² Elias, The nature of African customary law, 55.

³ Edgar Bodenheimer, Jurisprudence, 1962 251.

⁴ Op. cit.

⁵ But as we shall proceed to show presently, the term “customary law” should be restricted to law the enforcement of which is confined to a particular locality; all other obligatory rules of general application are, to the African, law.

⁶ Max Gluckman, The Judicial Process among the Barotse of Northern Rhodesia, 229.

^{page 133 note 1} Interpretation Act, 1960, C.A.4, s.18.

^{page 133 note 2} Sarbah, Fanti Customary Laws, 2nd ed., 1904., 281.

^{page 134 note 1} Crooks, Records relating to the Gold Coast Settlements from 1750 to 1874, 284.

^{page 134 note 2} Courts Ordinance, 1951, s.83, re-enacted by para. 93(2) of the Courts Decree, 1966, N.L.C.D. 84.

^{page 134 note 3} Supreme Court Ordinance, 1876, No. 4, s.19, the final re-enactment from the Courts Ordinance, 1951 edition, cap. 4, s.87. This provision was retained by the Courts Act, 1960, C.A.9, s.66(1), now re-enacted in the Courts Decree, 1966, N.L.C.D. 84, para. 64(1).

^{page 134 note 4} Cap. 4, 1951 Rev., repealed.

^{page 135 note 1} Wiapa v. Solomon (1905), Ren. 410.

^{page 136 note 1} Re Shai Hills, L. and Ct., June 3rd, 1951; Re Land Acquired per P.W.D. (1959), G.L.R. 163.

^{page 136 note 2} Wiapa v. Solomon (supra); Akwei v. Ababio (1874–1928), P.C. 99.

^{page 136 note 3} Sasraku v. Okine (1930), 1 W.A.C.A. 49; Essien v. Duncan (1956), 2 W.A.L.R. 155.

^{page 136 note 4} Administration of Lands Act, 1962, Act 123, s.31.

^{page 136 note 5} See Public Lands Ordinance, 1951, Act 134, s.11, now repealed.

^{page 136 note 6} The State Lands Act, 1962, Act 125.

^{page 136 note 7} Boi Owusu v. Mantse of Labadi, 1 W.A.C.A. 278.

^{page 138 note 1} Lokko v. Konklofi (1907), Ren. 450.

^{page 138 note 2} Per Webster, J., Balogun v. Oshodi (1930), 10 N.L.R. 36, at p. 53.

^{page 138 note 3} Per Osborne, C. J., in Lewis v. Bankole (1908), 1 N.L.R. 81 (F.Ct.) 101; see also Golightly v. Ashrifi (1956), 14 W.A.C.A. 676.

^{page 138 note 4} Per Griffith, C. J., in Yerenchi v. Akuffo (1908), Ren. 362.

^{page 138 note 5} Pogucki, Gold Coast Land Tenure, vol. 3., preface.

^{page 139 note 1} Baidoo v. Osei (1957), 3 W.A.L.R. 289, at p. 291; Wutoh v. Gyebi (1959), P.C.L.L.G. 193.

^{page 139 note 2} Nikoi Olai v. Asere Mantse, July 24th, 1961.

^{page 139 note 3} See also Total Oil Products v. Obeng, H.Ct., 1962, unreported.

^{page 139 note 4} Act 125, s.1.

^{page 139 note 5} Act 123, s.7.

^{page 139 note 6} Meek, Land Law and Custom in the Colonies, chap. 22; Elias, Nature of African Customary Law 166–167; Allott, Essays in African Law, chap. 10.

^{page 140 note 1} Fanti Customary Laws.

^{page 140 note 2} Ashanti

^{page 140 note 3} Supra.

^{page 140 note 4} Principles of Customary Land Law in Ghana.

^{page 140 note 5} The Gold Coast Cocoa Farmer.

^{page 140 note 6} Gold Coast Land Tenure.

^{page 140 note 7} “Interests in land in the customary law of Ghana—a new appraisal”, (1969) 6 U.G.L.J. 99.

^{page 140 note 8} “Developments in pledges of land in Ghanaian customary law,” [1967] J.A.L. 8.

^{page 140 note 9} Ollennu, 19.

^{page 140 note 10} In Kuma v. Kofi, 1 W.A.L.R. 128, the article borrowed was gunpowder.

^{page 140 note 11} Hill, The Gold Coast Cocoa Farmer.

^{page 140 note 12} Ollennu, Principles of Customary Land Law in Ghana, 68, 102–103; Woodman, op. cit., at p.12.

^{page 140 note 13} Ollennu, Principles of Customary Land Law in Ghana, 100; Danquah, Akan Laws and Custom, 219–220. But see Allott, Akan Law of Property (unpublished), 412, where he says that the pledge could take the improvements with him if they are not severable from the land. The statement that the pledgee will continue to own the improvement if not severable is of doubtful authority: it could only be by agreement; but it is bound to create many complications, particularly after the death of the parties to the transaction.

^{page 141 note 1} Ollennu, op. cit., 100; Woodman, op. cit.

^{page 141 note 2} Clerke v. Nkrumah, D.Ct. (Land) ‘48–’51, 99; Dabla v. Ativor, D.Ct. (Land) ‘48–’51, 103.

^{page 141 note 3} Ollennu, op. cit., 107; Darko v. Abore, unreported judgment of the High Court, Accra, April 12th, 1961; Woodman, op. cit., 14.

^{page 141 note 4} Ollennu, op. cit., 44, 107; Yaw Akyirefi v. The Paramount Stool of Breman-Essiam, 13 W.A.C.A. 331; Kwesi Kwainoo v. Kofi Ampong, 14 W.A.C.A. 250.

^{page 141 note 5} See Part B. Law Reform in Ghana, infra, pp. 61 et seq.

^{page 141 note 6} (1939), 5 W.A.C.A. 42, at pp. 46–47.

^{page 142 note 1} Fiscian v. Nelson (1954), 12 W.A.C.A. 21, 22; Kuma v. Kuma, 5 W.A.C.A. (P.C.) 4.

^{page 142 note 2} See Farm Lands (Protection) of Act, 1962, Act 107.

^{page 142 note 3} 6 W.A.C.A. 24.

^{page 142 note 4} 1 W.A.C.A. 284.

^{page 142 note 5} 1 W.A.C.A. 323.

^{page 142 note 6} Thompson v. Mensah (1957), 3 W.A.L.R. 240.

^{page 142 note 7} Ohimsen v. Adjei (1957), 2 W.A.L.R. 275; Ofei v. Dove, S.Ct., April 18th, 1966 (unreported).

^{page 143 note 1} (1866) L.R. 1 H.L. 129.

^{page 143 note 2} Central London Property Trust, Ltd. v. High Trees House, Ltd., [1947] K.B. 130.

^{page 143 note 3} Act 107.

^{page 143 note 4} Act 2.

^{page 143 note 5} Act 107.

^{page 143 note 6} Act 2.

^{page 143 note 7} H.Ct., January 16th, 1961 (unreported).

^{page 143 note 8} S.Ct., April 18th, 1966 (unreported).

^{page 143 note 9} Act 107.

^{page 143 note 10} H.Ct., May 21st, 1962 (unreported).

^{page 143 note 11} S.Ct., June 8th, 1964 (unreported).

^{page 144 note 1} See section 1(1) and section 2(2).

^{page 145 note 1} 2 W.A.C.A. 188.

^{page 145 note 1} Act 114, s.2; see also the National Omnibus Act, 1963, Act 164, s.3.

^{page 145 note 1} Elizabeth Manu v. Kwabena Kuma, Civ. App. No. 71/62 of May 27th, 1963 (unreported), Written Judgments, January-June, 1963, 331, at pp. 337–338.

^{page 146 note 1} W.A.C.A. 278.

^{page 146 note 2} Cap. 134, 1951.

^{page 146 note 3} Cap. 138, 1951.

^{page 146 note 4} 12 W.A.C.A. (P.C.) 31.

^{page 146 note 5} Owoo v. Owoo, 11 W.A.C.A. 81; Ansah v. Sackey, 3 W.A.L.R. 325.

^{page 146 note 6} Adjin v. Onano V, 14 W.A.C.A. 427.

^{page 147 note 1} As to what amounts to abandonment, see Asenso v. Nykidwuo (1956), 1 W.A.L.R. 243, 246; Lutterodt v. Malm, S.Ct., January 9th, 1963 (unreported); Shai Hills Acquisition (1957), P.C.L.L.G. 177.

^{page 147 note 2} The Minerals Act, 1962, Act 126.

^{page 147 note 3} See discussion of this subject in P.C.L.L.G., chap. 9; Agbloe II v. Sappor, 12 W.A.C.A. 187; Nelson v. Nelson, 13 W.A.C.A. 248; Owiredu v. Moshie, 14 W.A.C.A. 11; Bassil v. Honger, 14 W.A.C.A. 569.

^{page 147 note 4} Quarm v. yankah II, 1 W.A.C.A. 80; Manko v. Bonso, 3 W.A.C.A. 62; Edmund v. Ferguson, 5 W.A.C.A. 11.

^{page 148 note 1} Redwar, Comments on some Ordinances of the Gold Coast, 76; Smith, Written Opinion on Native Land Tenure in the Gold Coast; Sarbah, Fanti Customary Laws, 1897 edition, 254; Hindle, Report upon the customs of the Non-Mohammedan Arian Tribes in the Gold Coast; Sarbah, Fanti Customary Laws, 1897 edition, 259–261; Havers, Report of Commission of Enquiry, 37; Kokomlemle Consolidated Suits, H.Ct., May 31st, 1951 (unreported).

^{page 148 note 2} Azzu v. Akardiri (1912), Ren. 677; Azzu v. Cooper (1913) Ren. 681; Adjuah v. Wilson (1927), F.Ct., 1926–29, 260; Kweku v. Wood (1931) D.Ct., 1931–37, 3.

^{page 148 note 3} Roura & Forgas Ltd. v. British Bata Shoe Co. Ltd. (1961), 1 G.L.R. 339, at p. 343. The judgment of the High Court was set aside on the merits by the Supreme Court on February 29th, 1964 (unreported), but it is submitted, with respect, that the views expressed in the passage quoted still hold good.

^{page 149 note 1} The cases cited include Sheddon v. Goodrich, 32 E.R. 441; Thomas v. Holder (1946), 12 W.A.C.A. 78, 79; Oyekan v. Adele, P.C. Ap. No. 39/53, June 26th, 1957; the Kokomlemle Consolidated Suits, D.C. (Land) ‘48–’51, 312.

^{page 149 note 2} See Kuma v. Kuma, 5 W.A.C.A. (P.C.) 4; Fiscian v. Nelson (1954) 12 W.A.C.A. 21.

^{page 149 note 3} See the State Lands Act, 1962, Act 125, which repealed and replaced the State Property and Contracts Act, 1960, which also repealed and replaced earlier enactments.

^{page 149 note 4} As under the Administration of Lands Act, 1962, Act 123, s.1.

^{page 150 note 1} This power of alienation is a modern development of the customary law; in ancient times he could only make valid disposition with the consent and concurrence of the head and principal members of his family; see Kokomlemle Consolidated Cases (1951), D.C. (Land) ‘48–’51, 312; Golightly v. Ashrifi, 14 W.A.C.A. 676; Akan Laws and Customs, 197; the limitation in this respect was exactly the same as that upon a person in charge of family property, in disposing of family property.

^{page 150 note 2} They will be liable to maintain him and his dependants out of resources of the family if he owned no property.

^{page 150 note 3} Makata v. Ahorli, 1 W.A.L.R. 166.

^{page 151 note 1} Poh v. Konamba (1957), 3 W.A.L.R. 74.

^{page 152 note 1} Ghamson v. Wobill and Kra v. Danquah (1947), 12 W.A.C.A. 181; Kwakyev. Tuba (1961), 2 G.L.R. 535.

^{page 152 note 2} 7 Will. 4 & Vict., c. 26.

^{page 152 note 3} Courts Decree, 1966 (N.L.C.D. 84), para. 93(2).

^{page 152 note 4} Ollennu, Law of Testate and Intestate Succession in Ghana, chaps. 33 and 34.

^{page 152 note 5} Sarbah, F. C. L. (1897), 85; Rattray, Ashanti 238–239; Danquah 197–198.

^{page 152 note 6} Daniels, “Some principles of the law of trusts in West Africa”, [1962] J.A.L. 164; 171–174; Woodman, “Alienation of family property”, (1964), 1 U.G.L.J. 23, 28; Ollennu, Principles of Customary Land Law in Ghana, 138–139; Ollennu, Law of Testate and Intestate Succession in Ghana, 234.

^{page 152 note 7} (1947), 12 W.A.C.A. 102.

^{page 152 note 8} Osonoware v. Ayiku IV, H. Ct., July 27th, 1962 (unreported).

^{page 153 note 1} Op. cit., 139.

^{page 153 note 2} Op. cit., 236–237.

^{page 153 note 3} Supra.

^{page 153 note 4} H.Ct., July 27th, 1962 (unreported).

^{page 154 note 1} Asumah v. Khair (1959), G.L.R. 353; Yaotey v. Quaye (1961), 2 G.L.R. 573; Elias, The Nature of African Customary Law, 145–146.

^{page 154 note 2} See also Danquah, Akan Laws and Customs, 145–152; Rattray; Elias, Ghana and Sierra Leone, 302; Elias, Nature of African Customary Law, 145–146; Allott, Essays in African Law; Ollennu, Ghana Family (unpublished contribution to UNESCO study of African Law).

^{page 155 note 1} In the Matter of the Marriage Ordinance etc., Sackitey v. Kodziku (1962), 1 G.L.R. 180; Yaotey v. Quaye (supra); Asumah v. Khair (supra); In the Matter of the Marriage Ordinance and In the Matter of Marriage Intended to be had between Thomas Adama Quaye and Beatrice Kuovi—Akoley Allotey, Caveatrix (1931–37) D.Ct. 69; Panin v. Duncan, Sarbah, F.C.L. (1904), 118–119.

^{page 155 note 2} Bosman, Description of the Coast of Guinea, 202; Field, Social Organisation of the Ga People, 54–56.

^{page 155 note 3} Tengey v. Doe (1962), 1 G.L.R. 361; see also Sarbah, Fanti Customary Laws, 1897, 35–36; Field, Social Organisation of the Ga People, 55, 56.

^{page 155 note 4} Field, Social Organisation of the Ga People, 56.

^{page 156 note 1} Aggryba v. Aban, Sarah, F.C.L. (1897) 98.

^{page 156 note 2} Sarbah, Fanti Customary Laws, 44–55; Danquah, Akan Laws and Customs, 165–158; Rattray, Tribes of the Ashanti Hinterland, 258; Nylander, Restatement of the Customary Laws of Tribes of the Northern and Upper Regions (unpublished).

^{page 156 note 3} Cap. 127, 1951.

^{page 156 note 4} Cap. 127, 1951 Rev.

^{page 156 note 5} (1959), G.L.R. 390; [1961] A.C. 481.

^{page 156 note 6} Okoe v. Amkrah (1961), P.C.L.L.G. 245; Ansah v. Sackey (1958), 3 W.A.L.R. 325.

^{page 157 note 1} Poh v. Konamba, 3 W.A.L.R. 74.

^{page 157 note 2} For paternity of a child, see Ollennu, The Law of Testate and Intestate Succession in Ghana, chap. 28.

^{page 157 note 3} Danquah, Akan Laws and Customs, 185–186; Field, Social Organisation of the Ga People, 30.

^{page 157 note 4} Sarbah, Fanti Customary Laws, 1904, 39, 41, 63; Rattray, Ashanti Law and Constitution, 11; Rattray, Tribes of the Ashanti Hinterland, 162–167; Danquah, Akan Laws and Custom, 188–189; Field, Social Organisation of the Ga People, 30; Adjei v. Ripley, 1 W.A.L.R. 62; For fuller discussion of the subject, see Manu v. Kuma, S.Ct., May 27th, 1963 (unreported).

^{page 157 note 5} An Act to Remove Doubts as to the Exercise of Power and Jurisdiction by Her Majesty within divers Countries and Places out of Her Majesty's Dominions, and to render the same more effectual.

^{page 158 note 1} Sarbah, Fanti Customary Laws, 1904, 281, and Hayford, Gold Coast Native Institutions, 367.

^{page 158 note 2} Crooks, Records relating to the Gold Coast Settlements from 1750 to 1874, 284.

^{page 158 note 3} Cap. 4, 1951, s.87(1).

^{page 158 note 4} Cap. 4, 1951.

^{page 158 note 5} Cap. 4, 1951.

^{page 159 note 1} C.A. 4.

^{page 159 note 2} Re-enacting art. 40 of the Constitution, at that time suspended.

^{page 159 note 3} See Courts Ordinance, cap. 4, 1951, s.83.

^{page 159 note 4} See cap. 4, 1951, s.87(1).

^{page 160 note 1} Kwaku v. Addo (1957), 2 W.A.L.R. 300.

^{page 160 note 2} Civ. App. No. 104/68, July 29th, 1969 (unreported).

^{page 160 note 3} Cap. 4, 1951.

^{page 160 note 4} N.L.C.D. 84.

^{page 160 note 5} C.A. 4.

^{page 161 note 1} Quoted in Holden, History of Negotiable Instruments in English Law, 32.

^{page 161 note 2} Art. 126(2).

^{page 161 note 3} Baidoo v. Osei, 3 W.A.L.R. 289. Land aquired for Public Works, (1959), G.L.R. 163;. Nikoi Olai v. Asere Mantse, Privy Council Judgment, July 24th, 1961.

^{page 161 note 4} Manu v. Kuma, S.Ct., May 27th, 1963 (unreported).

^{page 162 note 1} See Redwar, Comments of Some Ordinances of the Gold Coast, 76.

^{page 162 note 2} E.g., Addai v. Bonsu II (1961), G.L.R. 237.

^{page 162 note 3} See Roura & Forgas Ltd. v. British Bata Shoe Co. Ltd., S.Ct., February 29th, 1964 (unreported).

^{page 162 note 4} See Wiapa v. Solomon (1905), Ren. 410.

^{page 162 note 5} Mr Chamberlain's reply to the “Land Bill” Deputation at Downing Street on August 5th, 1898. Hayford, Gold Coast Native Institutions, 224.

^{page 162 note 6} Cap. 136, 1951 Rev.

^{page 163 note 1} Gazette (Extraordinary) No. 8 of 1897; see also Concessions Ordinance, cap. 136, 1951, s.1 3.

^{page 163 note 2} See Ramia Ltd. v. African Woods Ltd., 1 W.A.L.R. 193; see also discussion of the Public Lands Bill, 1897, in Meek, Land Law and Custom in the Colonies, 1946, 170.

^{page 163 note 3} Cap. 147, 1951 Rev.

^{page 163 note 4} Cap. 155, 1951 Rev.

^{page 164 note 1} Cap. 136, 1951.

^{page 164 note 2} Cap. 155, 1951.

^{page 164 note 3} Cap. 134, 1951.

^{page 164 note 4} Cap. 111, 1951.

^{page 164 note 5} Cap. 134, 1951.

^{page 164 note 6} See, for example, Petition of the Aborigines Rights Protection Society, dated September 23rd, 1901, to the Governor, reproduced in Hayford, Gold Coast Native Institutions, 382–388.

^{page 164 note 7} Cap. 138, 1951.

^{page 164 note 8} Proclamation for the Constitution of a National Liberation Council for the Administration of Ghana and for Other Matters connected therewith, para. 2.

^{page 164 note 9} For the present position with regard to compulsory acquisition of land see art. 18(1) of the Constitution, 1969.

^{page 165 note 1} Act 123.

^{page 165 note 2} Act 124.

^{page 165 note 3} Act 125.

^{page 165 note 4} Act 126.

^{page 165 note 5} See Administration of Lands Act, 1962, Act 123, ss.1, 2, 8, 10, and 12.

^{page 165 note 6} See, e.g., Administration of Lands Act, 1962, Act 123, s.8.

^{page 165 note 7} See State Lands Act, 1962, Act 125, s.1.

^{page 165 note 8} Act 126.

^{page 165 note 9} For further discussion of this subject see Enchill, Ghana Land Law, chap. 8; Asante, “Interests in land in the customary law of Ghana”, (1965), 74 The Yale Law Journal 848.

^{page 165 note 10} E.I. 92, made on September 13th, 1967.

^{page 166 note 1} Act 109.

^{page 166 note 2} Act 168.

^{page 166 note 3} Act 109.

^{page 166 note 4} For discussion of the Abusa and Abunu tenancies, see Sarbah, Fanti Customary Laws, 65–68; Danquah, Akan Laws and Customs, 202; Ollennu, Principles of Customary Land Law in Ghana, 87; Enchill, Ghana Land Law, 391, 397–399.

^{page 166 note 5} Cap. 136.

^{page 166 note 6} Act 124.

^{page 166 note 7} Act 126.

^{page 166 note 8} Cap. 136.

^{page 166 note 9} See the Concessions Ordinance, cap. 136, s.13(4).

^{page 166 note 10} Act 124.

^{page 167 note 1} L.I. 382.

^{page 167 note 2} L.I. 382.

^{page 167 note 3} Act 109.

^{page 167 note 4} Act 122.

^{page 167 note 5} Cap. 133.

^{page 167 note 6} Cap. 127, 1951.

^{page 167 note 7} Cap. 129, 1951.

^{page 167 note 8} Cap. 127, 1951.

^{page 167 note 9} The Marriage Ordinance, cap. 127, 1951, s.48; see also Coleman v. Shang (1959,) G.L.R. 300; (1961) A.C. 481; Yaotey v. Quaye (1961), H.Ct. (unreported).

^{page 167 note 10} Cap. 127, 1951.

^{page 167 note 11} Cap. 129, 1951.

^{page 168 note 1} Cap. 4, 1951 Rev.

^{page 168 note 2} C.A. 9.

^{page 168 note 3} N.L.C.D. 84.

^{page 168 note 4} Cap. 127, 1951 Rev.

^{page 168 note 5} See Ashong v. Ashong. C.A., March 13th, 1967 (unreported) where the matter is fully discussed.

^{page 168 note 6} Cap. 129, 1951 Rev.

^{page 169 note 1} See Bills on Marriage, Divorce and Inheritance, dated January 30th, 1963, and June 13th, 1963.

^{page 169 note 2} N.L.C.D. 84, para. 93(2).

^{page 169 note 3} Redwar, Comments on Some Ordinances of the Gold Coast, 10–15. Manu v. Kuma, S.Ct., May 27th, 1963 (unreported).

^{page 169 note 4} Supra.

^{page 170 note 1} Gold Coast Gazette, 1927, 252–256.

^{page 170 note 2} Act 2, ss.1 and 2.

^{page 170 note 3} Act 107, ss.1 and 2.

^{page 170 note 4} Act 2.

^{page 170 note 5} Emphasis supplied.

^{page 170 note 6} Act 107.

^{page 171 note 1} Act 176.

^{page 171 note 2} N.L.C.D. 322.

^{page 171 note 3} Act 55.

^{page 171 note 4} Cap. 195, 1951 Rev.

^{page 171 note 5} Act 153.

^{page 171 note 6} Act 170.

^{page 171 note 7} Act 137.

^{page 171 note 8} Act 25.

^{page 171 note 9} Act 52.

^{page 171 note 10} Act 55.

^{page 171 note 11} Cap. 195, 1951 Rev.

^{page 172 note 1} Act 153.

^{page 172 note 2} Memoranda on Acts of the Republic of Ghana, vol. 1, 145.

^{page 172 note 3} See Insolvency Commission, Draft Proposals of the Commissioners appointed to inquire into the Insolvency Law of Ghana, 1961, 5.

^{page 172 note 4} Act 179.

^{page 173 note 1} Memoranda on Acts of the Republic of Ghana, vol. 1, 182.

^{page 173 note 2} Act 152.

^{page 173 note 3} Act 137.

^{page 173 note 4} See Memoranda on Acts of the Republic of Ghana, vol. I, 123.

^{page 173 note 5} Act 25.

^{page 173 note 6} See Memoranda on Acts of the Republic of Ghana, vol. I, 35.

^{page 173 note 7} See cap. 3, supra.

^{page 173 note 8} See Ollennu, Principles of Customary Land Law in Ghana, chap.7; Woodman, “Developments in pledges of land in Ghanaian customary law”, [1967] J.A.L. 8; and cap. 3; supra.

^{page 173 note 9} Cap. 175, 1951 Rev.

^{page 174 note 1} See Amusu v. Penuku, H.Ct., June 3rd, 1952 (unreported); Buckle v. Bassil, C.A., April 24th, 1967, 1967 3 ALR Comm. 386.

^{page 174 note 2} Gbevlo v. Awuku, L.Ct., July 1st, 1947 (unreported); Darko v. Arbore, H.Ct., April 12th, 1961 (unreported); Sakoe v. Ahoe, L.Ct., August 22nd, 1961 (unreported); Dapaah v. Poku, P.C.L.L.G. 173; Amusu v. Penuku (supra)

^{page 174 note 3} The judgment in this case was set aside on appeal on the grounds that the transaction was not a money-lending transaction.

^{page 174 note 4} See Criminal Procedure Code, 1960, Act 30, ss.204, 242–245, and see The State v. Boahene S.Ct., April 15th, 1965 (unreported).

^{page 175 note 1} Act 29.

^{page 175 note 2} Criminal Code, 1960, Act 29.

^{page 175 note 3} Criminal Code, 1960, Act 29, s. 120.

^{page 175 note 4} Section 1.

^{page 175 note 5} (1956), 2 W.A.L.R. 562.

^{page 175 note 6} See “Reform of law of larceny: an urgent task”, (1958) M.L.R. 43.

^{page 175 note 7} Act 29.

^{page 175 note 8} Act 30.

^{page 175 note 9} See articles by Amissah, D.P.P., now J.A. “The recent judicial attitude to criminal justice in Ghana”, and Sowah, J., “C.O.P. v. Akowuah—a miscarriage of justice”, (1965), 2 U.G.L.J. 84, 130.

^{page 175 note 10} See The State v. Boahene (supra).

^{page 176 note 1} There are a number of English statutes which have been repealed, or substantially amended, since 1874, and 1884, but which are still in force in Ghana.

^{page 176 note 2} Act 179.

^{page 176 note 3} Appointed August 25th, 1958; the final report of the Commissioner is dated April 6th, 1961.

^{page 176 note 4} Cap. 193, 1951 Rev.

^{page 177 note 1} See N.L.C.D. 38, para. 3.

^{page 177 note 2} See N.L.C.D. 188, para. 9.

^{page 178 note 1} For further discussion of law reform in England, see (1961) 24 The Modern Law Review, special number.

^{page 178 note 2} Now re-enacted by the Courts Decree, 1966, N.L.C.D. 84, para. 2(3).

^{page 178 note 3} Logo v. Davordzi, June 13th, 1966.

^{page 178 note 4} Ollennu, “Judicial precedent in Ghana”, (1963) 3 U.G.L.J. 139, at page 161.

^{page 178 note 5} Practice statement, H.L.(E) [1966], 1 W.L.R. 1234.