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IL GOVERNO DIVISO NEGLI STATI UNITI

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  14 June 2016

Morris P. Fiorina
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Introduzione

Negli ultimi venticinque anni ci siamo preoccupati del «ri-allineamento elettorale». Oggi non piò. Il ri-allineamento – almeno come è stato tradizionalmente concepito – appare un concetto inutilizzabile (Ladd 1989; Silbey 1989). Abbiamo atteso il ri-allineamento dal 1964, ed ogni volta il consenso accademico annunciava: «No, non è ancora arrivato». Ma, ri-allineamento o meno, la politica americana dell'ultimo quarto di secolo si è comunque trasformata. In particolare, sembra che si sia consolidato un «modello» persistente di governo diviso. Il candidato repubblicano George Bush ha vinto con facilità nel 1988, affermandosi in quaranta stati con il 54% del voto popolare. Ma nello stesso tempo, i candidati democratici conquistarono 260 dei 435 seggi della Camera dei rappresentanti e 18 dei 33 seggi in palio del Senato, facendo sì che il Congresso rimanesse sotto il controllo dei democratici. Tale risultato elettorale diviso non ha sorpreso nessuno: tre delle otto precedenti elezioni presidenziali (1956, 1968, 1972) hanno prodotto la stessa divisione, ed altre due (1980, 1984) hanno collocato la Presidenza e il Senato su un fronte opposto a quello della Camera dei rappresentanti. Delle ultime nove elezioni presidenziali, solamente tre (1960, 1964, 1976) hanno dato ad un partito il controllo sia della Presidenza che di entrambe le camere del Congresso. Se George Bush venisse riconfermato e il controllo della Camera dei rappresentanti da parte dei democratici continuasse, allora i futuri studenti universitari del 1996 non ricorderebbero nessun periodo di governo unificato: e lo stesso interludio di Carter si perderebbe nelle foschie della loro memoria infantile.

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Saggi
Information
Italian Political Science Review / Rivista Italiana di Scienza Politica , Volume 22 , Issue 2 , August 1992 , pp. 195 - 232
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Copyright © Società Italiana di Scienza Politica 

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References

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