Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T18:39:05.017Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Investigation of schema modes currently activated in patients with psychiatric disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 June 2014

Muhammad Tahir Khalily ,
Anna Paulina Wota  and
Brian Hallahan
Muhammad Tahir Khalily*
Affiliation:
Psychology Department, Roscommon Mental Health Services, Ireland and Clinical Supervisor for D Psych Sc, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland, Galway
Anna Paulina Wota
Affiliation:
Department of Psychology, University of Bielefeld Germany
Brian Hallahan
Affiliation:
Roscommon County Hospital and Honorary Research Fellow, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
*
*Correspondence Email: [email protected].
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate schema modes currently activated in individuals with psychiatric disorders and to attain a greater understanding of healthy and dysfunctional schema modes in this population. Furthermore, we wish to ascertain if individuals who fulfil criteria for clinical (psychiatric) disorders with the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), also manifest dysfunctional modes and weaker healthy modes on the Schema Mode Inventory (SMI).

Method: Fifty individuals were administered the MMPI and SMI during routine psychological assessments between September 2008 and June 2010.

Results: Both healthy schema modes (Happy Child (HC) and dysfunctional schema modes (Compliant Surrender (CS), Detached Self-soother (DSS) and Demanding Parent (DP)) were evident in this population. Positive correlations were noted between several dysfunctional schema modes from the Child, Maladaptive Coping and Maladaptive Parent domains of the SMI and several scales of the MMPI including: Depression (D), Psychopathic deviate (Pd), Masculine feminine (Mf), Paranoia (Pa), Psychasthenia (Ps), Mania (Ma), Schizophrenia (Sc), and Social introversion (Si) (p < 0.001). A negative correlation (p < 0.001) was found between the Healthy Adult (HA) and Happy Child (HC) schema modes of the SMI and the Hypochondriasis (Hs), Depression (D), Psychopathic deviate (Pd), Psychasthenia (Pt), and Social introversion (Si) scales of MMPI.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence of several dysfunctional schema modes in individuals with a wide range of clinical (psychiatric) disorders and a strong correlation between dysfunctional schema modes and clinical disorders of the MMPI. The SMI can aid in the assessment and understanding of individuals with a wide range of psychiatric disorders and can also form the basis for Schema Focused Therapy (SFT), a therapy showing promise for a number of clinical conditions, particularly borderline personality disorder.

Keywords

Schema modesMMPISMICorrelationDysfunctional modeHealthy Mode
Type
Original Papers
Information
Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine , Volume 28 , Issue 2 , June 2011 , pp. 76 - 81
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2011

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.Bamber, M.The good, the bad and defenseless Jimmy - A single case of Schema mode therapy. Clin Psychol Psychother 2008; 11: 425–438.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Young, J, Klosko, J, Weishaar, M.Schema Therapy: a Practitioner Guide. The Guilford Press 2003.Google Scholar
3.Perocelli, V, Glaser, A, Calhoun, B, Campbell, F.Early Maladaptive Schemas of Personality disorder subtypes. J Pers Disord 2001; 15: 546–559.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
4.Lobbestael, J, Van Vreeswijk, F, Arntz, A.Shedding light on schema modes: A clarification of the mode concept and its current research status. Neth J Psychol 2007; 63: 76–85.Google Scholar
5.Lobbestael, J, Van Vreeswijk, M, Spinhoven, P, Schouten, E, Arntz, A.Reliability and validity of the short Schema Mode Inventory (SMI). Behav Cogn Psychother 2010; 38: 437–458.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
6.Lobbestael, J, Arntz, A, Sieswerda, S.Schema modes and childhood abuse in borderline and antisocial personality disorder. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2005; 36: 240–253.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
7.Young, J, Atkinson, T, Arntz, A, Weishaar, M.The young Atkinson Mode Inventory (YAMI-PM, 1B). New York: Schema Therapy Institute, 2005.Google Scholar
8.Arntz, A, Klokman, J, Sieswerda, S.An experimental test of the schema mode model of borderline personality disorder. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2005; 36: 226–239.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
9.Young, J, Klosko, J.Reinventing your life. New York: Plume, 1994.Google Scholar
10.Berstein, P, Arntz, A, de Vos, E.Schema Focused therapy in forensic setting theoretical model and recommendation for best clinical practice. Int J For Mental Health 2007; 6: 169–183.Google Scholar
11.Nordahl, M, Nysaeter, E.Schema therapy for Patients with borderline Personality disorder: a single case series. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2005; 36: 254–264.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
12.Hathaway, S, McKinley, J.Manual for administration and scoring Minnesota Multiphasic Inventory-2 Prepared by the University of Minnesota Press. Minneapolis, Minnesota: University of Minnesota Press, 1989.Google Scholar
13.Lobbestael, J, Van Vreeswijk, M, Arntz, A.An empirical test of Schema mode conceptualisation in personality disorders. Behav Res Ther 2008; 46: 854–860.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Beck, A, Rush, A, Shaw, B, Emery, G.Cognitive therapy of depression: The role of emotions in cognitive therapy. Ed. New York, NY: Guildford Press, 1979.Google Scholar
15.Sihvola, E, Rose, RJ, Dick, DM, Pulkkinen, L, Marttunen, M, Kaprio, J.Early-onset depressive disorders predict the use of addictive substances in adolescence: a prospective study of adolescent Finnish twins. Addiction 2008; 103: 2045–2053.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
16.Saban, A, Flisher, AJ.The association between psychopathology and substance use in young people: a review of the literature. J Psychoactive Drugs 2010; 42: 37–47.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
17.Quilty, LC, Watson, C, Robinson, JJ, Toneatto, T, Bagby, RM.The prevalence and course of pathological gambling in the mood disorders. J Gamb Stud 2010; in press.Google Scholar
18.Blaszcynski, A, McConaghy, N.Anxiety and/or depression in the pathogenesis of addictive gabling. Int J Addict 1989; 24: 337–350.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
19.Fergusson, DM, Boden, JM, Horwood, LJ.Structural models of the coorbidity of internalizing disorders and substance use disorders in a longitudinal birth cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2010; in press.Google Scholar
20.Van Vreeswijk, M, Arntz, A.Shedding light on schema modes: A clarification of the mode concept and its current research status. Neth J Psychol 2007; 63:76–85.Google Scholar
21.Giesen-Bloo, J, Van Dyck, R, Spinhoven, Pet al.Outpatient psychotherapy for borderline personality disorder: Randomised trial of schema-focused therapy vs transference – focused psychotherapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2006; 63: 649–658.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
22.Young, J.Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema focused Approach. Sarasto: Professional Resource Exchange, Inc. 1990.Google Scholar