Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-dk4vv Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-22T13:32:41.411Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

“Evil Disposed Netherlanders”: The Dutch West India Company’s Opposition to Danish Activity on the Gold Coast, 1657–1662

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  31 December 2018

Abstract

The aim of this article is to analyse the on-the-spot interaction between agents of the Dutch West India Company and Danish African Company and African rulers on the Gold Coast from 1657 to 1662. The region saw a surge in European activity and rivalry in this period. The Scandinavian trading companies have received less scholarly attention compared to the Dutch and the English. The Danish African Company was an undercover Dutch enterprise, and has traditionally been studied from a purely Dutch or Danish standpoint. However, by combining Dutch and Danish sources and focusing on Dutch opposition to “Danish” activity on the Gold Coast, which incorporated local rulers, the author has challenged nationalistic and Eurocentric approaches in the historiography. Moreover, by concentrating on the forgotten but nonetheless strategically important site of Akong, the author identifies how local dynamics influenced the evolution of the Dutch and Danish maritime empires.

Type
Articles
Copyright
© 2018 Research Institute for History, Leiden University 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

*

Fredrik Hyrum Svensli is a PhD candidate at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU). His most recent publication is “‘A Fine Flintlock, a Pair of Ditto Pistols and a Hat with a Gold Galloon’: Danish Political and Commercial Strategies on the Gold Coast in the Early 18th Century.” In Ports of Globalisation, Places of Creolisation: Nordic Possessions in the Atlantic World During the Era of the Slave Trade, edited by Holger Weiss, 68–100. Leiden: Brill, 2015.

References

Bibliography

Unpublished Primary Sources Google Scholar
Balme Library, University of Ghana, Legon:Google Scholar
- Furley Collection (FC)Google Scholar
The Danish National Archives, Copenhagen (DNA):Google Scholar
- Tyske Kancellis Indenrigske Afdeling (TKIA)Google Scholar
- Tyske Kancellis Udenrigske Afdeling (TKUA)Google Scholar
- Vestindisk-guineisk Kompagni (VgK)Google Scholar
The Dutch National Archives, The Hague (NL-HaNA)Google Scholar
- Archives of the oude West-Indische Compagnie (OWIC)Google Scholar
- Archives of the Staten-Generaal (SG)Google Scholar
- Collectie Aanwinsten Afdeling Kaarten en Tekeningen (AANW)Google Scholar
Stadsarchief Amsterdam (SAA):Google Scholar
- Notarieel Archief (NA)Google Scholar
The Koninklijk Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde, Leiden (KITLV):Google Scholar
- Manuscripts H65 and H68Google Scholar
Published Primary Sources Google Scholar
Bosman, Willem. A New and Accurate Description of the Coast of Guinea, Divided into the Gold, the Slave, and the Ivory Coasts. Edited by John Ralph Willis with notes by J. D. Fage and R. E. Bradbury. London: Frank Cass, 1967.Google Scholar
Brieven, confessie; mitsgaders, advisen van verscheyden rechtsgeleerden in de saeck van Isaac Coymans gegeven; als mede de sententie daer op gevolgt. Rotterdam, 1662.Google Scholar
Chouin, Gérard. Colbert et la Guinée: Le voyage en Guinée de Louis de Hally et Louis Ancelin de Gémozac, 1670–1671. Saint-Maur-des-Fossés, France: Sépia, 2011.Google Scholar
De Jonge, K. J. De oorsprong van Neerland’s bezittingen op de kust van Guinea. The Hague: Nijhoff, 1871.Google Scholar
Jones, Adam. German Sources for West African History, 15991669. Studien zur Kulturkunde 66. Wiesbaden: Steiner, 1983.Google Scholar
Justesen, Ole, ed. Danish Sources for the History of Ghana 16571754, vol. 1, 1657–1735. Fontes Historiae Africanae, Series Varia 8. Copenhagen: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 2005.Google Scholar
Makepeace, Margaret, ed. Trade on the Guinea Coast, 1657–1666: The Correspondence of the English East India Company. African Studies Program monograph. Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1991.Google Scholar
Pamflet Knuttel 8905A. “Remonstrantie aen de Ho: Mo: Heeren de Staten-Generael der Vereenighde Nederlanden: overgegeven den Junij 1664 […].” (Amsterdam 1664). Koninklijke Bibliotheek Den Haag.Google Scholar
Pamflet Knuttel 9005. “Afgedrongen en Welgefondeerde Tegen-Bericht Der Conincklijcke Deensche Geoctroyeerde Affricaansche Guineesche, en in de Hooft verstinghe Gluckstadt opgerichte Compagnie. […].” (Glückstadt 1665). Koninklijke Bibliotheek Den Haag.Google Scholar
Tilleman, Erick. En kort og enfoldig beretning om det landskab Guinea og dets beskaffenhed (1697) / A Short and Simple Account of the Country Guinea and Its Nature. Translated and edited by Selena A. Winsnes. Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1994.Google Scholar

Published Secondary Sources

Boxer, C. R. The Dutch Seaborne Empire. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1990.Google Scholar
Brauner, Christina. Kompanien, Könige und caboceers: Interkulturelle Diplomatie an Gold- und Sklavenküste im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert. Köln: Böhlau Verlag, 2015.Google Scholar
Daaku, Kwame Yeboa. Trade and Politics on the Gold Coast, 1600–1720. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.Google Scholar
Dakubu, Mary Esther Kropp.The Portuguese Language on the Gold Coast, 1471–1807.” Ghana Journal of Linguistics 1:1 (2012): 1533.Google Scholar
Daniels, C. and Kennedy, M. V., eds. Negotiated Empires: Centers and Peripheries in the Americas, 1500–1820. New York: Routledge, 2002.Google Scholar
De Roever, N.Twee concurrenten van de eerste West-Indische Compagnie.” Oud-Holland 7 (1889): 195220.Google Scholar
Den Blanken, W. B. “Imperium in Imperio?” Sovereign Powers of the First Dutch West India Company. Master’s thesis. Leiden: Leiden University, 2012.Google Scholar
Den Heijer, Henk. Goud, ivoor en slaven: scheepvaart en handel van de Tweede Westindische Compagnie op Afrika, 1674–1740. Zutphen: Walburg Pers, 1997.Google Scholar
Den Heijer, Henk. “Een dienaar van vele heren. De Atlantische carrière van Hendrick Caerloff.” In Het Verre Gezicht. Politieke en culturele relaties tussen Nederland en Azië, Afrika en Amerika. Opstellen aangeboden aan Prof. Dr. Leonard Blussé, edited by J. Thomas Lindblad and Alicia Schrikker, 162180. Franeker: Van Wijnen, 2011.Google Scholar
Feinberg, Harvey M.‘Africans and Europeans in West Africa’: Elminans and Dutchmen on the Gold Coast During the Eighteenth Century.” Transactions of the American Philosophical Society 79:7 (1989): i–xvi+1–186.Google Scholar
Gould, Eliga H.Entangled Histories, Entangled Worlds: The English-Speaking Atlantic As a Spanish Periphery.” The American Historical Review 112 (2007): 764786.Google Scholar
Hernæs, Per O., ed. Danmark og kolonierne: Vestafrika: Forterne på Guldkysten. Copenhagen: Gads Forlag, 2017.Google Scholar
Justesen, Ole.Kolonierne i Afrika.” In Kolonierne i Asien og Afrika, Danmarks historie. Copenhagen: Politikens Forlag, 1980.Google Scholar
Kea, Ray A.Administration and Trade in the Akwamu Empire, 1681–1730.” In West African Culture Dynamics: Archaeological and Historical Perspectives, edited by B. K. Swartz and Raymond E. Dumett, 371391. The Hague: Mouton Publishers, 1980.Google Scholar
Kea, Ray A.. “‘I Am Here to Plunder on the General Road’: Bandits and Banditry in the Pre-Nineteenth Century Gold Coast.” In Banditry, Rebellion and Social Protest in Africa, edited by Donald Crummey, 109132. London: James Currey, 1986.Google Scholar
Kea, Ray A.. Settlements, Trade and Polities in the Seventeenth-Century Gold Coast. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.Google Scholar
Kea, Ray A.. Trade, State Formation and Warfare on the Gold Coast, 1600–1826. PhD diss., University of London, 1974.Google Scholar
Klooster, Wim. The Dutch Moment: War, Trade, and Settlement in the Seventeenth-Century Atlantic World. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2016.Google Scholar
Kwadwo Osei-Tutu, John. “Introduction.” In Forts, Castles and Society in West Africa, 1450–1960, edited by John Kwadwo Osei-Tutu, 424. Leiden: Brill, 2018.Google Scholar
Law, Robin. “‘Here Is No Resisting the Country’: The Realities of Power in Afro-European Relations on the West African ‘Slave Coast.’” Itinerario 18:2 (1994): 5064.Google Scholar
Meuwese, Mark. Brothers in Arms, Partners in Trade: Dutch-Indigenous Alliances in the Atlantic World, 1595–1674. Leiden: Brill, 2011.Google Scholar
Nováky, György. Handelskompanier och kompanihandel: Svenska Afrikakompaniet 1649–1663, en studie i feodal handel. Studia historica Upsaliensia, vol. 159. Uppsala: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1990.Google Scholar
Nørregaard, Georg. Guldkysten. Vore gamle tropekolonier, vol. 8, 2nd ed. Copenhagen: Det Hoffenbergske Etablissement, 1968.Google Scholar
Oostindie, Gert and, Roitman, Jessica V.. “Introduction.” In Dutch Atlantic Connections, 1680–1800: Linking Empires, Bridging Borders, edited by G. J. Oostindie and J. V. Roitman, 121. Leiden: Brill, 2014.Google Scholar
Porter, Robert. “The Crispe Family and the African Trade in the Seventeenth Century.” Journal of African History 9:1 (1968): 5777.Google Scholar
Porter, Robert. European Activity on the Gold Coast, 1620–1667. PhD diss., University of South Africa, 1975.Google Scholar
Quaye, Irene (Odotei). The Ga and Their Neighbours, 1600–1742. PhD diss., University of Ghana, 1972.Google Scholar
Ribeiro da Silva, Filipa. Dutch and Portuguese in Western Africa: Empires, Merchants and the Atlantic System, 1580–1674. Leiden: Brill, 2011.Google Scholar
Shumway, Rebecca. The Fante and the Transatlantic Slave Trade. Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 2011.Google Scholar
Sieveking, Heinrich. “Die Glückstädter Guineafahrt im 17. Jahrhundert. Ein Stück deutscher Kolonialgeschichte.” Vierteljahrschrift für Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte 30 (1937): 1971.Google Scholar
Thornton, John. Africa and Africans in the Making of the Atlantic World, 1400–1800. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.Google Scholar
Van Dantzig, Albert. “The Akanists: A West African Hansa.” In West African Economic and Social History: Studies in Memory of Marion Johnson, edited by David Henige and T. C. McCaskie, 205216. Madison: University of Wisconsin, 1990.Google Scholar
Van Dantzig, Albert. Forts and Castles of Ghana. Accra, Ghana: Sedco Publishing, 1980.Google Scholar
Van Dantzig, Albert. “The Furley Collection: Its Value and Limitations for the Study of Ghana’s History.” In European Sources for Sub-Saharan Africa before 1900: Use and Abuse. Paideuma: Mitteilungen zur Kulturkunde, edited by Beatrix Heintze and Adam Jones, vol. 33: 423432. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1987.Google Scholar
Van Dantzig, Albert. Les Hollandais sur la Cote de Guinee: A l’epoque de l’essor de l’Ashanti et du Dahomey 1680–1740. Paris: Société Françhise d’Histoire d’Outre-Mer, 1980.Google Scholar
Vogt, John. Portuguese Rule on the Gold Coast, 1469–1682. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1979.Google Scholar