Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-mlc7c Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-20T03:20:36.419Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Electoral Laws and Monitoring of Campaign Financing during the 2015 Presidential Election in Nigeria

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 November 2016

CHIKODIRI NWANGWU
Affiliation:
University of Nigeria, Nsukka [email protected]
OLIHE ADAEZE ONONOGBU
Affiliation:
University of Nigeria, Nsukka [email protected]

Abstract

The emergence of politicians with overwhelming financial muscle in Nigeria since 1990s has complicated the relationship between money and politics in the country. This has been intensified by lack of clear legislation on how political parties should seek funding for their campaigns. Although effective supervision of political parties’ finance is critical to the survival and consolidation of any democracy, the relevant electoral laws in Nigeria have not been effectively enforced. This is evident in the unbridled deployment of financial and other material resources by moneyed politicians and corporations during party campaign fundraising and electioneering. Among other things, this paper investigated the interface between the electoral laws and monitoring of campaign financing during the 2015 Presidential Election in Nigeria. The study is a documentary research and data were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive method. Utilizing the Marxist theory of the post-colonial state, the paper established that the electoral laws are generally couched ambiguously by politicians with vested interests in order to weaken the enforcement capacity of the Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC), as well as facilitate the advancement of the electoral interests of the ‘political entrepreneurs’. Thus, the unbundling of the Commission is recommended as a sine qua non for effective monitoring and supervision of political parties in the country.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2016 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Adetula, Victor (2015), ‘Godfathers, Money Politics, and Electoral Violence in Nigeria: Focus on the 2015 Elections’, paper presented at a Two-Day National Conference on The 2015 General Elections in Nigeria: The Real Issues organized by the Electoral Institute, at the Electoral Institute Complex, INEC Annex, Opposite Diplomatic Zone, Central Business District, Abuja on 27–28 July 2015, http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Conference-Paper-by-Victor-Adetula.pdf (accessed 15 October 2015).Google Scholar
Agbu, Osita (2015), ‘Unbridled Election Rigging and the Use of Technology: The Smart Card Reader as the ‘Joker’ in Nigeria's 2015 Presidential Election’, paper presented at a Two-Day National Conference on The 2015 General Elections in Nigeria: The Real Issues organized by the Electoral Institute, at the Electoral Institute Complex, INEC Annex, Opposite Diplomatic Zone, Central Business District, Abuja on 27–28 July 2015, http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Conference-Paper-by-Osita-Agbu.pdf (accessed 15 October 2015).Google Scholar
Agande, Ben (2014), ‘Naira rain at Jonathan's re-election fund raiser’, Vanguard, 21 December, http://www.vanguardngr.com/2014/12/naira-rain-jonathans-reelection-fund-raiser/ (accessed 10 May 2015).Google Scholar
Ake, Claude (1981), A Political Economy of Africa, New York: Longman Group Ltd.Google Scholar
Alavi, Hamza (1973), ‘The State in Post-Colonial Societies: Pakistan and Bangladesh’, in Bourne, H.G. (ed.), Politics and State in the Third World, London: Longman.Google Scholar
Alexander, Herbert (1989), ‘American Presidential Elections since Public Funding, 1976–84’, in Alexander, Herbert (ed.), Comparative Political Finance in the 1980s, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 95123.Google Scholar
Aluaigba, Moses (2009), ‘Financing Political Parties in Africa: The Nigerian Experience, 1999–2008’, The Researcher: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 22 (2): 104–27.Google Scholar
Aluaigba, Moses (2015), ‘Taming a Lion: Monitoring Campaign Finances of Political Parties Prior to the 2015 Elections in Nigeria’, paper presented at a Two-Day National Conference on The 2015 General Elections in Nigeria: The Real Issues organized by the Electoral Institute, at the Electoral Institute Complex, INEC Annex, Opposite Diplomatic Zone, Central Business District, Abuja on 27–28 July 2015, http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Conference-Paper-by-Moses-Aluaigba.pdf (accessed 15 October 2015).Google Scholar
Biereenu-Nnabugwu, Makodi (2006), Methodology of Political Inquiry: Issues and Techniques of Research Methods in Political Science, Enugu: Quintagon Publishers.Google Scholar
Ciaurro, G. Franco (1989), ‘Public Financing of Parties in Italy’, in Alexander, Herbert (ed.), Comparative Political Finance in the 1980s, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 153–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Companies and Allied Matters Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria , 1990.Google Scholar
Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria 1999, Lagos: Federal Government Press.Google Scholar
Ejiofor, Clement (2015), ‘Nigerians Donate Money to Support Buhari's Campaign’, https://www.naij.com/348842-nigerians-donate-money-to-support-buharis-campaign.html (accessed 10 May 2015).Google Scholar
Ekekwe, Eme (1986), Class and State in Nigeria, Owerri: Longman Nigeria Limited.Google Scholar
Electoral Act 2006, Plus Political Parties Finance Manual, Political Parties Finance Handbook & Political Parties Code of Conduct.Google Scholar
‘Electoral Act 2010 as Gazetted’, http://www.placng.org/Electoral%20Act%202010-%20as%20Gazetted.pdf (accessed 14 February 2015).Google Scholar
Emelonye, Uche (2004), ‘Political Finance in Nigeria: A Policy Agenda for Reform’, in Obiorah, Ndubisi (ed.), Political Finance and Democracy in Nigeria: Prospects and Strategies for Reform, Lagos: CLASA, pp. 4378.Google Scholar
Fisher, Justin (2000), ‘Party Finance and Corruption in Britain’, in Williams, Robert (ed.), Party Finance and Political Corruption, London: Macmillan Press, pp. 1536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ilo, Udo (2004), ‘Political Finance Regulation in Nigeria: The Legal Framework’, in Obiorah, Ndubisi (ed.), Political Finance and Democracy in Nigeria: Prospects and Strategies for Reform, Lagos: CLASA, pp. 2442.Google Scholar
International Peace Institute (2011), Elections in Africa: Challenges and Opportunities, New York: International Peace Institute.Google Scholar
Jakubowski, Franz (1973), Ideology and Superstructure in Historical Materialism, London: Allison & Busby.Google Scholar
Lenin, Vladimir (1976), The State and Revolution, Peking: Foreign Languages Press.Google Scholar
Marx, Karl and Engels, Friedrich (1973), Manifesto of the Communist Party, Beijing: Foreign Languages Press.Google Scholar
McSweeney, Dean (2000), ‘Parties, Corruption and Campaign Finance in America’, in Williams, Robert (ed.), Party Finance and Political Corruption, London: Macmillan Press, pp. 3760.Google Scholar
Mogalakwe, Monageng (2006), ‘The Use of Documentary Research Methods in Social Research’, African Sociological Review, 10 (1): 221–30.Google Scholar
Nwangwu, Chikodiri and Ononogbu, Olihe (2014), ‘The Pursuit of Material Interest and Proliferation of Political Parties in Nigeria, 1999─2013’, Global Journal of Art Humanities and Social Sciences, 2 (6): 6476.Google Scholar
Nwangwu, Chikodiri (2015), ‘Biometric Voting Technology and the 2015 General Elections in Nigeria’, paper presented at a Two-Day National Conference on The 2015 General Elections in Nigeria: The Real Issues organized by the Electoral Institute, at the Electoral Institute Complex, INEC Annex, Opposite Diplomatic Zone, Central Business District, Abuja on 27–28 July 2015, http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Conference-Paper-by-Chikodiri-Nwangwu.pdf (accessed 15 October 2015).Google Scholar
Obiorah, Ndubisi (2004), ‘Preface’, in Obiorah, Ndubisi (ed.), Political Finance and Democracy in Nigeria: Prospects and Strategies for Reform, Lagos: CLASA, pp. vixi.Google Scholar
Oji, R. O., Eme, Okechukwu and Nwoba, Hyacinth (2014), ‘Political Party Funding in Nigeria: A Case of Peoples Democratic Party’, Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), 2 (11): 118.Google Scholar
Olaleye, Olawale, Chuks, Okocha, Andrews, Jaiyeola and Onyebuchi, Ezigbo (2014), ‘PDP raises N21 billion for 2015 Election Campaign’, ThisDayLive, 21 December. Retrieved from: http://www.thisdaylive.com/articles/pdp-raises-n21-billion-for-2015-election-campaign/197320/ (accessed 10 May 2015).Google Scholar
Onyekpere, Eze (2015), ‘How Jonathan's Campaign Donors Violated the Law’, Daily Independent, 9 January, http://dailyindependentnig.com/2015/01/jonathans-campaign-donors-violated-law/ (accessed 10 May 2015).Google Scholar
Ovwasa, Lucky (2013), ‘Money Politics and Vote Buying in Nigeria: The Bane of Good Governance’, Afro Asian Journal of Social Sciences, 4 (3).Google Scholar
Paltiel, Khayyamzev (1989), ‘Canadian Election Expense Legislation, 1963–85: A Critical Appraisal’, in Alexander, Herbert (ed.), Comparative Political Finance in the 1980s, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 5175.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pinto-Duschinsky, Michael (1989), ‘Trends in British Political Funding, 1979–84’, in Alexander, Herbert (ed.), Comparative Political Finance in the 1980s, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, pp. 2450.Google Scholar
Pinto-Duschinsky, Michael (2004), ‘Financing Politics: A Global View’, in Obiorah, Ndubisi (ed.), Political Finance and Democracy in Nigeria: Prospects and Strategies for Reform, Lagos: CLASA, pp. 123.Google Scholar
Political Party Finance Handbook (2005), INEC.Google Scholar
Political Party Finance Handbook (2010), INEC.Google Scholar
Political Party Financial Reporting Manual (2011), INEC.Google Scholar
Rewaju, Demola (2015), ‘The Politics of Party Primaries and Delegates’, 2 September, http://www.citizenconfidential.com/opinion/the-politics-of-party-primaries-and-delegates-by-demola-rewaju-demolarewaju/ (accessed 20 February 2016).Google Scholar
Saalfeld, Thomas (2000), ‘Court and Parties: Evolution and Problems of Political Funding in Germany’, in Williams, Robert (ed.), Party Finance and Political Corruption, London: Macmillan Press, pp. 89121.Google Scholar
Ukase, Patrick (2015), ‘Political Parties and Election/Campaign Financing in Nigeria: Interrogating the 2015 General Elections’, paper presented at a Two-Day National Conference on The 2015 General Elections in Nigeria: The Real Issues organized by the Electoral Institute, at the Electoral Institute Complex, INEC Annex, Opposite Diplomatic Zone, Central Business District, Abuja on 27–28 July 2015, http://www.inecnigeria.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/Conference-Paper-by-Patrick-Ukase.pdf (accessed 15 October 2015).Google Scholar