizal Endogone species extracted from soil by wet-sieving and decanting. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 46, 235–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hall, I. R. (1977). Species and mycorrhizal infections of New Zealand Endogonaceae. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 68, 341–356.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hayman, D. S. & Mosse, B. (1979). Improved growth of white clover in hill grasslands by mycorrhizal inoculation. Annals of Applied Biology 93, 141–148.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hornby, D. (1978). The problems of trying to forecast take-all. In Plant Disease Epidemiology (ed. Scott, P. R. and Bainbridge, A.), pp. 151–158. Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.Google Scholar
Howeler, R. H. & Sieverding, E. (1983), Potentials and limitations of mycorrhizal inoculation illustrated by experiments with field-grown cassava. Plant and Soil 75, 245–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jakobsen, I. (1983). Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in field-grown crops. II. Effect of inoculation on growth and nutrient uptake in barley at two phosphorus levels in fumigated soil. New Phytologist 94, 595–604.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jakobsen, I. & Andersen, A. J. (1982). Vesiculararbuscular mycorrhiza and growth in barley: effects of irradiation and heating of soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 14, 171–178.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jenkinson, D. S., Nowakowski, T. Z. & Mitchell, J. D. D. (1972). Growth and uptake of nitrogen by wheat and ryegrass in fumigated and irradiated soil. Plant and Soil 36, 149–158.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jensen, A. & Jakobsen, I. (1980). The occurrence of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza in barley and wheat grown in some Danish soils with different fertilizer treatments. Plant and Soil 55, 403–414.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khan, A. G. (1975). The effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas on the growth of cereals. II. Effects on wheat growth. Annals of Applied Biology 80, 27–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Larsen, S. (1966). The effect of steam treatment of soil on phosphate availability. Ada Agriculturae Scandinavica 16, 208–212.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McIlveen, W. D. & Cole, H. (1976). Spore dispersal of Endogonaceae by worms, ants, wasps and birds. Canadian Journal of Botany 54, 1486–1489.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Menge, J. A. (1982). Effects of soil fumigants and fungicides on vesicular–arbuscular fungi. Phytopathology 72, 1125–1132.Google Scholar
Menge, J. A., Munnecke, D. E., Johnson, E. L. V. & Carnes, D. W. (1978). Dosage responses of the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus fasciculatus and Glomus constrictus to methyl bromide. Phytopathology 68, 1368–1372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mosse, B., Warner, A. & Clarke, C. A. (1982). Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. XIII. Spread of an introduced VA endophyte in the field and residual growth effects of inoculation in the second year. New Phytologist 90, 521–528.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O'Bannon, J. H. & Nemec, S. (1978). Influence of soil pesticides on vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizae in a citrus soil. Nematropica 8, 56–61.Google Scholar
Owusu-Bennoah, E. & Mosse, B. (1979). Plant growth responses to vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza. XI. Field inoculation responses in barley, lucerne and onion. New Phytologist 83, 671–679.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pairunan, A. K., Robson, A. D. & Abbott, L. K. (1980). The effectiveness of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas in increasing growth and phosphorus uptake of subterranean clover from phosphorus sources of different solubilities. New Phytologist 84, 327–338.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Phillips, J. M. & Hayman, D. S. (1970). Improved procedures for clearing roots and staining parasitic and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi for rapid assessment of infection. Transactions of the British Mycological Society 55, 158–161.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plenchette, C., Fortin, J. A. & Furlan, V. (1983a). Growth responses of several plant species to mycorrhizae in a soil of moderate P-fertility. I. Mycorrhizal dependency under field conditions. Plant and Soil 70, 199–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Plenchette, C., Fortin, J. A. & Furlan, V. (1983b). Growth responses of several plant species to mycorrhizae in a soil of moderate P-fertility. II. Soil fumigation induced stunting of plants corrected by reintroduction of the wild endomycorrhizal flora. Plant and Soil, 70 211–217.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Porter, W. M. (1979). The ‘most-probable-number’ method for enumerating infective propagules of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in soil. Australian Journal of Soil Research 17, 515–519.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, C. Ll. (1976). Mycorrhizal fungi stimulate clover growth in New Zealand hill country soils. Nature 264, 436–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Powell, C. Ll. (1981). Inoculation of barley with efficient mycorrhizal fungi stimulates seed yield. Plant and Soil 59, 487–491.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rangeley, A., Daft, M. J. & Newbould, P. (1982). The inoculation of white clover with mycorrhizal fungi in unsterile hill soils. New Phytologist 92, 89–102.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rhodes, L. H. (1980). The use of mycorrhizae in crop production systems. Outlook on Agriculture 10, 275–281.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rovira, A. D. (1976). Studies on soil fumigation. 1. Effects on ammonium, nitrate and phosphate in soil and on the growth, nutrition and yield of wheat. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 8, 241–247.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rovira, A. D. & Ridge, E. H. (1979). The effect of methyl bromide and chloropicrin on some chemical and biological properties of soil and on the growth and nutrition of wheat. In Soil Disinfestation (Developments in Agricultural and Managed-Forest Ecology, 6) (ed. Mulder, D.), pp. 231–250. Amsterdam: Elsevier Scientific Publishing Co.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Saif, S. R. & Khan, A. G. (1977). The effect of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal association on growth of cereals. III. Effects on barley growth. Plant and Soil 47, 17–26.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, S. E. & Walker, N. A. (1981). A quantitative study of mycorrhizal infection in Trifolium: separate determination of the rates of infection and of mycelial growth. New Phytologist 87, 475–479.Google Scholar
Snellgrove, R. C., Splittstoesser, W. E., Stribley, D. P. & Tinker, P. B. (1982). The distribution of carbon and the demand of the fungal symbiont in leek plants with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. New Phytologist 92, 75–87.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sparling, G. P. & Tinker, P. B. (1978). Mycorrhizal infection in Pennine grassland. II. Effects of mycorrhizal infection on the growth of some upland grasses on y-irradiated soils. Journal of Applied Ecology 15, 951–958.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tinker, P. B. & Gildon, A. (1983). Mycorrhizal fungi and ion uptake. In Metals and Micronutrients: Uptake and Utilization by Plants (ed. Robb, D. A. and Pierpoint, W. S.), pp. 21–32. London: Academic Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tinker, P. B. & Widdowson, F. V. (1982). Maximising wheat yields, and some causes of yield variation. The Fertiliser Society, pp. 149–184.Google Scholar
Van der Zaag, P., Fox, B. L., de la Pena, R. S. & Yost, B. S. (1979). P nutrition of cassava, including mycorrhizal effects on P, K, S, Zn and Ca uptake. Field Crops Research 2, 253–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wang, G. (1984). Soil pH and vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas. Ph.D. thesis, University of London.Google Scholar
Warnock, A. J., Fitter, A. H. & Usher, M. B. (1982). The influence of a springtail Folsomia Candida (Insecta, Collembola) on the mycorrhizal association of leek Allium porrum and the vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal endophyte Glomus fasciculatus. New Phytologist 90, 285–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wilson, J. M. & Trinick, M. J. (1982). Factors affecting the estimation of numbers of infective propagules of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi by the most-probable-number method. Australian Journal of Soil Research 21, 73–81.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yost, B. S. & Fox, B. L. (1979). Contribution of mycorrhizae to P nutrition of crops growing on an oxisol. Agronomy Journal 71, 903–908.CrossRefGoogle Scholar