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3 Traditional accounts include Williams, William Appleman, American-Russian Relations 1781-1947 (New York 1952);Google ScholarZabriskie, Edward H., American-Russian Rivalry in the Far East (Philadelphia 1946). More recent surveys of Russo-American relations have somewhat modified this interpretation. SeeCrossRefGoogle ScholarGaddis, John Lewis, Russia, the Soviet Union, and the United States: An Interpretive History (New York 1989);Google ScholarLaFeber, Walter, The American Age: United States Foreign Policy at Home and Abroad since 1750 (New York 1989)Google Scholar.

4 For a recent Russian account see Ponomarev, Valerii Nikolaevich, Krymskaia voina I Russko-Amerikanskie otnosheniia (Moscow 1993). A briefer English-language version is given by the same author inGoogle Scholar‘Russian Policy and the United States during the Crimean War’ in: Ragsdale, Hugh ed., Imperial Russian Foreign Policy (Cambridge 1993) 173–192. See alsoGoogle ScholarGolder, Frank A., ‘Russian-American Relations During the Crimean War’, American Historical Review 31 (1926) 462–471CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

5 Golder, Frank A., ‘The Russian Fleet and the American Civil War’, American Historical Review 20 (1915) 801–812;CrossRefGoogle ScholarGolder, Frank A., ‘The American Civil War Through the Eyes of a Russian Diplomat’, American Historical Review 26 (1921) 454–463CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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7 Zabriskie, , American-Russian Rivalry, 5 n24.Google Scholar

8 Kennan, George, Siberia and the Exile System (London 1891).Google Scholar

9 Williams, William Appleman, American Russian Relations 1781-1947 (New York 1971) 4.Google Scholar

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11 These are in fund 143, inventory 491 (‘Kitaiskii Stol’), Arkhiv Vneshnei Politiki Rossiiskoi Imperiii.

12 Two English-language biographies are Braeman, John, Albert Beueridge: American Nationalist (Chicago 1971) andGoogle ScholarBrowers, Claude G., Beveridgeand the Progressive Era (New York 1932)Google Scholar.

13 Beveridge, AlbertJ., ‘March of the Flag’ in: Depew, Chauncey M. ed., The Library of Oratory 14 (New York 1902) 426–449.Google Scholar

14 United States, Congress, Congressional Record, 56 Congress, I Session, 704.

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18 Ibid., 108.

19 Ibid., 41.

20 Ibid., 31.

21 Ibid., 16.

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23 On the importance of furs to the medieval Russian economy, see Martin, Janet, Treasure of the Land of Darkness (Cambridge 1986) 151–1661, and more generallyCrossRefGoogle ScholarFischer, Raymond H., The Russian Fur Trade, 1550-1700 (Berkeley 1943)Google Scholar.

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29 Ibid., 777.

30 Bassin, Mark, A Russian Mississippi? A Political-Geographical Inquiry into the Vision of Russia on the Pacific 1840-1865 (PhD Dissertation: University of California at Berkeley 1983) 55.Google Scholar A revised version is forthcoming in 1999 from Cambridge University Press.

31 Rasputin, Valentin, Siberia, Siberia (Evanston 1996) 50.Google Scholar