Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T06:32:20.780Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

The molecular genetics of affective disorders: An overview

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 June 2014

Lesley A Mynett-Johnson  and
Patrick McKeon
Lesley A Mynett-Johnson
Affiliation:
Department of Genetics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
Patrick McKeon
Affiliation:
Depression Research Unit, St Patrick's Hospital, Dublin 8, Ireland
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective: Genetic mapping, the method of comparing an inheritance pattern of a disease to that of a chromosomal region, has brought about a revolution in the field of human inherited diseases. Diseases which exhibit a more complex pattern of inheritance now afford the next challange in the application of genetic mapping to the field of human disease. This article aims to review the application of genetic mapping to affective disorders.

Method: Review of literature concerning the molecular genetics of affective disorders.

Findings: This article describes the evidence for a genetic role in affective disorders, reviews the research to date and describes the difficulties arising out of the complex nature of these disorders.

Conclusions: Although progress to date in psychiatric genetics has been somewhat disappointing, the combined approach of using all the genetic tools currently available on large collections of affected individuals and families should enable the genetic basis of affective disorders to be identified.

Keywords

Affective disordersRecombination, geneticPolymerase chain reactionLinkage, genetic
Type
Reviews
Information
Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine , Volume 13 , Issue 4 , December 1996 , pp. 155 - 161
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 1996

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Tsuang, MT, Farone, SV. The genetics of mood disorders. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.Google Scholar
2.Bertelsen, A, Harvald, B, Hauge, M. A Danish twin study of manic-depressive disorders. Br J Psychiatry 1977; 130: 330–51.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
3.McCuffin, P, Katz, R. Nature, nurture and affective disorder. In: Deakin, JFW, ed. The biology of affective disorders. London: Royal College of Psychiatrists, Gaskell Press, 1986:26–51.Google Scholar
4.McGuffin, P, Katz, R. The genetics of depression: current approaches. Br J Psychiatry 1989; 155(Suppl 6): 18–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
5.Von, Knorring AL, Cloninger, CR, Bohman, M, Sigvardsson, S. An adoption study of depressive disorders and substance abuse. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983; 40: 943–50.Google Scholar
6.Mendlewitz, J, Rainer, JD. Adoption study supporting genetic transmission in manicdepressive illness. Nature 1977; 268: 327–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Slater, E, Tsuang, MT. Abnormality on paternal and maternal sides: observations in schizophrenia and manic-depression. J Med Genet 1968; 5: 197–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Morton, NE, MacLean, CJ. Analysis of family resemblance. III. Complex segregation analysis of quantitative traits. Am J Hum Genet 1974; 26: 489–503.Google Scholar
9.Rice, J, Reich, T, Andreasen, NC, etal.The familial transmission of bipolar illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1987; 44: 441–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
10.Plomin, R, Owen, MJ, McGuffin, P. The genetic basis of complex human behaviours. Science 1994; 264: 1733–9.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Goate, A, Chartier-Harlin, M-C, Mullan, M, et al.Segregation of a missense mutation in the amyloid precursor protein gene with familial Alzheimer's disease. Nature 1991; 349: 704–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Schellenberg, GD, Bird, TD, Wijsman, EM, et al.Genetic linkage evidence for a familial Alzheimer's disease locus on chromosome 14. Science 1992; 258: 668–71.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
13.Hall, JM, Lee, MK, Newman, B, et al.Linkage of early-onset familial breast cancer to chromosome 17q21. Science 1990; 250: 1684–89.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Saiki, RK, Sharf, S, Faloona, F, et al.Enzymatic amplification of beta-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science 1985; 230: 1350–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
15.Ott, J. Analysis of Human Genetic Linkage. 2nd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1991.Google Scholar
16.Lathrop, GM, Lalouel, JM, Julier, C, Ott, J. Strategies for multilocus linkage analysis in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1984; 81: 3443–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Neiswanger, K, Slaugenhaupt, SA, Hughes, HB, et al.Evidence against close linkage of unipolar affective illness to human chromosome 11p markers HRAS1 and INS and chromosome Xq marker DXS52. Biol Psychiatry 1990; 28: 63–72.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
18.Spitzer, RL, Endicott, J, Robins, E. Research diagnostic criteria rationale and reliability. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1978; 35: 773–82.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
19.Wing, JK, Cooper, JE, Sartorius, N. The measurement of classification of psychiatric symptoms. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974.Google Scholar
20.McGuffin, P, Farmer, AE, Harvey, I. A polydiagnostic application of operational criteria in studies of psychotic illness: development and reliability of the OPCRIT system. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1991; 48: 764–70.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
21.Egeland, JA, Gerhard, DS, Pauls, DL, et al.Bipolar affective disorder linked to DNA markers on chromosome 11. Nature 1987; 325: 783–7.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Terwilliger, JD, Ott, J. Handbook of human genetic linkage. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1994.Google Scholar
23.Holzman, PS. Eye movement dysfunction and psychosis. Int Rev Neurobiol 1985; 27: 179–205.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.Klerman, GL, Lavori, PW, Rice, J, et al.Birth-cohort trends in rates of major depressive disorder among relatives of patients with affective disorders. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1985; 42: 689–93.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
25.Martinez, M, Khlat, M, Leboyer, M, Clerget-Darpoux, F. Performance of linkage analysis under misclassification error when the genetic model is unknown. Genet Epidemiol 1989; 6: 253–8.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
26.Simpson, SG, Folstein, SE, Meyers, DA, DePaulo, JR. Assessment of lineality in bipolar I linkage studies. Am J Psychiatry 1992; 149: 1660–5.Google ScholarPubMed
27.Corder, EH, Saunders, AM, Strittmatter, WJ, et al.Gene dose of apolipoprotein E type 4 allele and the risk of Alzheimer's disease in late onset families. Science 1993; 261:921–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Pericak-Vance, MA, Bebout, JL, Gaskell, PC, et al.Linkage studies in familial Alzheimer disease: evidence for chromosome 19 linkage. Am J Hum Genet 1991; 48: 1034–50.Google ScholarPubMed
29.Green, JR, Woodrow, JC. Sibling Pair method for detecting HLA-linked genes in disease. Tissue Antigens 1977; 9: 31–5.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
30.Falk, CT, Rubinstein, P. Haplotype relative risks: an easy reliable way to construct a proper control sample for risk calculations. Ann Hum Genet 1987; 51: 227–33.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Cambien, F, Poirier, O, Lecerf, L, et al.Deletion polymorphism in the gene for angiotensin-converting enzyme is a potent risk factor for myocardial infarction. Nature 1992; 359: 641–4.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
32.Niznik, HB, Van, Tol HH. Dopamine receptor genes: new tools for molecular psychiatry. J Psychiatry Neurosci 1992; 17(Suppl 4): 158–79.Google ScholarPubMed
33.Bernasconi, R. The GABA hypothesis of affective illness: influence of clinically effective anti manic drugs on GABA turnover. In: Emrich, HM, Lalbendoff, JB, Lux, HD, eds. Basic mechanisms in the action of lithium. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1982:183–92.Google Scholar
34.Kennedy, SH, Tighe, S, McVey, G, Brown, GM. Melatonin and Cortisol “switches” during mania, depression and euthymia in a drug-free bipolar patient. J Nerv Ment Dis 1989; 177: 300–3.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
35.Amsterdam, JD, Winokur, A, Lucki, I, Caroff, S, Snyder, P, Rickels, A. A neuroendocrine test battery in bipolar patients and healthy subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1983; 40: 515–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Hullin, RP, Goodwin, JC, Birch, NJ. The determination of sodium, potassium and lithium concentrations in erythrocytes. Biochem Soc Trans 1976; 4: 331–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
37.Carman, JS, Wyatt, RJ. Calcium: pacesetting the periodic psychoses. Am J Psychiatry 1979; 136: 1035–9.Google ScholarPubMed
38.Craddock, N, Dawson, E, Burge, S, et al.The gene for Darier's disease maps to chromosome 12q23-q24.1. Hum Mol Genet 1993; 2(11): 1941–3.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
39.Bashir, R, Munro, CS, Mason, S, Stephenson, A, Rees, JL, Strachan, T. Localisation of a gene for Darier's disease. Hum Mol Genet 1993; 2(11): 1937–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
40.Ikeda, S, Welsh, EA, Peluso, AM, et al.Localisation of the gene whose mutations underlie Hailey-Hailey disease to chromosome 3q. Hum Mol Genet 1994; 3: 1147–50.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
41.Antonarakis, S. Genome linkage scanning: systematic or intelligent? Nat Genet 1994; 8:211–2.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
42.Mendlewitz, J, Fleiss, JL, Fieve, RR. Evidence for X-linkage in the transmission of manic-depressive illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1972; 32: 309–14.Google Scholar
43.Baron, M. Linkage between an X-chromosome marker (Deutan colour blindness) and bipolar affective illness: occurrence in the family of a lithium carbonate responsive schizoaffective proband. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977; 34: 721–5.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
44.Baron, M, Risch, N, Hamburger, R, et al.Genetic linkage between X-chromosome markers and bipolar affective illness. Nature 1987;326:289–292.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
45.Mendlewitz, J, Linkowski, P, Wilmotte, J. Linkage between glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and manic-depressive psychosis. Br J Psychiatry 1980; 137: 337–42.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
46.Del, Zompo M, Bocchetta, A, Goldin, LR, Corsini, GU. Linkage between X-chromosome markers and manic-depressive illness. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1984; 70: 282–7.Google Scholar
47.Fieve, RR, Mendlewitz, J, Fleiss, JL. Manic-Depressive illness: linkage with the Xg blood group. Am J Psychiatry 1973; 130: 1355–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
48.Baron, M, Freimer, NF, Risch, N, et al.Diminished support for linkage between manic depressive illness and X-chromosome in three Israeli pedigrees. Nat Genet 1993; 3: 49–55.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49.Hebebrand, J. A critical appraisal of X-linked bipolar illness. Evidence for the assumed inheritance is lacking. Br J Psychiatry 1992; 160:7–11.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
50.Baron, M, Straub, RE, Lehner, T, et al.Bipolar disorder and linkage to Xq28 [Letter]. Nat Genet 1994; 7: 461.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
51.Gill, M, McKeon, P, Humphries, P. Linkage analysis of manic depression in an Irish family using the H-rasI and INS DNA markers. J Med Genet 1988; 25: 634–7.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
52.Mitchell, P, Waters, B, Morrison, N, Shine, J, Donald, J, Eisman, J. Close linkage of bipolar disorder to chromosome 11 markers is excluded in two large Australian pedigrees. J Affect Disord 1991; 21: 23–32.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53.Byerley, W, Plaetke, R, Hoff, M, et al.Tyrosine Hydroxylase gene is not linked to manic depression in seven of eight pedigrees. Hum Hered 1992; 42: 259–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54.Kelsoe, JR, Ginns, EI, Egeland, J, et al.Re-evaluation of the linkage relationship between chromosome 11 p loci and the gene for bipolar affective disorder in the old order Amish. Nature 1989; 342:238–43.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
55.Berrettini, WH, Ferraro, TN, Goldin, LR, et al.Chromosome 18 DNA markers and manic-depressive illness: evidence for a susceptibility gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci 1994; 91: 5918–21.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
56.Straub, RE, Lehner, T, Luo, Y, et al.A possible vulnerability locus for bipolar affective disorder on chromosome 21q22.3. Nat Genet 1994; 8: 291–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
57.Davies, JL, Kawaguchi, Y, Bennet, ST, et al.A genome-wide search for human type-1 diabetes susceptibility genes. Nature 1994; 371: 130–6.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed