Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-fbnjt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T02:29:19.406Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Barley response to nitrogen rate and timing in a Mediterranean environment

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2009

J. M. Ramos ,
I. De La Morena  and
L. F. Garcia Del Moral
J. M. Ramos
Affiliation:
Departamento Biologia Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
I. De La Morena
Affiliation:
Departamento Biologia Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, 28040 Madrid, Spain
L. F. Garcia Del Moral
Affiliation:
Departamento Biologia Vegetal, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, 18001 Granada, Spain
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Summary

Nitrogen is an important factor determining grain yield of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Optimal rates and application timing can vary according to the environmental conditions under which the crop is grown. For 8 years (1979–86) barley yield, tillering, and leaf-area response to N application rates and timing were studied in southern Spain. The results showed that, under our experimental conditions, the most advantageous N rate for grain yield was 60 kg/ha, either split equally between sowing and tillering, or else with the greater proportion applied at tillering. Nitrogen applied at sowing increased number of tillers per plant, and N applied at tillering favoured tiller survival for later spike formation. In addition, N applied at tillering increased the number of leaves per plant, leaf area per plant, and the leaf area index, the maximum value of which occurred at anthesis.

Type
Crops and Soils
Information
The Journal of Agricultural Science , Volume 125 , Issue 2 , October 1995 , pp. 175 - 182
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Ayoub, A. T. (1974). Effect of nitrogen source and time of application on wheat nitrogen uptake and grain yield. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 82, 567–569.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Biscoe, P. V., Clark, J. A., Gregson, K., McGowan, M., Monteith, J. L. & Scott, R. K. (1975). Barley and its environment. I. Theory and practice. Journal of Applied Ecology 12, 227–257.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boyd, D. A., Yuen, L. T. K. & Needham, P. (1976). Nitrogen requirements of cereals. 1. Response curves. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 87, 149–162.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briggs, D. E. (1978). Barley. London: Chapman and Hall.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Bullen, E. R. & Lessells, W. J. (1957). The effect of nitrogen on cereal yields. Journal of Agricultural Science 49, 319–328.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cannell, R. Q. (1969). The tillering pattern in barley varieties. I. Production, survival and contribution to yield by component tillers. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 72, 405–422.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dale, J. E. & Wilson, R. G. (1979). The effects of photoperiod and mineral nutrient supply on growth and primordia production at the stem apex of barley seedlings. Annals of Botany 44, 537–546.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
de la Morena, I., Ramos, J. M. & García Del Moral, L. F. (1986). Análisis del crecimiento y de la producción de grano en cultivos de cebada (Hordeum distichon L. var. Pallas) bajo las condiciones ambientales de la provincia de Granada. I. Actión del nitrógeno radical y del azufre y ethrel foliar sobre la cosecha y sus componentes. Anales de Edafologia y Agrobiologia 45, 763–778.Google Scholar
Donald, C. M. (1968). The breeding of crop ideotyes. Euphytica 17, 385–403.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Easson, D. L. (1984). The timing of nitrogen application for spring barley. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 102, 673–678.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Engelstad, O. P. & Terman, G. L. (1966). Fertilizer nitrogen: its role in determining crop yield levels. Agronomy Journal 58, 536–539.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Falisse, A. & Bodson, B. (1984). Development of highinput systems of cereal production in Europe. In Cereal Production (Ed. Gallagher, E. J.), pp. 273–285. London: Butterworths.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García Del Moral, L. F. & Ramos, J. M. (1989). Fisiologia de la producción de grano. In La Cebada (Ed. Molina-Cano, J. L.), pp. 137–178. Madrid, Spain: Mundi-Prensa.Google Scholar
García Del Moral, L. F., Ramos, J. M. & Recalde, L. (1984). Tillering dynamics of winter barley as influenced by cultivar and nitrogen fertilizer: a field study. Crop Science 24, 179–181.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García del Moral, L. F., Ramos, J. M. & Recalde, L. (1985). Relationships between vegetative growth, grain yield and grain protein content in six winter barley cultivars. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, 523–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
García del Moral, L. F., Ramos, J. M., García del Moral, M. B. & Jiménez-Tejada, M. P. (1991). Ontogenetic approach to grain production in spring barley based on path-coefficient analysis. Crop Science 31, 1179–1185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Innes, P., Blackwell, R. D., Austin, R. B. & Ford, M. A. (1981). The effects of selection for number of ears on the yield and water economy of winter wheat. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 97, 523–532.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Khalifa, M. A. (1973). Effects of nitrogen on leaf area index, leaf area duration, net assimilation rate, and yield of wheat. Agronomy Journal 65, 253–256.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M. (1968). The response of some barley varieties to irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 71, 47–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kirby, E. J. M. & Faris, D. G. (1972). The effect of plant density on tiller growth and morphology in barley. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 78, 281–288.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kivi, E. I. & Hovinen, S. (1972). Response of certain malting barley varieties to nitrogen fertilization. Journal of the Scientific Agricultural Society of Finland 44, 12–18.Google Scholar
Lachica, M., Aguilar, A. & Yañez, J. (1973). Análisis foliar. Métodos utilizados en la Estación Experimental del Zaidín (II). Anales de Edafología y Agrobiologia 32, 1033–1047.Google Scholar
Large, E. C. (1954). Growth stages in cereals. Illustration of the Feekes scale. Plant Pathology 3, 128–129.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lawlor, D. W., Day, W., Johnston, A. E., Legg, B. J. & Parkison, K. J. (1981). Growth of spring barley under drought: crop development, photosynthesis, dry-matter accumulation and nutrient content. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 96, 167–186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leyshon, A. J., Campbell, C. A. & Warder, F. G. (1980). Comparison of the effect of NO-3 and NH4–N on growth, yield, and yield components of Manitou spring wheat and Conquest barley. Canadian Journal of Plant Science 60, 1063–1070.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Needham, P. & Boyd, D. A. (1976). Nitrogen requirement of cereals. 2. Multi-level nitrogen tests with spring barley in south-western England. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 87, 163–170.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Orphanos, P. I. (1986). Efficiency of nitrogen applied to barley as basal dressing of ammonium sulphate or as topdressing of urea and ammonium nitrate in a semiarid region. Plant and Soil 92, 147–152.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramos, J. M., García Del Moral, L. F. & Recalde, L. (1982). The influence of pre- and post-anthesis periods on yields of winter barley varieties in southern Spain. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 99, 521–523.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramos, J. M., García del Moral, L. F. & Recalde, L. (1985). Vegetative growth of winter barley in relation to environmental conditions and grain yield. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 104, 413–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ramos, J. M., García del Moral, L. F., Molina-Cano, J. L., Salamanca, P. & Roca de Togores, F. (1989). Effects of an early application of sulphur or etephon as foliar spray on the growth and yield of spring barley in a Mediterranean environment. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 163, 129–137.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reisenauer, H. M. & Dickson, A. D. (1961). Effects of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization on yield and malting quality of barley. Agronomy Journal 53, 192–195.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, K. D., Cooper, P. J. M., Allan, A. Y., Drennan, D. S. H. & Keatinge, J. D. H. (1987). Growth, water use and yield of barley in Mediterranean-type environments. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 108, 365–378.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sparrow, P. E. (1979). Nitrogen response curves of spring barley. Journal of Agricultural Science, Cambridge 92, 307–317.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Spiertz, J. H. J., De Vos, N. M. & Ten Holte, L. (1984). The role of nitrogen in yield formation of cereals, especially of winter wheat. In Cereal Production (Ed. Gallagher, E. J.), pp. 249–258. London: Butterworths.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorne, G. N. (1962). Effect of applying nitrogen to cereals in the spring or at ear emergence. Journal of Agricultural Science 58, 89–96.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Thorne, G. N. (1966). Physiological aspects of grain yield in cereals. In The Growth of Cereals and Grasses (Eds Milthorpe, F. L. & Ivins, J. D.), pp. 88–105. London: Butterworths.Google Scholar