1 Vol. I (Oxford, 1963), 180–7.
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3 Both these types of spirits can be distinguished from non-anthropomorphic spirits.
4 Variously, Mukasa, Mugasha, or Mugasa.
5 This discussion draws on a large number of sources, but particularly the works of Apolo Kagwa and the traditions which I was able to collect in Busoga with the assistance of a grant from the Central Research Fund of London University and a Postgraduate Exhibition from the School of Oriental and African Studies.
6 In this volume, de Heusch describes how the Ryangombe-Cwezi cult was introduced to the Luba empire in the nineteenth century by the Yeke conquerors originally from Bunyamwezi (pp. 362−3).
7 An interesting example of this, besides the Bunyamwezi-Luba extension of the Ryangombe cult, was the nineteenth-century diffusion of the Nabingi (or Nyabingi,. Nabinge) spirit-figure tradition. Diffusing northwards, this tradition was taken up in parts of Rwanda, Kigezi (in Uganda), and as far north as Ankole.
8 De Heusch accepts Oliver's historical analysis of Wamara (ref. note I above) with a few reinterpretations.