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The effect of dicyandiamide addition to cattle slurry on soil gross nitrogen transformations at a grassland site in Northern Ireland

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 October 2013

K. L. McGEOUGH ,
C. MÜLLER ,
R. J. LAUGHLIN ,
C. J. WATSON ,
M. ERNFORS ,
E. CAHALAN  and
K. G. RICHARDS
K. L. McGEOUGH*
Affiliation:
Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland
C. MÜLLER
Affiliation:
School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland Department of Plant Ecology (IFS), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, Germany
R. J. LAUGHLIN
Affiliation:
Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland
C. J. WATSON
Affiliation:
Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Newforge Lane, Belfast, BT9 5PX, Northern Ireland
M. ERNFORS
Affiliation:
Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 103, SE 23053, Alnarp, Sweden
E. CAHALAN
Affiliation:
School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
K. G. RICHARDS
Affiliation:
Teagasc, Environmental Research Centre, Johnstown Castle, Co. Wexford, Ireland
*
*To whom all correspondence should be addressed. Email: [email protected]
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Summary

Many studies have shown the efficacy of the nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD) in reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate (NO3−) leaching. However, there is no information on the effect of DCD on gross soil N transformations under field conditions, which is key information if it is to be used as a mitigation strategy to reduce N losses. The current field study was conducted to determine the effect of DCD on ten gross nitrogen (N) transformations in soil following cattle slurry (CS) application to grassland in Northern Ireland on three occasions (June 2010, October 2010 and March 2011).

Ammonium (NH4+) oxidation (ONH4) was the dominant process in total NO3− production (ONH4+ONrec (oxidation of recalcitrant organic N to NO3−)) following CS application, accounting for 0·894–0·949. Dicyandiamide inhibited total NO3− production from CS by 0·781, 0·696 and 0·807 in June 2010, October 2010 and March 2011, respectively. The lower inhibition level in October 2010 was thought to be due to the higher rainfall and soil moisture content in that month compared to the other application times. As DCD strongly inhibited NH4+ oxidation following CS application, it also decreased the rate of total NO3− consumption, since less NO3− was formed. The rates of mineralization from recalcitrant organic-N (MNrec) were higher than from labile organic-N (MNlab) on all occasions. The DCD significantly increased total mineralization (MNrec+MNlab) following CS application in June 2010 and March 2011, but had no significant effect in October 2010. In contrast, the rate of immobilization of labile organic-N (INH4_Nlab) was higher than from recalcitrant organic-N (INH4_Nrec) on all occasions, accounting for 0·878–0·976 of total NH4+ immobilization from CS. The DCD significantly increased total immobilization (INH4_Nrec+INH4_Nlab) when CS was applied in June 2010, but had no significant effect at other times of the year.

Dicyandiamide was shown to be a highly effective inhibitor of ammonium oxidation at this grassland site. Although there was evidence that it increased both NH4+ mineralization and immobilization following CS application, its effect on these processes was inconsistent. Further work is required to understand the reason for these inconsistent effects: future improvements in 15N tracer models may help.

Type
Nitrogen Workshop Special Issue Papers
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 152 , Supplement S1: Special Issue from the 17th International Nitrogen Workshop , December 2014 , pp. 125 - 136
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2013 

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