¹ Abir, M., ‘Trade and politics in the Ethiopian region, 1830–1855’ (1965), subsequently published as Ethiopia: The Era of the Princes. The Challenge of Islam and the Re-unification of the Christian Empire 1769–1855 (London, 1968);Google ScholarCaulk, R., ‘The origins and development of the foreign policy of Menelik II, 1865–1896’ (1966)Google Scholar; Crummey, D., ‘European religious missions in Ethiopia, 1830–1868’ (1967)Google Scholar, subsequently published as Priests and Politicians. Protestant and Catholic Missions in Orthodox Ethiopia 1830–1868 (Oxford, 1972)Google Scholar; Darkwah, R., ‘The rise of the Kingdom of Shoa 1813–1889’ (1966), subsequently published as Shewa, Menilek and the Ethiopian Empire 1813–1889 (London, 1975).Google Scholar See also in the same period and vein: Marcus, H. G., ‘Britain and Ethiopia, 1896 to 1914: A study of diplomatic’ relations (Ph.D. dissertation, Boston University, 1964).Google Scholar

² Tamrat, Taddesse, ‘Church and state in Ethiopia 1270–1527’ (1968), subsequently published as Church and State in Ethiopia 1270–1527 (Oxford, 1972).Google Scholar

³ Aregay, Merid Wolde, ‘Southern Ethiopia and the Christian Kingdom 1508–1708, with special reference to the Galla migrations and their consequences’ (1971).Google Scholar

⁴ London, Stockholm and Addis Ababa, 1976.

⁵ See here also Rubenson's, earlier work, King of Kings. Tewodros of Ethiopia (Addis Ababa and Nairobi, 1966).Google Scholar

⁶ Other books in a similar vein to Survival were: Marcus, H. G., The Life and Times of Menelik II. Ethiopia 1844–1913 (Oxford, 1973);Google Scholar and Gabre-Sallassie, Zewde, Yohannes IV of Ethiopia. A Political Biography (Oxford, 1975).Google Scholar

⁷ Richard Caulk was a leader in incorporating original Amharic materials, primarily written but also oral, into his work: ‘Religion and the state in nineteenth-century Ethiopia’, J. Ethiopian Studies, x, 1 (1972), 23–41Google Scholar; and ‘Armies as Predators: Soldiers and Peasants in Ethiopia c 1850–1935’, Int. J. Afr. Hist. Studies, XI, 3 (1978), 457–93.Google Scholar

⁸ But see, as an exception, Sbacchi, A., ‘Italian colonialism in Ethiopia, 1936–1940’ (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1975)Google Scholar, published as Ethiopia Under Mussolini. Fascism and the Colonial Experience (London, 1985);Google Scholar also idem, ‘Ethiopian opposition to Italian Rule, 1936–1940’, pp. 583–99 in Proc. Fifth Int. Conference (Session B). See also Erlich, Haggai, ‘Tigrean politics 1930–1935 and the approaching Italo-Ethiopian war’, pp. 101–31Google Scholar in Proc. Sixth Int. Conference; Mockler, A., Haile Selassie's War: The Italian—Ethiopian Campaign, 1935–1941 (Oxford and New York, 1984);Google Scholar and Glover, M., An Improvised War. The Ethiopian Campaign 1940–1941 (London/New York, 1987).Google Scholar

⁹ McCann, James, From Poverty to Famine in Northeast Ethiopia. A Rural History 1900–1935 (Philadelphia, 1987)CrossRefGoogle Scholar, and his article ‘A Dura revolution’ in this issue.

¹⁰ McCann grounds his account of agricultural production in the anthropological literature, especially the work of Hoben, A., Land Tenure Among the Amhara of Ethiopia. The Dynamics of Cognatic Descent (Chicago/London: 1973).Google Scholar See also Bauer, D., Household and Society in Ethiopia. An Economic and Social Analysis of Tigray; Social Principles and Household Organization (East Lansing, 1977).Google Scholar

¹¹ Pankhurst, Richard, State and Land in Ethiopian History (Addis Ababa, 1966).Google Scholar

¹² Mantel-Niecko, J., The Role of Land Tenure in the System of Ethiopian Imperial Government in Modern Times (Warsaw, 1980);Google ScholarEge, S., ‘Chiefs and peasants: the sociopolitical structure of the Kingdom of Shäwa about 1840’ (Hovedoppgave dissertation, 2 vols., University of Bergen, 1978).Google Scholar

¹³ Crummey, Donald, ‘Gondarine Rim land sales: an introductory description and analysis,’ pp. 469–79Google Scholar in Proc. Fifth Int. Conference (Session B); ‘Family and property amongst the Amhara nobility’, J. Afr. Hist., XXIV, 2 (1983), 207–20Google Scholar; and idem, ‘Three Amharic documents of marriage and inheritance from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries’, pp. 315–27 in vol. 1, Proc. Eighth Int. Conference. See also Pankhurst, R., ‘An eighteenth-century Ethiopian dynastic marriage contract between Empress Mentewwab of Gondar and Ras Mika'el Sehul of Tigre’, Bulletin of S.O.A.S., xlii, 3 (1979), 457–66.Google Scholar

¹⁴ National Endowment for the Humanities, Research Division, Interpretive Research Projects, Grant No. RO-21457–87, ‘A History of Ethiopian Land Tenure and its Social Context.’

¹⁵ See, for example, Donald Crummey and Shumet Sishagne, ‘The lands of the Church of Däbrä S'ähay Qwesqwam, Gondär’, paper presented to the Tenth International Conference of Ethiopian Studies, Paris, 1988, and forthcoming in the conference proceedings.

¹⁶ Proceedings of the Third Annual Seminar of the Department of History (Addis Ababa: Addis Ababa University, 1986).Google Scholar

¹⁷ Aregay, Merid W., ‘Land tenure and agricultural productivity 1500–1850’, pp. 115–29Google Scholar in Proceedings.

¹⁸ Aregay, Merid W., ‘Society and technology in Ethiopia: 1500–1800’, J. Ethiopian Studies, XVII (1984), 127–47.Google Scholar How well these arguments sit with the materials being generated by the NEH project remains to be seen.

¹⁹ Ali, Asnake, ‘The condition of the peasantry in Wallo, 1917–1935: a review of the traditions’, pp. 1–7Google Scholar; Ayana, Daniel, ‘Coffee and food crop production for self-sufficiency: the case of W. Wollega, an outline’, pp. 47–56Google Scholar; Gemeda, Guluma, ‘Some notes on food crop and coffee cultivation in Jimma and Limmu Awrajas, Kafa administrative region (1950s to 1970s)’, pp. 91–102Google Scholar; Selassie, Teclehaimanot G., ‘Wayto response to food shortages’, pp. 161–4Google Scholar; Sishagne, Shumet, ‘The economic basis of conflict among the Nuer and Anuak communities’, pp. 131–44Google Scholar; Mariam, Tekalign W., ‘Land, trade and political power among the Oromo of Gibe region, a hypothesis’, pp. 145–59.Google Scholar In a related, but slightly different vein, see also Taddia, Irma, ‘The land tenure system in the Eritrean highlands according to European colonial sources’, pp. 299–308Google Scholar in vol. II, Proc. Eighth Int. Conference.

²⁰ See, for example, Clay, Jason W. and Holcomb, Bonnie K., Politics and the Ethiopian Famine 1984–1985 (Cambridge, MA, 1986);Google ScholarKaplan, Robert D., Surrender or Starve. The Wars behind the Famine (Boulder, CO, 1988);Google ScholarClarke, John, Resettlement and Rehabilitation. Ethiopia's Campaign Against Famine (London, n.d.).Google Scholar In a less polemical vein: Jansson, K., Harris, M., Penrose, A., The Ethiopian Famine (London, 1987);Google Scholar and Northeast African Studies, IX, 2 (1987)Google Scholar, a special issue directed to issues of famine and food security.

²¹ Pankhurst's, R. much cited ‘The great Ethiopian famine of 1888–1892: a new assessment’, J. Hist. Medicine and Allied Sciences, XXI (1966), 95–124, 271–94CrossRefGoogle Scholar, remains one of the few historical treatments, recently joined by Ahmed, Abdussamad H., ‘Peasant conditions in Gojjarn during the great famine 1888–1892’, J. Ethiopian Studies, XX (1987), 1–18.Google Scholar

²² Mariam, Mesfin W., Rural Vulnerability to Famine in Ethiopia 1958–1977 (New Delhi: Vikas Publishing House, 1984);Google Scholar see also idem, ‘Vulnerability to famine in rural Ethiopia 1958–1977’, pp. 511–21 in Proc. Seventh Int. Conference.

²³ ‘History, drought and reproduction: dynamics of society and ecology in northeast Ethiopia’, pp. 283–303 in Johnson, Douglas and Anderson, David (eds.), The Ecology of Survival. Case Studies from Northeast African History (London/Boulder, 1988).Google Scholar In the same volume see also Turton, David, ‘Looking for a cool place: the Mursi, 1890s to 1980s’, pp. 261–82Google Scholar; and McCann, 's ‘The social impact of drought in Ethiopia: oxen, households, and some implications for rehabilitation’, pp. 245–67Google Scholar in Glantz, Michael H. (ed.), Drought and Hunger in Africa: Denying Famine a Future (Cambridge, 1987).Google Scholar

²⁴ For example, Rahmato, Dessalegn, ‘Aspects of peasant survival strategies in Northeast Ethiopia’, pp. 97–124Google Scholar in Ege, S. (ed.), Development in Ethiopia. Proceedings from a Conference at the University of Trondheim, 9–10 March 1987 (Dragvoll, 1988);Google Scholar and Adhana, Adhana Haile, ‘Peasant response to famine in Ethiopia, 1975–1985’, J. Ethiopian Studies, XXI (1988), 1–56;Google Scholar a revised version of his precocious B.A. thesis of 1987. John Iliffe has recently addressed some of the issues involved here in an essay which provides rich and stimulating food for students of Ethiopian history: The African Poor. A History (Cambridge, 1987), ch. 2.Google Scholar

²⁵ Garretson, P., ‘A history of Addis Ababa from its foundation in 1886 to 1910’ (Ph.D. thesis, University of London, 1974).Google Scholar

²⁶ Pankhurst, Richard, History of Ethiopian Towns from the Middle Ages to the Early Nineteenth Century (Wiesbaden, 1982)Google Scholar; idem, History of Ethiopian Towns from the Mid-Nineteenth Century to 1935 (Wiesbaden, 1985).Google Scholar

²⁷ Zekaria, Ahmed, Zewde, Bahru and Beyene, Taddese (eds.), Proceedings of the International Symposium on the Centenary of Addis Ababa, November 24–25, 1986 (Addis Ababa: Institute of Ethiopian Studies, AAU, 1987).Google Scholar

²⁸ Seyoum, Seletene, ‘A history of Baher Dar town: 1936–1974’ (M.A. thesis, AAU 1988)Google Scholar; Zewde, Bahru, ‘Gondar in the early twentieth century: a preliminary investigation of a 1930/31 census’, J. Ethiopian Studies, XXI (1988), 57–81Google Scholar; Tesema Ta'a, ‘The process of urbanization in Welega, Western Ethiopia: the case of Nekemte’ (History Dept. paper, AAU); Getahun, Benti, ‘A history of Shashemene: from its foundation to 1974’ (M.A. thesis, AAU, 1988)Google Scholar; and Eshete, Tebebe, ‘A history of Jijiga town from 1891 to 1984’ (M.A. thesis, AAU, 1988).Google Scholar

²⁹ Caulk, Richard, ‘Ethiopia and the Horn’, in Roberts, A. D. (ed.), Cambridge History of Africa, VII 1905–1940 (Cambridge, 1986), 702–41Google Scholar; see also the bibliographical essay, pp. 866–71.

³⁰ Marcus, Harold G., Haile Sellassie I. The Formative Years, 1892–1936 (Berkeley/Los Angeles/London, 1987)Google Scholar; and idem, Ethiopia, Great Britain, and the United States 1941–1974. The Politics of Empire (Berkeley/Los Angeles/London, 1983).Google Scholar

³¹ The interdisciplinary journal Northeast African Studies, and a monograph series which has produced almost twenty items, some of them outstanding: Erlich, Haggai, Ethiopia and Eritrea During the Scramble for Africa: A Political Biography of Ras Alula, 1875–1897 (East Lansing, MI, 1982)Google Scholar; and the prize-winner by Shelemay, Kay Kaufman, Music, Ritual, and Falasha History (East Lansing, MI, 1986).Google Scholar

³² ‘Economic origins of the absolutist state in Ethiopia (1916–1935)’, Ethiopian Studies, xvii (1984), 1–29.Google Scholar See also idem, ‘Some aspects of post-liberation Ethiopia (1941–1950)’, pp. 277–89 in vol. 1, Proc. Eighth Int. Conference.

³³ Dessalegn Rahmato argues that the relevant comparative context is that of ‘modernday post-colonial states’ rather than ‘post-medieval monarchies of either western or eastern Europe’: ‘Political power and social formation in Ethiopia under the Old Regime: notes on Marxist theory’, pp. 463–78 in vol. 1, Proc. Eighth Int. Conference.

³⁴ For a graphic account of the avarice of Haile Sallassie, and for many other insights into the workings of the Ethiopian state and the formation of its foreign policy, see Spencer, John H., Ethiopia at Bay: A Personal Account of the Haile Sellassie Years (Algonac, MI, 1987).Google Scholar

³⁵ Shiferaw Bekele has contributed to the general issues involved here with studies of the Addis Ababa—Jibouti railroad, which emphasize the political consequences of the designs which international capital had on Ethiopia: ‘The railway, trade and politics: a historical survey, 1896–1935’ (M.A. thesis, AAU, 1982)Google Scholar; idem, ‘Some notes on the genesis and interpretation of the tripartite treaty’, J. Ethiopian Studies, XVIII (1985), 63–79.

³⁶ Pankhurst's best-known work is his Economic History of Ethiopia 1800–1935 (Addis Ababa, 1968)Google Scholar, which, for all its redundancies, confusions, and errors remains a point of departure for many important issues. Abir's first monograph, Ethiopia: The Era of the Princes, was very much in the S.O.A.S. ‘trade and politics’ mode of the late 1960s and early 1970s.

³⁷ Marcus, , Haile Sellassie, 49Google Scholar; Edwards, Jon, ‘Slavery, the slave trade, and the economic reorganization of Ethiopia, 1916–1935’, African Economic History, XI (1982), 3–14CrossRefGoogle Scholar; McCann, J., ‘“Children of the House”: slavery and its suppression in Lasta, Northern Ethiopia, 1916–1975’, pp. 332–59Google Scholar in Miers, S. and Roberts, R. (eds.), The End of Slavery in Africa (Madison, 1988).Google Scholar

³⁸ Mariam, Tekalign Wolde, ‘The slave trade in the economy of Jimma’, pp. 309–18Google Scholar in vol. II, Proc. Eighth Int. Conference; idem, ‘Slavery and the slave trade in the kingdom of Jimma (ca. 1800–1935)’ (M.A. thesis, AAU, 1984);Google ScholarFernyhough, Timothy D., ‘Serfs, slaves and Shefta: modes of production in Southern Ethiopia from the late nineteenth century to 1941’ (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, 1986);Google Scholar and Ahmad, Abdussamad H., ‘Gojjam: trade, early merchant capital and the world economy 1901–1935’ (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, 1986).Google Scholar

³⁹ Hiwet, Addis, Ethiopia: From Autocracy to Revolution (London, 1975), 68–77;Google ScholarCaulk, R., ‘Dependency, Gebre Hey wet Baykedagn, and the birth of Ethiopian reformism’, pp. 569–81Google Scholar in Proc. Fifth Int. Conference (Session B); and Bahru Zewde, ‘Economic origins’.

⁴⁰ Taddia, I., ‘Un Intellettuale Tigrino nell'Etiopia di Menelik: Blatta Gäbrä Egzi'abeher Gilay 1860–1914’, Africa, xliii, 4 (Rome, 1988), 574–602Google Scholar; Negash, Tekeste, ‘Blatta Gebre Egziabeher Gila Mariam and his works: a sketch towards a political biography of a nationalist’, pp. 1–21Google Scholar in his collection No Medicine for the Bite of a White Snake: Notes on Nationalism and Resistance in Eritrea, 1890–1940 (Uppsala, 1986).Google Scholar Randi Balsvik has extended the story in the opposite direction with her account of Haile Sellassie's Students (East Lansing, MI, 1985).Google Scholar

⁴¹ David, and Ottaway, Marina, Ethiopia. Empire in Revolution (London and New York, 1978);Google ScholarMarkakis, J. and Ayele, Nega, Class and Revolution in Ethiopia (Nottingham, 1978)Google Scholar; Halliday, F. and Molyneux, M., The Ethiopian Revolution (London, 1981);Google Scholar and Lefort, R., Ethiopia: An Heretical Revolution? (London, 1983).Google Scholar

⁴² Clapham, Christopher, Transformation and Continuity in Revolutionary Ethiopia (Cambridge, 1988);Google ScholarHarbeson, John W., The Ethiopian Transformation. The Quest for the Post-Imperial State (Boulder, 1988);Google ScholarKeller, Edmond J., Revolutionary Ethiopia (Bloomington, IN, 1988);Google Scholar and Markakis, John, National and Class Conflict in the Horn of Africa (Cambridge, 1987).Google Scholar

⁴³ See his Haile Sellassie's Government (London, 1969)Google Scholar which had done the same thing, nineteen years earlier.

⁴⁴ Markakis also benefited, as had Clapham, although this time more indirectly, by his long association with the Horn. See his Ethiopia. Anatomy of a Traditional Polity (Oxford, 1974).Google Scholar

⁴⁵ Hobsbawm, E. J., Bandits (second ed., Harmondsworth, , 1981), Preface.Google Scholar

⁴⁶ Caulk, R. A., ‘Bad men of the borders: Shum and Shefta in Northern Ethiopia in the nineteenth century’, Int. J. Afr. Hist. Studies, XVII, 2 (1984), 201–27CrossRefGoogle Scholar; distinct recension at pp. 39–104 of Zewde, Bahru (ed.), Proceedings of the Second Annual Seminar of the Department of History (AAU) (Addis Ababa: 2 vols., 1984).Google Scholar See also Crummey, D., ‘Banditry and resistance: noble and peasant in nineteenth-century Ethiopia’ (pp. 133–49)Google Scholar; Fernyhough, T., ‘Social mobility and dissident elites in northern Ethiopia: the role of banditry, 1900–69’ (pp. 151–72)Google Scholar; and Caulk, R., ‘“Black snake, white snake”: Bahta Hagos and his revolt against Italian overrule in Eritrea; 1894’ (pp. 293–309)Google Scholar in Crummey, D. (ed.), Banditry, Rebellion and Social Protest in Africa (London, 1986).Google Scholar Merid Wolde Aregay has discussed unrest at an earlier period: ‘Millenarian traditions and peasant movements in Ethiopia 1500–1855’, pp. 257–62 in Proc. Seventh Int. Conference.

⁴⁷ In his ‘Rural protest in Ethiopia, 1941–1970: a study of three rebellions’ (Ph.D. thesis, Syracuse University, 1977)Google Scholar, now reworked into a manuscript entitled ‘Ethiopia: power and protest. Peasant revolts in the twentieth century’. Some of Gebru's material was published as: ‘Peasant resistance in Ethiopia: the case of Weyane’, J. Afr. Hist., xxv (1984), 77–92.Google Scholar He extends his argument in ‘Preliminary history of resistance in Tigrai (Ethiopia)’, Africa, XXXIX, 2 (Rome, 1984), 201–26.Google Scholar

⁴⁸ Selassie, Bereket Habte is the most senior Eritrean to publish, but his book is disappointingly thin: Conflict and Intervention in the Horn of Africa (New York and London, 1980).Google ScholarSherman, Richard provides a reasonable outline from the Eritrean perspective: Eritrea. The Unfinished Revolution (New York, 1980).Google Scholar The reader will find the main issues addressed in Davidson, B., Cliffe, L., and Selassie, Bereket H. (eds.), Behind the War in Eritrea (Nottingham, 1980).Google Scholar None of these contributions rivals, in their solidity, Trevaskis's, G. K. N.Eritrea: A Colony in Transition (London, 1960).Google Scholar

⁴⁹ Ellingson, L., ‘The origins and development of the Eritrean liberation movement’ pp. 613–28Google Scholar in Proc. Fifth Int. Conference (Session B) and ‘The Emergence of Political Parties in Eritrea, 1941–1950’, J. Afr. Hist., XVIII, 2 (1977), 261–82.Google Scholar

⁵⁰ Taddia, Irma, L'Eritrea—Colonia 1890–1952. Paesaggi, strutture, uomini del colonial-ismo (Milan, 1986).Google Scholar See also Tekeste Negash's collection of essays, No Medicine; and the published version of his Uppsala Ph.D. thesis: Italian Colonialism in Eritrea, 1882–1941: Policies, Praxis and Impact (Uppsala, 1987).Google Scholar

⁵¹ See also her earlier studies of Italian land policy and of private investment: ‘Sulla politica della terra nella Colonia Eritrea’, Rivista di storia contemporanea, 1 (1984), 42–78Google Scholar; and ‘Intervento pubblico e capitale privato nella Coloniale Eritrea’, Ibid., 11 (1985), 207–42.

⁵² Sishagne, Shumet, ‘Power struggle in the Eritrean secessionist movement’ (M.A. dissertation, AAU, 1984).Google Scholar See also idem, ‘Notes on the background to the Eritrean problem (early 1950s to the 1960s)’, pp. 180–213 in Proceedings of the Second Annual Seminar; and ‘The genesis of the differences in the Eritrean secessionist movement (1960–1970)’, pp. 447–67Google Scholar in vol. 11, Proc. Eighth Int. Conference.

⁵³ Gebre-Medhin, Jordan, Peasants and Nationalism in Eritrea (Trenton, NJ, 1989).Google Scholar See also Medhanie's, TesfatsionEritrea. Dynamics of a National Question (Amsterdam, 1986)Google Scholar, which, although critical of both the Eritrean liberation movement and of the Ethiopian government, adopts an Ethiopian national position.

⁵⁴ Killion, Thomas C., ‘Workers, capital and the state in the Ethiopian region 1919–1974’ (Ph.D. dissertation, Stanford University, 1986).Google Scholar

⁵⁵ H. Erlich, Ethiopia and Eritrea (cited in n. 31). See also idem, Ethiopia and the Challenge of Independence (Boulder, 1986).

⁵⁶ Beyene, Taddese, Tamrat, Taddesse, and Pankhurst, R. (eds.), The Centenary of Dogali. Proceedings of the International Symposium, Addis Ababa—Asmara, January 24–25, 1987 (Addis Ababa, 1988).Google Scholar

⁵⁷ Donham, Donald and James, Wendy (eds.), The Southern Marches of Imperial Ethiopia. Essays in History and Social Anthropology (Cambridge, 1986).Google Scholar

⁵⁸ See also Garretson's earlier ‘Manjil Hamdan Abu Shok (1898–1938) and the administration of Gubba’, pp. 197–210 in Proc. Fifth Int. Conference (Session A).

⁵⁹ Triulzi, A., ‘Nekemte and Addis Ababa: Dilemmas of provincial rule’, pp. 51–68.Google Scholar

⁶⁰ Triulzi, A., Salt, Gold and Legitimacy. Prelude to the history of a No-man's Land. Bela Shangul, Wallagga, Ethiopia (ca. 1800–1898) (Naples, 1981).Google Scholar See also Triulzl's, earlier ‘Social protest and rebellion in some Gäbbar songs from Qélläm, Wällägga’, pp. 177–96Google Scholar in Proc. Fifth Int. Conference (Session A); and ‘Center-periphery relations in Ethiopian studies: reflections on ten years of research on Wellega history’, pp. 359–63 in Proc. Seventh Int. Conference.

⁶¹ McClellan, Charles W., ‘Coffee in centre-periphery relations: Gedeo in the early twentieth century’, pp. 175–95Google Scholar; idem, State Transformation and National Integration: Gedeo and the Ethiopian Empire, 1895–1935 (East Lansing, MI, 1988); and ‘The Ethiopian occupation of northern Sidamo—recruitment and motivation’, pp. 513–23 in Proc. Fifth Int. Conference (Session B).

⁶² Others have also contributed recently to the histories of southern peoples, notably Ulrich Braukämper and Werner Lange, who build on the tradition of Kulturgeschichte: Braukämper, U., Geschichte der Hadiya Süd-Athiopiens von den Anfängen bis zur Revolution 1974 (Wiesbaden, 1980);Google Scholar and Die Kambata (Wiesbaden, 1983).Google Scholar Lange has substituted a sometimes vulgar marxism for Kulturgeschichte, but it does not wholly vitiate the substantial work he has done on the Käfa region: Gimira (remnants of a vanishing culture), his Ph.D. dissertation at the Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt-am-Main, 1975; and idem, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden, 1982).Google Scholar

⁶³ Tamrat, Taddesse, ‘Processes of ethnic interaction and integration in Ethiopian history: the case of the Agaw’, J. Afr. Hist, XXXIX, 1 (1988), 5–18CrossRefGoogle Scholar; idem, ‘Ethnic interaction and integration in Ethiopian history: the case of the Gafat’, J. Ethiopian Studies, XXI (1988), 121–54.Google Scholar One of Taddesse's junior colleagues, Tecle Haimanot Gebre Selassie, has done an ethnohistorical study of a hunting—gathering people who live by T'ana, Lake: ‘The Wayto of Lake Tana: an ethno-history’ (M.A. thesis, AAU, 1984).Google Scholar See also Haimanot's, Tecle ‘YäGumare Särg: initiation ceremony among the Wayto of Lake Tana’, pp. 234–43Google Scholar in Proceedings of the Second Annual Seminar.

⁶⁴ Quirin, James ‘The Beta Israel (Felasha) in Ethiopian History: caste formation and culture change, 1270–1868’ (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Minnesota, 1977)Google Scholar; idem, ‘The process of caste formation in Ethiopia: a study of the Beta Israel (Felasha), 1270–1868’, Int. J. Afr. Hist. Studies, XII, 2 (1979), 235–58. See also Kessler, David, The Falashas. The Forgotten Jews of Ethiopia (London and New York, 1982);Google Scholar and Hess, Robert, ‘An outline of Falasha history’, pp. 99–112Google Scholar in vol. 1, Proc. Third Int. Conference.

⁶⁵ Kaplan, Steven, ‘A brief history of the Beta Israel,’ pp. 11–29Google Scholar in The Jews of Ethiopia. A People in Transition (Tel Aviv/New York, 1986).Google Scholar Both Kaplan and Quirin draw on the work of Kay Shelemay: see above, footnote 31; also her contribution to The Jews of Ethiopia: ‘The Beta Israel in twentieth-century Ethiopia’ (pp. 40–9).

⁶⁶ Hassen, Mohammed, ‘The Oromo of Ethiopia, 1500–1850: with special emphasis on the Gibe region’ (Ph.D. thesis, University of London, 1983).Google Scholar

⁶⁷ Gidada, Negaso, ‘History of the Sayyoo Oromoo of Southwestern Wallaga, Ethiopia, from about 1730 to 1886’ (Ph D. dissertation, Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt-am-Main, 1984).Google Scholar

⁶⁸ Ta'a, Tesema, ‘The Oromo of Wollega: a historical survey up to 1910’ (M.A. thesis, AAU, 1980Google Scholar); idem, ‘The political economy of Western Central Ethiopia: from the mid-16th to the early 20th centuries’ (Ph.D. dissertation, Michigan State University, 1986).

⁶⁹ Gemeda, Guluma, ‘Gomma and Limmu: the process of state formation among the Oromo in the Gibe region, c. 1795–1889’, unpublished M.A. thesis, AAU, 1984Google Scholar; idem, ‘The process of state formation in the Gibe region: the case of Gomma and Jimma’, pp. 129–52 in Proceedings of the Second Annual Seminar; and idem,’ Markets, local traders and long-distance merchants in southwestern Ethiopia during the nineteenth century’, pp. 375–89 in vol. II, Proc. Eighth Int. Conference. See also Tekalign Wolde Mariam, works as cited above, note 38; and idem, ‘Some patterns of slave acquisition in the kingdom of Jimma Abba Jiffar (c 1875–1932)’, pp. 214–33 in Proceedings of the Second Annual Seminar.

⁷⁰ Daniel Ayana, ‘Protestant missions in Wollaga: a study of the activities of the missions and the local converts 1898–1935’ (M.A. thesis, AAU, 1984); idem, ‘The concept of Waaqa and the missionaries: a preliminary study in the grafting of Christianity on a traditional belief in Wollega’, pp. 105–28 in Proceedings of the Second Annual Seminar; and idem, ‘Some notes on the role of village schools in grafting Protestantism in Wollega: 1898–1935’, pp. 329–36 in vol. 1, Proc. Eighth Int. Conference.

⁷¹ Tafla, Bairu (ed.), A Chronicle of Emperor Yohannes IV (1872–89) (Wiesbaden, 1977).Google Scholar

⁷² Tafla, Bairu (ed.), Ethiopia and Germany. Cultural, Political and Economic Relations, 1871–1936 (Wiesbaden, 1981).Google Scholar

⁷³ Tafla, Bairu, Asma Giyorgis and his work. History of the Galla and the kingdom of Sawa (Stuttgart, 1987).Google Scholar Bairu's textual editions benefited from his command of the sources, which, in turn, rested on his earlier career as historian of the later nineteenth-century nobility and literati. See his articles in the J. Ethiopian Studies: ‘Three portraits: Ato Asmä Giyorgis, Ras Gobäna Daci and Sähafé Tezaz Gäbrä Selassé’, v, 2 (1967), 133–50Google Scholar; ‘Four Ethiopian biographies: Däjjazmac Gärmamé, Däjjazmac Gäbrä-Egzl'abehér Moroda, Däjjazmac Balca and Käntiba Gäbru Dästa’, VII, 2 (1969), 1–31Google Scholar; ‘Two of the last provincial kings of Ethiopia’, XI, 1 (1973), 29–55Google Scholar; ‘Some aspects of land-tenure and taxation in Sälalé under Ras Dargé 1871–1900’, XII, 2 (1974), 1–9Google Scholar; and ‘Ras Dargé Sahlä Selassé, c. 1827–1900’, XIII, 2 (1975), 17–37.Google Scholar

⁷⁴ Haile, Getatchew, A Catalogue of Ethiopian Manuscripts Microfilmed for the Ethiopian Manuscript Microfilm Library, Addis Ababa, and for the Hill Monastic Manuscript Library, Collegeville, vol. IV: Project Numbers 1101–1500 (Collegeville, MN, 1979)Google Scholar. The most recent volume is IX: Project Numbers 3501–4000 (Collegeville, 1987).Google Scholar William F. Macomber started the cataloguing and has continued to play an important part in the project.

⁷⁵ See, for example: ‘The homily of Ase Zär'a Ya'eqob of Ethiopia in honour of Saturday’, Orientalia Lovaniensia Periodica, XIII (1982), 185–231Google Scholar; ‘A new look at some dates of early Ethiopia history’, Le Muséon, XCV, 3–4 (1982), 311–22Google Scholar; ‘Inside the royal confinement’, Northeast African Studies, IV 1 (1982), 19–52Google Scholar; ‘Documents on the history of Asé Dawit (1382–1413)’, J. Ethiopian Studies, XVI (1983), 25–35Google Scholar; ‘The end of a deserter of the established church of Ethiopia’, pp. 193–203, and ‘Materials on the theology of Qeb'at or unction’, pp. 205–50 in Proc. Sixth Int. Conference; ‘Ethiopian, Christian captives in the territory of the Arämi’, pp. 113–19 in Proc. Seventh Int. Conference; ‘The unity and territorial integrity of Ethiopia’, J. Modern African Studies, XXIV, 3 (1986), 465–87;Google Scholar‘A history of the Tabot of Atronesä Maryam in Amhara (Ethiopia)’, Paideuma, XXXIV (1988), 13–22.Google Scholar

⁷⁶ Rubenson, S. with co-editors Haile, Getatchew and Hunwick, John, Acta Aethiopica, 1, Correspondence and Treaties 1800–1854 (Evanston/Addis Ababa, 1987).Google Scholar Some of these documents have been published by others in different editions: Girma-Selassie Asfaw and David Appleyard with Ullendorff, E., The Amharic Letters of Emperor Theodore of Ethiopia to Queen Victoria and Her Special Envoy (London, 1979);Google ScholarAppleyard, David and Irvine, A. K. with Pankhurst, R. and Tafia, Bairu, Letters from Ethiopian Rulers (Early and Mid-Nineteenth Century) (London, 1985).Google Scholar

⁷⁷ For example: ‘Täf We'etu und Täf Naccäw in den Äthiopischen Chroniken’, Journal of Semitic Studies, XXVI, 2 (1981), 267–71Google Scholar; ‘Zur “Kurzen Chronik” der äthiopischen Könige’, Oriens Christianus, S. IV, lxv (1981), 137–47Google Scholar; ‘An hypothesis concerning an author or compiler of the “Short Chronicle” of the Ethiopian kings’, pp. 359–72 in Proc. Sixth Int. Conference; ‘The Ser'ata Gebr. A mirror view of daily life at the Ethiopian royal court in the middle ages’, pp. 219–32 in vol. I, Proc. Eighth Int. Conference; and ‘Les premières querelles théologiques d'Abuna Salama III en Ethiopie’, Annates d'Ethiopie, XIV (1987), 101–16.Google Scholar Hans A. Dombrowski has published one new example of the tradition on which Kropp is working: Tanasee 106: Eine Chronik der Herrscher Athiopiens (Wiesbaden: 2 vols., 1983).Google Scholar

⁷⁸ Michels, Joseph W., ‘The Axumite kingdom: a settlement archaeology perspective’, pp. 173–83Google Scholar in vol. VI, Proc. Ninth Int. Congress.

⁷⁹ Kaplan, Steven, The Monastic Holy Man and the Christianization of Early Solomonic Ethiopia (Wiesbaden, 1984).Google Scholar See also idem, ‘Ezana's conversion reconsidered’, J. Religion in Africa, XIII, 2 (1982), 101–9; ‘The Ethiopian cult of the saints. A preliminary investigation’, Paideuma, XXXII 1–13Google Scholar; ‘Christianity and the early state in Ethiopia’, pp. 148–67 in Eisenstadt, S. N., Abitbol, M. and Chazan, N. (eds.), The Early State in African Perspective. Culture, Power and Division of Labor (Leiden, 1988).Google Scholar

⁸⁰ Abir, M., Ethiopia and the Red Sea. The Rise and Decline of the Solomonic Dynasty and Muslim—European Rivalry in the Region (London, 1980).Google Scholar See also idem, ‘Ethiopia and the Horn of Africa’, in Gray, Richard (ed.), Cambridge History of Africa, IV: c. 1600–c. 1790 (1975). 537–77.Google Scholar

⁸¹ Donzel, E. van, Foreign Relations of Ethiopia 1642–1700. Documents Relating to the Journeys of Khodja Murad (Leiden 1979)Google Scholar; and idem, A Yemenite Embassy to Ethiopia 1647–1649. al-Habasha, Al-Hayml's Sirat. Newly Introduced, Translated and Annotated (Wiesbaden, 1986).Google Scholar For a single new text of importance for the sixteenth and early seventeenth century it would be hard to beat Lockhart, Donald M. and Becking-am's, C. F.The Itinerario of Jeronimo Lobo (London: Hakluyt Society, 1984).Google Scholar

⁸² Chernetsov, S. B., ‘The “History of the Gallas” and death of Za-Dengel, king of Ethiopia (1603–1604)’, pp. 803–8Google Scholar in vol. I, Proc. Fourth Int. Congress; ‘Who wrote “The History of King Sarsa Dengel”—was it the monk Bahrey?’ pp. 131–6 in vol. I, Proc. Eighth Int. Conference; and ‘Medieval Ethiopian historiographers and their methods’, pp. 191–200 in vol. v, Proc. Ninth Int. Congress. La Verle Berry has also contributed to the understanding of the Gondär period: ‘Factions and coalitions during the Gonder period, 1630–1755’, pp. 431–41 in Proc. Fifth Int. Conference (Session B).

⁸³ But see here Chris Prouty Rosenfeld's study: Empress Taytu and Menilek II: Ethiopia 1883–1910 (London/Trenton, NJ, 1986);Google Scholar and her ‘Eight Ethiopian women of the Zemene Mesafi.nl, 1769–1855’, Northeast African Studies, 1, 2 (1979), 63–85.Google Scholar

⁸⁴ Ahmed, Hussein, ‘Studies in Islam: retrospect and prospect’, pp. 40–60Google Scholar in vol. II of Proceedings of the Second Annual Seminar; and ‘Introducing an Arabic hagiography from Wällo’, pp. 185–97 in vol. 1. Proc. Eighth Int. Conference. See also Shehim, Kassim, ‘The influence of Islam on the “Afar”’ (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington, 1982).Google Scholar There has also been an attenuation of interest in the church and its varied roles in the twentieth century. For an exception, see Larebo, Haile Mariam, ‘The Ethiopian orthodox church and politics in the twentieth century,’ Northeast African Studies, IX, 3 (1987), 1–17 and X, 1 (1988), 1–23.Google Scholar

⁸⁵ Although see here the work of Samatar, Said S., Oral Poetry and Somali Nationalism: The Case of Sayyid Mohammad Abdille Hasan (Cambridge, 1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁸⁶ Jones, A. H. M. and Monroe, Elizabeth, A History of Ethiopia (Oxford, 1935).Google Scholar The latest printing in my possession was in 1978. It differs from the 1935 version in its nine-page chronology bringing events down to 1944.

⁸⁷ In the Epilogue to The Southern Marches, 249.