² Contemporary accounts of cotton development in Ivory Coast, Cameroun and Togo, can be found respectively in Sawadogo, A., L'Agriculture en Côte d'Ivoire (Paris, 1977),Google ScholarLevrat, R., ‘La place du coton dans la vie des paysans du Nord-Cameroun’, Cahiers d'Outre-mer, XXXVII, 145 (1984), 33–62CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Schwartz, A., Le paysan et la culture de coton au Togo (Paris, 1986).Google Scholar

³ IRCT (Institut de recherches du coton et des textiles exotiques) was founded in 1946 to conduct research and development on textile plants in France's colonies. CFDT (Compagnie française pour le développement des fibres textiles) was created in 1946 as a joint venture between the French government and private textile interests as an extension service and production company to promote the improved varieties developed by IRCT.Google Scholar

⁴ A recent version of this model of cotton development is presented in Dequecker, J., ‘Cultures industrielles et cultures vivrières en Afrique occidentale’, Afrique Contemporaine, 120 (1982), 1–7.Google Scholar For a critique of the vent-for-surplus model in relation to cotton growing in Uganda, see Tosh, J., ‘Lango agriculture during the early colonial period: Land and labour in a cash crop economy’, J. Afr. Hist. XIX, 3 (1978), 415–39.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁵ For a discussion of some useful concepts to analyse the process of commoditization, see Bernstein, H., ‘African peasantries: A theoretical framework’, Journal of Peasant Studies, vI, 4, (07, 1979), 421–43.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

⁶ In francophone Africa, CFDT is presently engaged in joint ventures with a number states including Burkina Faso (35·64 % of capital investments in Sofitex), Cameroun (30% in SODECOTON), Ivory Coast (25% in CIDT), Mali (40% in CMDT), Central African Republic (20% in Socada), Chad (17 % in Cotonchad), and Senegal (20% in Sodefitex).Google Scholar

⁷ See Lonsdale, J., ‘States and social processes in Africa’, African Studies Review, xxiv, 2–3 (1981), 139–225;CrossRefGoogle ScholarKasfir, N. (ed), State and Class in Africa (London, 1984),Google Scholar and Skocpol, T., ‘Bringing the state back in: Strategies of analysis of current research’, in Evans, P., Rueschemeyer, D. and Skocpol, T. (eds) Bringing the State Back In (Cambridge, 1985), 3–37.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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⁹ A notable exception is St¨rzinger, U., ‘Tchad: “Mise en valeur” coton et developpement’, Revue Tiers Monde, xxIv, 5 (1983), 643–52.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

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¹¹ Ibid.

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¹⁶ ANRCI, I RR 63, letter of Lt Gov. of C.I. to Commandants de Cercle, 31 January 1918.Google Scholar

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²⁴ ANRCI, I QQ 81, ‘Bulletin agricole et commerciale, October 2908’.Google Scholar

²⁵ ANRCI, I QQ 81, Cercle de Korhogo, ‘Rapport économique et agricole d'ensemble’, December 2912.Google Scholar

²⁶ ANRCI I QQ 81, Cercle de Korhogo, ‘Rapport densemble’, 1913;Google ScholarCercle de Kong, Poste de Korhogo, ‘Note succincte sur Ia situation agricole’, 6 December 1916.Google Scholar

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³¹ ANRM, I R 123, ‘Note sur Ia culture de coton en Côte d'Ivoire’, 1918.Google Scholar

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³⁴ ANRCI, D 3333, ‘Rapport d'inspection administrative du poste de Korhogo’, 29 April 1931.Google Scholar

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⁴⁰ ANRS, 2 G 30–9, Côte d'Ivoire, ‘Rapport politique annuel’, 1930.Google Scholar

⁴¹ ANRCI, 3323, ‘Rapports politiques trimestriels des cercles, 1931–1932’.Google Scholar

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⁴³ ANRS, I R 108, ‘Programme de développement de Ia culture cotonnière en A.O.F’, 20 August 1938.Google Scholar

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⁴⁵ Ibid. 29.

⁴⁶ Amin, S., Le Développement du capitalisme en Côte d'Ivoire (Paris, 1967), 99–103.Google Scholar

⁴⁷ Aubertin notes that three-quarters of the agricultural credit extended in 1966 went to southern planters. The north received a mere 3 per cent of the total. Aubertin, Histoire, 50.Google Scholar

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⁵⁴ The cost of pesticides was recuperated by CFDT when setting producer prices. This price reflected CFDT's deductions for inputs, ginning, transportation, stocking and marketing expenses.Google Scholar

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⁵⁶ Interviews with Bêh Tuo and Silué, Katiennen'golo, 19 July 1986, Katiali.Google Scholar

⁵⁷ SEDES, Région de Korhogo, vol. 5, Etudes des budgets farniliaux, pp. 24–35.Google Scholar

⁵⁸ There are no data on the number of cotton growers before this date.Google Scholar

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