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LA POLITICA DELLA SECESSIONE
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 17 July 2018
Introduzione
Un nuovo termine sta facendo irruzione nel nostro lessico politico corrente: secessione. E con esso, un nuovo fantasma s'aggira anche per l'Italia. Dopo e accanto alla questione settentrionale, al federalismo e al problema del senso di nazione, con la parola d'ordine «secessione» è ancora una volta la Lega a ridefinire l'arena del dibattito politico, introducendovi temi di riflessione inediti o trascurati nel nostro paese. Suo malgrado, essendo di altra natura i suoi intenti, il leghismo ci costringe ad affrontare importanti questioni politico-culturali. A dispetto del dubbio spessore della cultura politica della sua leadership, con le sue iniziative ad effetto, spregiudicate e talora preoccupanti, il leghismo sta certamente contribuendo ad un progressivo rifacimento del linguaggio politico di casa nostra. In particolare, con i proclami secessionisti del leghismo «padano» emerge ancora una volta la centralità della dimensione territoriale in politica. Siamo insomma di fronte ad un tipico problema di «politicizzazione del territorio». Ma siamo altresì collocati sul terreno della politica: della «politica della secessione».
Summary
Secession represents a critical issue in the political sphere as well as a serious conceptual challenge to sociopolitical analysis. With secession is at stake the unity of a political community, typically, in the modern world, the unity of nation-State. This essay holds that secession has fundamentally a political status, even though secessionist movements often appeal to a differentiated set of claims or reasons (cultural, historical, economic). But what does it mean to consider secession as a matter of politics? Why does secession conflict is with nation- State sovereignty? Which kind of explanation is offered by the international literature focused on normative and moral dimensions? Which difficulties characterize such an approach? Acknowledging a «right of secession» implies breaking with democratic principles and practices? Under which conditions political movements are identifiable as legitimate secessionist subjects? In order to deal with such controversial questions, the essay suggests to link socio-structural perspectives with the action perspectives and outlines a framework for analysis based on a theory of coercive conflict that calls for a rethinking of some classical political categories and for their reformulation as conceptual instruments by which political analysis can treat secessionism as an enlightening case of divisive political conflict in democracy. Political fight for «recognition» and «political damaging of the adversary » are in such a context crucial keys to understand characters and dynamics of secessionist conflicts through which members of political communities, their mobilizing and representative organizations, decide «who they are» and «who to obey to» – and deal with political collective membership/identity problems and with political obligation problems. Considerations developed here can contribute to throw some light on historical and contemporary cases of secessionism, but also on the secessionism proposed by the Italian Lega.
- Type
- Note
- Information
- Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 28 , Issue 1 , April 1998 , pp. 119 - 156
- Copyright
- Copyright © Societ Italiana di Scienza Politica
References
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