Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gvvz8 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T13:12:43.405Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

The Commercial Culture of the Armenian Merchant: Diaspora and Social Behaviour

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 June 2011

Extract

Historians have very little information about the operation of Asian commercial networks and the social interaction between merchants. Hampered by this lack of data scholars have focused on trade routes and commodities. Our knowledge of the Armenian trading network is more or less limited to its geographical dispersal. The network stretched from New Julfa, a suburb of the Iranian capital of Isfahan, to Amsterdam and London in Europe, and to important centres in the Levant and Central Asia, covering the Indian Subcontinent, and extending eastwards to Manila in the Philippines. Armenian merchants were prosperous and communities were located in commercial towns all over the world. The brothers Khojah Joseph and Khojah Johannes Marger, for instance, established a partnership at Hyderabad in 1666 with a starting capital of 27,550 rupees. Some forty years later on the death of Joseph Marger, the trading activity of the two Armenians was worth more than two million rupees.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Research Institute for History, Leiden University 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Bibliography of Works Cited

Oriental and India Office Collection P/328/60, Mayor's Court Proceedings, Madras, 113170.Google Scholar
Oriental and India Office Collection, MSS. EUR D 1153, Private Letter Book of Joseph Collet, vol. I, fol. 123, York Fort 13 November 1712, Collet to Capt. Colster at Batavia.Google Scholar
Public Record Office C108/202, Correspondence of Robert Nightingale, Fort William 8 November 1708, Robert Nightingale to Francis Chamberlaine.Google Scholar
Arasaratnam, S., Maritime India in the Seventeenth Century (Delhi, 1994).Google Scholar
Arasaratnam, S., Maritime Commerce and English Power (Southeast India 1750-1800) (Delhi, 1996).Google Scholar
Baron, S., ed., The Travels of Olearius in Seventeenth-century Russia (California, 1967).Google Scholar
Cain, P. J. and Hopkins, A. G., British Imperialism: Innovation and Expansion 1688-1914 (London, 1993).Google Scholar
Chaudhuri, K. N., Trade and Civilization in the Indian Ocean: An Economic History from the Rise of Islam to 1750 (Cambridge, 1985).Google Scholar
Cohen, R., Global Diasporas: An Introduction (London, 1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colley, L., Britons: Forging the Nation 1707-1837 (Repd., New Haven, 1992; London, 1994).Google Scholar
Curtin, P., Cross-Cultural Trade in World History (Cambridge, 1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gupta, Das, Uma, , ed., The World of the Indian Ocean Merchant 1500-1800: Collected Essays of Ashin Das Gupta (Delhi, 2001).Google Scholar
Defoe, D., The Complete English Tradesman (Repd., 1726; London, 1987).Google Scholar
Fryer, J., A New Account of East India and Persia being Nine Years' Travels 1672-81, ed. Crooke, W., 2 vols (London, 1909-1915).Google Scholar
Furber, H., Private Fortunes and Company Profits in the India Trade in the 18th Century (London, 1997).Google Scholar
Fukuyama, F., Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity (London, 1996).Google Scholar
Jackson, P., ed., The Cambridge History of Iran Vol. 6: The Timurid and Safavid Periods (Cambridge, 1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mentz, S., The Gentleman Merchant at Work: Madras and the City of London 1660-1740. (To be published by Museum Tusculanum Press, University of Copenhagen, 2004.)Google Scholar
Olearius, A., Vermehrte newe Beschreibung der Muscowitischen und Persischen Reyse (Repd., Schleswig 1656; Tubingen, 1971).Google Scholar
Quiason, S. D., English ‘Country Trade’ with the Philippines, 1644-1765 (Manila, 1966).Google Scholar
Seth, M. V., History of the Armenians in India (Calcutta, 1895).Google Scholar
Subrahmanyam, S., ed., Merchant Networks in the Early Modern World (London, 1996).Google Scholar
Aghassian, M. and Kevonian, K., ‘The Armenian Merchant Network: Overall Autonomy and Local Integration’, in Chaudhuri, S. and Morineau, M., eds. Merchants, Companies and Trade: Europe and Asia in the Early Modern Era (Cambridge, 1999), 7495.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cohen, A., ‘Cultural Strategies in the Organization of Trading Diasporas’, in Meillassoux, C., ed., The Development of Indigenous Trade and Markets in West Africa (London, 1971), 266281.Google Scholar
Das Gupta, A., ‘Some Attitudes among Eighteenth-century Merchants’, in Das Gupta, U., ed., The World of the Indian Ocean Merchant 1500-1800. Collected Essays of Ashin Das Gupta (Delhi, 2001), 102109.Google Scholar
Lovejoy, P., ‘The Role of the Wangara in the Economic Transformation of the Central Sudan in the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Centuries’, in Subrahmanyam, S., ed., Merchant Networks in the Early Modern World (London, 1996), 2949.Google Scholar
Khatchikian, L., ‘The Ledger of the Merchant Hovhannes Joughayetsi’, in Subrahmanyam, S., ed., Merchant Networks, 125158.Google Scholar
Mentz, S., ‘English Private Trade on the Coromandel Coast, 1660-1690: Diamonds and Country Trade’, Indian Economic and Social History Review 33/2 (1996), 155173.CrossRefGoogle Scholar