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¹⁶¹ Schwellnus, ‘Short notes’; van der Merwe and Scully, ‘The Phalaborwa story’; van der Merwe, ‘Advent’.

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¹⁶³ van der Merwe, ‘Advent’; Herbert, Red Gold.

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¹⁶⁵ van der Merwe and Scully, ‘The Phalaborwa story’.

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¹⁷³ Tylecote, History.

¹⁷⁴ Herbert, Red Gold.

¹⁷⁵ Rostoker and Bronson, Pre-industrial Iron.

¹⁷⁶ van der Merwe, Carbon-14 Dating; Rostoker and Bronson, Pre-industrial Iron.

¹⁷⁷ van der Merwe, ‘Production of high carbon steel’; van der Merwe and Avery, ‘Pathways’.

¹⁷⁸ Killick, ‘A comparative perspective’; Killick and Gordon, ‘The mechanism of iron production’.

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²¹² Avery et al., ‘Metallurgy’.

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²¹⁵ Bellamy, ‘West African smelting house’.

²¹⁶ Rostocker and Bronson, Pre-industrial Iron, 138.

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²¹⁹ Avery et al., ‘Metallurgy’.

²²⁰ Ibid. 276.

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²²² The reduced pisolith illustrated in Fig. 1 of Killick and Gordon (“The mechanism of iron production’, 122), captioned ‘Kasungu, Malawi. Concentric shells of ferrite, pseudomorphous after a laterite pisolith, in slag of fayalite, glass and undissolved quartz’, is almost identical to those in Figs. 24.5c and 24.5d of Avery et al. (‘Metallurgy’, 278), captioned ‘Concentric formation of platelets into protonodules, Chulu ngʾ anjo’ and ‘Hollow nodule’ respectively.

²²³ Killick and Gordon, ‘The mechanism of iron production’.

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