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L'IDENTIFICAZIONE DI PARTITO IN ITALIA: DUE INDICI A CONFRONTO

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  17 July 2018

Stefano Palma

Introduzione

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Componente importante e spesso frequentata degli studi sul comportamento politico, la party identification è un concetto che in Italia e, più in generale, in Europa, è stato sovente utilizzato senza una chiara indagine dei significati che può venire ad assumere in contesti di volta in volta differenti. Sviluppato negli anni ‘50 dai ricercatori del Michigan Group come elemento centrale nella spiegazione del comportamento elettorale e delle motivazioni di voto dell'elettore americano, la party identification è stata impiegata svariate volte in contesti nazionali diversi da quello americano per storia, struttura politica e sociale, cultura. Un concetto, dunque, che ha avuto molte «traduzioni», linguistiche e culturali, non sempre ininfluenti sui significati e le dimensioni originarie.

Il modello dell'équipe di Campbell costituisce, tuttavia, un punto di riferimento obbligato, ogniqualvólta si voglia parlare di identificazione di partito; si tratterà poi di stabilire se la nozione di identificazione a cui si fa riferimento possa ancora essere considerata conforme con l'originale costrutto, oppure ci si trovi di fronte ad un nuovo concetto, differente e non riconducibile al primo.

Summary

Summary

The article deals with the possibility of transferring the concept of party identification from the United States political context, where it first originated, to the Italian one. The problems related to the redefinition of the indicators are here discussed in order to use this concept in a situation which is different for its historical, social and institutional background.

Using data from the research project «Political culture in Southern Europe», the author emphasizes the heterogeneity of attitudes and political orientations included in the notion of party identification in Italy and builds a typological index in order to distinguish two different ways of being identified. The one represents an instrument to guide those citizens who lack of information and cultural resources in the perception of the political actors and in their electoral decision, while the other involves a belonging that, starting from well-structured political orientations, reaches a party and recognizes it as a force able to give general expression to the individual identity. Two ways of party identification that share the same political behaviours, despite involving electors with different features and outlining different relationships between electors and their parties.

Type
NOTE
Information
Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 23 , Issue 2 , August 1993 , pp. 349 - 379
Copyright
Copyright © Societ Italiana di Scienza Politica 

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