Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-mkpzs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T13:09:15.112Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Empire and Order on the Colonial Frontiers of Georgia and New South Wales

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 April 2010

Extract

In 1767, settlers on the western frontier of Georgia in North America sent a dire petition to their governor begging for protection. They claimed that local Creek Indians had stolen their horses and planned imminently to destroy their livestock and to kill their families. Before the governor could respond, the settlers crossed the Indian boundary to loot and burn a Creek village. In doing so they galvanized the imperial legal order into action – not against Creek horse thieves but against settler vigilantes on Creek land. At the urging of London officials, the governor of Georgia had the settlers arrested and charged, first with a felony, and when that failed, with ‘abuse and misdemeanour at common law against government’. However, Georgia's jurors refused to hold them accountable on either charge.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Research Institute for History, Leiden University 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography of Works Cited

Primary Sources

Aualon Project, Yale Law School: http://elsinore,cis,yale,edu/lawweb/avalon/18th,htmGoogle Scholar
Bench of Magistrates Records, SZ775, New South Wales Record Office, Kingswood.Google Scholar
Candler, Allen D., ed., Colonial Records of the State of Georgia (Atlanta & Athens, Ga, 1907).Google Scholar
Colonial Office Records, CO 5/68–70, 5/658–665, 676–680, 201/238, 202/34, relating to the Georgia, Indian Affairs and New South Wales, National Archives (NA), London.Google Scholar
Colonial Secretary's Papers, 17881825 (CSP), 4/5783, 4/1819, ML Safe l/18b, SZ988, SZ1044, 4/424, New South Wales Record Office, Kingswood.Google Scholar
Colonial Secretary's Papers, 18261982 (SB), 4/1133.1, 5/1161, 4/8020.4, 5/4774.2, New South Wales Record Office, Kingswood.Google Scholar
Court of Criminal Jurisdiction Records, (CO), SZ776A- SZ803, New South Wales Record Office, Kingswood.Google Scholar
D'arcy Wentworth Papers, A753, Mitchell Library, Sydney.Google Scholar
Decisions of the Superior Courts of New South Wales, 1788–1899, Macquarie University Division of Law, http://www,law,mq,edu.au/scnsw/Google Scholar
Gollan, VictoriaBarclay, Jane, Aboriginal Colonial Court Cases, 1788–1838, http://www.records.nsw.gov.au/archives/aboriginal_colonial_court_cases_1788–1838_4525.aspGoogle Scholar
Governor Macquarie's Papers, A773, Mitchell Library, Sydney.Google Scholar
Hays, J.E., ed., Indian Treaties, Cessions of Land in Georgia, 1705–1837, Georgia State Archives (W.P.A. Project, 7158).Google Scholar
Historical Records of Australia, Series 1: Governors Despatches to and From England (Sydney, 1915).Google Scholar
Sydney Gazette and New South Wales Advertiser (facsimilie edition; Sydney, 1963).Google Scholar

Books

Bennet, J.M., Sir Francis Forbes: First Chief Justice of New South Wales, 1823–1837 (Leichhardt, NSW, 1998).Google Scholar
Benton, Lauren, Law and Colonial Cultures: Legal Regimes in World History, 1400–1900 (Cambridge, 2002).Google Scholar
Bolton, Herbert E., and Ross, Mary, The Debatable Land: A Sketch of the Anglo-Spanish Contest for the Georgia Country (Berkeley, Ca., 1925).Google Scholar
Braund, KathrynHolland, E., Deerskins & Duffels: The Creek Indian Trade with Anglo-America, 1685–1815 (Lincoln, Neb., 1993).Google Scholar
Cadle, Farris W., Georgia Land Surveying History and Law (Athens, Ga, 1991).Google Scholar
Connor, John, The Australian Frontier Wars, 1788–1838 (Kensington, NSW, 2003).Google Scholar
Dowd, Gregory, War Under Heaven: Pontiac: The Indian Nations & the British Empire (Baltimore, 2002).Google Scholar
Etheridge, Robbie, Creek Country: The Creek Indians and their World (Chapel Hill, 1993).Google Scholar
Golder, Hilary, High and Responsible Office: A History of the New South Wales Magistracy (Sydney, 1991).Google Scholar
Grotius, Hugo, De Jure Belli Ac Pacts Libri Tres Vol. II, trans. Kelsey, Francis W. (Oxford, 1925).Google Scholar
Hanks, Peter, and Cass, Deborah, Australian Constitutional Law: Materials and Commentary (Sydney, 1999).Google Scholar
Johnson, James, Militiamen, Rangers, and Red coats: the Military in Georgia, 1754–1776 (Macon, Ga, 1992).Google Scholar
Karsten, Peter, Between Law and Custom: ‘High’ and ‘Low’ Legal Cultures in the Lands of the British Diaspora — The United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand, 1600–1900 (Cambridge, 2002).Google Scholar
Kawashima, Yasuhide, Puritan Justice and the Indian: White Man's Law in Massachusetts, 1630–1763 (Middletown, Conn., 1986).Google Scholar
Kercher, Bruce, An Unruly Child: A History of Law in Australia (St Leonards, NSW, 1995).Google Scholar
McHugh, Paul, Aboriginal Societies and the Common Law: A History of Sovereignty, Status, and Self-determination (Oxford & New York: OUP, 2004).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reece, Bob, Aborigines and Colonists: Aborigines and Colonial Society in New South Wales in the 1830s and 1840s (Sydney, NSW & Portland, Or., 1974).Google Scholar
Reynolds, Henry, Law of the Land, 2nd ed, (Ringwood, Vic, Australia, 1992).Google Scholar
Reynolds, Henry, Aboriginal Sovereignty: Three Nations, One Australia? (St Leonards, NSW, 1996).Google Scholar
Richter, Daniel, Facing East from Indian Country: A Native History of Early America (Cambridge, Mass., 2001).Google Scholar
Snapp, J. Russell, John Stuart and the Struggle for Empire on the Southern Frontier (Baton Rouge, 1996).Google Scholar
Stanley, Peter, The Remote Garrison: The British Army in Australia, 1788–1870 (Kenthurst, NSW, 1986).Google Scholar
Turner, Frederick Jackson, The Frontier in American History (New York, 1920).Google Scholar
Vattel, Emmerich, The Law of Nations or the Principles of Natural Law Applied to the Conduct of Affairs of Nations and Sovereigns, trans. Fenwick, Charles G. (Washington, 1916).Google Scholar
Weaver, John C, The Great Land Rush and the Making of the Modern World, 1650–1900 (Montreal, 2003).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
White, Richard, The Middle Ground: Indians, Empires and Republics in the Great Lakes Region, 1650–1815 (Cambridge & New York, 1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Williams, Robert A., The American Indian in Western Legal Thought: The Discourses of Conquest (New York & Oxford, 1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, W. Allan, Dawn in the Valley (Sydney, 1972).Google Scholar

Articles & Essays

Adelman, Jeremy, and Aaron, Stephen, ‘From Borderlands to Borders: Empires, Nation States, and the Peoples of North American History’, American Historical Reuiew 104 (1999), 814841.Google Scholar
Anghie, Antony, ‘Finding the Peripheries: Sovereignty and Colonialism in Nineteenth-Century International Law’, Harvard International Law Journal 40/1 (1999), 180.Google Scholar
British Association Geographical Glossary Committee, ‘Some Definitions in the Vocabulary of Geography’, The Geographical Journal 117/4 (1951), 458459.Google Scholar
Carter, Clarence E., ‘The Beginnings of British West Florida’, The Mississippi Valley Historical Reuiew 4/3 (1917), 314341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carter, Clarence E., ‘British Policy towards the American Indians in the South, 1763–8’, English Historical Review 33/129 (1918), 3756.Google Scholar
Carter, Clarence E., ‘The Significance of the Military Office in America, 1763–1775’, American Historical Review 28/3 (1923), pp 475488.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Conway, Stephen, ‘Britain and the Revolutionary Crisis, 1763–1791’, in Marshall, P.J., ed., The Oxford History of the British Empire, The Eighteenth Century (Oxford, 1998), Vol. II, 325347.Google Scholar
Cumfer, Cynthia Dee, ‘Local Origins of National Indian Policy: Cherokee and Tennessean Ideas about Sovereignty and Nationhood, 1790–1811”, Journal of the Early Republic 23/1 (2002), 2146.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Delaney, David and Leitner, Helga, ‘The Political Construction of Scale’, Political Geography 16.2 (1997), 9397.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fulcher, Jonathan, ‘The Wik Judgment, Pastoral Leases and Colonial Office Policy and Intention in NSW in the 1840s’, Australian Journal of Legal History 4/1 (1998), 3356.Google Scholar
Gould, Eliga, ‘Zones of Law, Zones of Violence: The Legal Geography of the British Atlantic, circa 1772’, William and Mary Quarterly 60/3 (2003), 475510.Google Scholar
Griffiths, Tom, ‘The Frontier Fallen’, Eureka Street 13/2 (2003), 2430.Google Scholar
Haefeli, Evan, ‘A Note on the Use of North American Borderlands’, American Historical Review 104 (1999), 12221225.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hazeltine, H.D.The Influence of the Magna Carta on American Constitutional Development’, Columbia Law Reuiew 17/1 (1917), 117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hermes, Katherine, ‘Jurisdiction in the Colonial North East: Algonquian, English and French Governance’, American Journal of Legal History 42/1 (1999), 5273.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hulsebosch, Daniel, ‘Imperia in Imperio: The Multiple Constitutions of Empire in New York, 1750–1777’, Law and History Review 16 (1998), 319379.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Juricek, John T, ‘American Usage of the Word “Frontier” from Colonial Times to Frederick Jackson Turner’, Proceedings from the American Philosophical Society 110/1 (1966), 1034.Google Scholar
Kercher, Bruce, ‘Native Title in the Shadows: the Origins of the Myth of Terra Nullius in Early New South Wales Courts’, in Bunton, Gregory Blue Martin and Crozier, Ralph, eds, Colonialism and the Modern World Order (ME Sharpe, 2002), 100119.Google Scholar
Krasner, Stephen D., ‘Compromising Westphalia’, International Security 20/3 (1996), 115151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McHugh, Paul, ‘The Common-Law Status of Colonies and Aboriginal “Rights”: How Lawyers and Historians Treat the Past’, Saskatchewan Law Review 61/2 (1998), 393–42.Google Scholar
Sheehan, James, ‘The Problem of Sovereignty in European History’, American Historical Review 111 (2006), 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Silvern, Steven E., ‘Scales of Justice: Law, American Indian Treaty Rights and the Political Construction of Scale’, Political Geography 18 (1999), 639668.Google Scholar
Slattery, Brian, ‘Concepts of Economic Improvement and the Social Construction of Property Rights: Highlights from the English-speaking World’, in McLaren, John, Buck, A.R. and Wright, Nancy E., eds, Despotic Dominion: Property Rights in British Settler Societies (Vancouver, 2005).Google Scholar
Smith, N., and Dennis, W., ‘The Restructuring of Political Scale: Coalescence and Fragmentation of the Northern Core Region’, Economic Geography 63 (1987), 160182.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stanley, Peter, ‘“Soldiers and Fellow Countrymen”: The Military in Colonial Australia’, in Australia, Two Centuries of War and Peace (Canberra, 1988), 6591.Google Scholar
Walters, Mark D., ‘Mohegan Indians v. Connecticut (1705–1773) and the Legal Status of Aboriginal Customary Laws and Government in British Morth America”, Osgood Law Review 33/4 (1995), 785829.Google Scholar
Zaret, David, ‘Petitions and the “Invention” of Public Opinion in the English Revolution’, American Journal of Sociology 101/6 (1996), 14971555.Google Scholar

Unpublished Secondary Sources

Cumfer, Cynthia Dee, ‘The Idea of Man is so Various’: An Intellectual History of Tennessee, 1768–1810 (PhD diss.; University of California, Los Angeles, 2001).Google Scholar
Walters, Mark D., Continuity of Aboriginal Customs and Government (PhD diss.; Oxford University, 1995).Google Scholar