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Negative outcomes in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder comorbid with oppositional defiant disorder

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  26 January 2015

A. B. Ayaz ,
M. Ayaz  and
E. Kayan
A. B. Ayaz*
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Marmara University Pendik Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
M. Ayaz
Affiliation:
Department of Child Development, School of Health Sciences, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Turkey
E. Kayan
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Çanakkale State Hospital, Çanakkale, Turkey
*
*Address for correspondence: Dr Ayşe Burcu Ayaz, MD, Orta Mahalle, Yalnız Selvi Sok, Gonca Sitesi B Blok, No:3/11, Soğanlık, Kartal, Istanbul. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

Objectives

In children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the comorbidity of the oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) negatively affects the course of ADHD. The purpose of this study was to compare ADHD-diagnosed children with and without ODD comorbidity in terms of smoking, psychoactive substance use, disciplinary punishments at school, criminal behaviors, and unintentional injuries.

Methods

This study included 109 children diagnosed with ADHD alone and 79 children with the ADHD-ODD comorbidity from a child psychiatry outpatient clinic. The children who participated in the study were aged between 6 and 15 years. Diagnoses of the children were determined by child psychiatrists according to DSM-IV criteria, and the Turgay DSM-IV-based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale-Parents Form was used to support the diagnosis in initial evaluations of children. Forty-six to fifty months after the first admission, parents were questioned regarding all negative outcomes from the time of first diagnosis to the time of the evaluation by phone.

Results

The groups were compared in terms of smoking, psychoactive substance use, disciplinary punishments at school, criminal behaviors, and unintentional injuries over a period of 4 years. The ODD-ADHD group was determined to have higher rates of disciplinary punishments at school, smoking, and unintentional injuries compared with the ADHD group. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of criminal behaviors and psychoactive substance use.

Conclusions

The ODD comorbidity increases the risk of negative outcomes in children diagnosed with ADHD.

Keywords

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorderchildrencomorbiditynegative outcomeoppositional defiant disorder
Type
Original Research
Information
Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine , Volume 32 , Issue 4 , December 2015 , pp. 307 - 312
Copyright
© College of Psychiatrists of Ireland 2015 

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