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SINDACATO E CONSOLIDAMENTO DEMOCRATICO

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2018

Davide Grassi

Introduzione

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Le recenti transizioni democratiche in America latina e nell'Europa del Sud hanno messo in evidenza la speciale posizione dei sindacati tra le forze della società civile che reagiscono con un'accresciuta mobilitazione all'avvio della liberalizzazione in seno a regimi autoritari (Berins Collier e Mahoney 1997). Le organizzazioni sindacali, infatti, hanno generalmente la capacità di promuovere, in momenti critici, una mobilitazione più ampia ed efficace rispetto ad altri gruppi sociali. Esse non solo possiedono reti organizzative che, attraverso strutture più o meno permanenti, facilitano lo svolgimento di proteste e dimostrazioni, ma possono anche contare su schiere di militanti con specifici interessi in comune e su identità collettive politicamente definite. A differenza di gruppi come le organizzazioni degli studenti e le associazioni religiose o di quartiere, inoltre, i sindacati possono colpire e danneggiare direttamente l'economia attraverso rivendicazioni salariali e scioperi (Valenzuela 1988, 3; Cella 1990, 17). La concomitanza delle transizioni politiche più recenti con una perdurante e diffusa crisi economica e con ripetuti tentativi di stabilizzazione e riforma hanno reso ancora più temibile questa capacità. Utilizzando poteri coercitivi garantiti dallo stato, o la semplice forza della persuasione, il sindacato, d'altra parte, può convincere la propria base ad aspettare sino a che le riforme producano dei risultati, contribuendo così a ridurre i livelli del conflitto sociale (Przeworski 1991, 181).

Summary

Summary

Trade unions are crucial actors in the consolidation of democracy: they retain organizational networks which facilitate an effective mobi lization of political support, rely upon a clearly defined collective identity, and can strategically use their power to control or exacerbate social conflict. The relationship between democratization, industrial relations and the position of trade unions has been differently explained in the literature by political, organizational and economic factors. The article investigates this relationship suggesting two relevant analytical dimensions – the degree of autonomy enjoyed by trade unions in the on with their counterparts, and their political mobilization on behalf of the government – and applying them to several cases of recent democratization both in South-America and Southern Europe.

Type
Ricerche
Information
Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 28 , Issue 2 , August 1998 , pp. 321 - 355
Copyright
Copyright © Societ Italiana di Scienza Politica 

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