Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-q99xh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T10:34:22.527Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Does Vertical Integration Effect Market Power? Evidence from U.S. Food Manufacturing Industries

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 April 2005

Sanjib Bhuyan*
Affiliation:
Department of Agricultural, Food & Resource Economics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ

Abstract

The issue of whether vertical integration can raise market power is hotly debated because firms have a market power-related incentive to integrate vertically. Using a sample of U.S. food manufacturing industries, this “market power” motive is empirically tested in this study. Empirical analysis shows that forward vertical ownership integration (or vertical mergers) did not increase food manufacturers' market power in the final product market. The study, however, shows that both market structure and conduct significantly influenced market power in the food industries.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Southern Agricultural Economics Association 2005

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Azzam, A., and Pagoulatos, E.. “Testing Oligopolistic and Oligopsonistic Behavior: An Application to the Meat U.S. Packing Industry.Journal of Agricultural Economics 41(1990): 362–70.10.1111/j.1477-9552.1990.tb00652.x10.1111/j.1477-9552.1990.tb00652.xGoogle Scholar
Azzam, A., and Pagoulatos, E.. “Vertical Relationships: Economic Theory and Empirical Evidence.” Vertical Relationships and Coordination in the Food System. Galizzi, G. and Venturini, L., eds., pp. 720. Heidelberg, Germany: Physica-Verlag, 1999.10.1007/978-3-642-48765-1_210.1007/978-3-642-48765-1_2Google Scholar
Bhuyan, S.Impact of Vertical Mergers on Industry Profitability: An Empirical Evaluation.Review of Industrial Organization 20(2002):6179.10.1023/A:101331092990210.1023/A:1013310929902Google Scholar
Bhuyan, S., and Lopez, R.A.. “Oligopoly Power in the Food and Tobacco Industries.American Journal of Agricultural Economics 79(1997): 1035–43.10.2307/124444210.2307/1244442Google Scholar
Bork, R. The Antitrust Paradox. New York: Basic Books, 1978.Google Scholar
Bresnahan, T.Empirical Studies of Industries with Market Power.” Handbook of Industrial Organization. Schmalensee, R. and Willig, R., eds., pp. 1011–057. New York and Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1989.Google Scholar
Carlton, D.W., and Perloff, J.M.. Modern Industrial Organization. 3rd ed. Reading, MA: Addison Wesley Longman, Inc., 2000.Google Scholar
Caves, R.E., and Bradburd, R.M.. “The Empirical Determinants of Vertical Integration.Journal of Economic Behavior and Organization 9(1988):265–79.10.1016/0167-2681(88)90037-6Google Scholar
Davies, S.W., and Morris, C.. “A New Index of Vertical Integration: Some Estimates for UK Manufacturing.International Journal of Industrial Organization 13(1995):151–77.10.1016/0167-7187(94)00459-FGoogle Scholar
Esposito, L., and Esposito, F.F.. “Foreign Competition and Domestic Industry Profitability.Review of Economics and Statistics 53(1971):343–53.10.2307/192873510.2307/1928735Google Scholar
Frank, S.D., and Henderson, D.R.. “Transaction Costs as Determinants of Vertical Coordination in the U.S. Food Industries.American Journal of Agricultural Economics 74(1992):941–50.10.2307/124319210.2307/1243192Google Scholar
George, K.D., Joli, C., and Lynk, E.L.. Industrial Organization: Competition, Growth and Structural Change. 4th ed. London: Routledge, 1992.Google Scholar
Gujarati, D.N. Basic Econometrics. 3rd ed. New York: McGraw Hill, 1995.Google Scholar
Kinnucan, H.W., and Nelson, R.G.. “Vertical Control and the Farm-Retail Price Spread for Eggs.Review of Agricultural Economics 15(1993):473–82.10.2307/134948210.2307/1349482Google Scholar
Kleibenstein, J.B., and Lawrence, J.D.. “Contracting and Vertical Coordination in the United States Pork Industry.American Journal of Agricultural Economics 77(1995):1213–18.10.2307/124335010.2307/1243350Google Scholar
Klein, B., Crawford, R.G., and Alchian, A.A.. “Vertical Integration, Appropriable Rents, and the Competitive Contracting Process.Journal of Law and Economics 27(1978):297326.10.1086/466922Google Scholar
Martin, S. Advanced Industrial Economics. Cambridge, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 1993.Google Scholar
Martin, S. Industrial Economics: Economic Analysis and Public Policy. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1994.Google Scholar
Martinez, S.W. Vertical Coordination in the Pork and Broiler Industries. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agricultural Economics Report No. 777, 1999.Google Scholar
Martinez, S., and Reed, A.. From Farmers to Consumers: Vertical Coordination in the Food Industry. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agricultural Information Bulletin No. 720, 1996.Google Scholar
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER). Productivity data base and trade data base. Internet site: www.nber.org (Accessed August 2003).Google Scholar
O'Brian, P.M.Implications for Public Policy.” Food and Agricultural Markets: The Quiet Revolution. Schertz, L.P. and Daft, L.M., eds. Washington: National Planning Association, 1994, Ch. 23.Google Scholar
Pagoulatos, E., and Sorensen, R.. “Foreign Trade, Concentration, and Profitability in Open Economies.European Economic Review 8(1976): 255–67.10.1016/0014-2921(76)90033-710.1016/0014-2921(76)90033-7Google Scholar
Pepall, L., Richards, D.J., and Norman, G.. Industrial Organization: Contemporary Theory and Practice. 2nd ed., Cincinnati, OH: South-Western/Thompson Learning, 2002.Google Scholar
Perry, M.Vertical Integration: Determinants and Effects.” Handbook of Industrial Organization. Schmalensee, R. and Willig, R.D., eds., pp. 183–255. New York and Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1989.Google Scholar
Posner, R.A. Antitrust Law: An Economic Perspective. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1976.Google Scholar
Rhodes, V.J.The Industrialization of Hog Production.Review of Agricultural Economics 17(1995):107–18.10.2307/134972510.2307/1349725Google Scholar
Riordan, M., and Salop, S.. “Evaluating Vertical Mergers: A Post-Chicago Approach.Antitrust Law Journal 63(1995):513–68.Google Scholar
Rogers, R.T.Structural Change in Food U.S. Manufacturing, 1958–1997.Agribusiness: An International Journal 17(2001):332.10.1002/1520-6297(200124)17:1<3::AID-AGR1001>3.0.CO;2-13.0.CO;2-1>Google Scholar
Scherer, E.M., and Ross, D.. Industrial Market Structure and Economic Performance. 3rd ed. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1990.Google Scholar
Schmalensee, R.Inter-industry Studies of Market Structure and Performance.” Handbook of Industrial Organization. Schmalensee, R. and Willig, R.D., eds., pp. 9511009. New York and Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1989.Google Scholar
Schroeter, J.R., and Azzam, A.. “Measuring Market Power in Multiproduct Oligopolies: The U.S. Meat Industry.Applied Economics 22(1990): 1365–76.10.1080/0003684900000010710.1080/00036849000000107Google Scholar
Sexton, R.J.Industrialization and Consolidation in the U.S. Food Sector: Implications for Competition and Welfare.American Journal of Agricultural Economics 82(2000): 1087–04.10.1111/0002-9092.00106Google Scholar
Shepherd, W.G. The Economics of Industrial Organization: Analysis, Markets, Policies, 4th ed., Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 1997.Google Scholar
Shepherd, W.G., and Shepherd, J.M.. The Economics of Industrial Organization. 5th ed., Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, 2004.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Commerce. The 1992 Benchmark Input–Output Accounts of the United States. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1998.Google Scholar
U.S. Department of Commerce. The 1992 Census of Manufacturers, Industry Series (final series). Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, 1997.Google Scholar
Wann, J.J., and Sexton, R.. “Imperfect Competition in Multiproduct Food Industries with Application to Pear Processing.” Competitive Strategy Analysis in the Food System. Cotterill, R., ed., pp. 7190. Westview Press: Boulder, CO, 1993.Google Scholar
Williamson, O.E.The Economics of Antitrust: Transaction Cost Considerations.University of Pennsylvania Law Review 122(1974): 1439–96. Also see his work in later years.10.2307/3311505Google Scholar