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Colonial Wars and Armed Peace, 1870–1914: A Reconnaissance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  22 April 2010

H.L. Wesseling
Affiliation:
Leiden University

Extract

The concepts of war and peace are not as simple as they appear at first glance. Closer scrutiny reveals that reality cannot be reduced to the simple dichotomy expressed by this pair of words. There have after all been wars which were never declared and periods of peace which did not follow peace treaties. Yet this made them no less real. Moreover some acts of war were described euphemistically as ‘punitive expeditions’, ‘punishment raids’, or ‘police operations’ while others were described pejoratively as ‘terrorism’, ‘banditry’, and ‘piracy’. There have been wars which officially lasted seven, nine, thirty, eighty andeven onehundred years although theactual fighting took place within a much shorter period. Conversely there have also been eras of peace which were in fact no more than a truce extending over a number of years. In fact the concepts are so elastic that not only in George Orwell's frightening Newspeak but also in ordinary English one can say that “Waris Peace” if only one adds two adjectives: cold waris armed peace.

Type
Articles
Copyright
Copyright © Research Institute for History, Leiden University 1981

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References

Notes

1 Singer, J.D., Small, T.M., The Wages of War, 1816–1965. A Statistical Handbook (New York etc. 1972). For these criteria, see page 35 ff. With the exception of several refinements, the casualty criterium can be stated as a. 1000 death per party per conflict for an interstate war, or: b. 1000 deaths per year per colonial power for an extra-systemic war.Google Scholar

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