Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-fscjk Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-24T16:58:49.931Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Evidence for use of depot neuroleptic medication

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 June 2014

MacDara McCauley  and
Gerard Connolly
MacDara McCauley
Affiliation:
St Davnet's Hospital, Monaghan, Ireland
Gerard Connolly
Affiliation:
University College Dublin/Mater Hospital, Eccles St, Dublin 7, Ireland
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Objective: To review the evidence guiding conventional and atypical depot neuroleptic usage.

Method: A search of biomedical electronic databases including Medline, Embase, PsychInfo and Cochrane was performed. Hand searching of journals was also carried out.

Results: Depot neuroleptics are safe and effective in the maintenance treatment of patients with schizophrenia. There is some evidence to support the use of depot neuroleptics in illnesses other than schizophrenia. The evidence base guiding depot usage is sparse.

Conclusions: Although guidelines are emerging there is a pressing need for rigorous well designed trials of depot antipsychotic usage. The advent of atypical depot antipsychotic preparations should stimulate research in this important area of clinical practice.

Keywords

DepotComplianceDoseFrequency
Type
Reviews
Information
Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine , Volume 21 , Issue 3 , September 2004 , pp. 95 - 99
Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2004

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1.National Institute of Mental Health Psychopharmacology service centre study group. Phenothiazine treatment in schizophrenia. Arch Gen Psych 1964; 10: 246–261.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
2.Oavis, JM, Andriukaitis, S. The natural course of schizophrenia and effective maintenance drug treatment. J Clin Psychopharm 1986; 6: 2S–10S.Google Scholar
3.Weiden, PJ, Olfson, M. Cost of relapse in schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bull 1995; 21: 419–429.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
4.Simpson, GM. A brief history of depot neuroleptics. J Clin Psych 1984; 45: 3–4.Google ScholarPubMed
5.Johnson, DA. Observations on the use of long-acting depot neuroleptic injections in the maintenance of schizophrenia. J Clin Psych 1984; 45:13–21.Google ScholarPubMed
6.Barnes, TR, Curson, DA. Long-term depot antipsychotics. A risk-benefit assessment. Drug Safety 1994; 10: 464–479.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
7.Davis, JM, Matalon, L, Watanabe, MDet al.Depot antipsychotics. Place in therapy. Drugs 1994; 47: 741–773.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
8.Taylor, D. Depot antipsychotics revisited. Psych Bull 1999; 23: 551–553.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
9.O'Ceallaigh, , Fahy, TA. Is there a role for the depot clinic in the modern management of schizophrenia? Psych Bull 2001; 25:481–484.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
10.Csernansky, JG, Mahmoud, R, Brenner, R. A comparison of risperidone and haloperdol for the prevention of relapse in patients with schizophrenia. N Eng J Med 2002; 346:16–22.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
11.Shen, WW. The need for depot atypical antipsychotics in the US. Psych Serv 1998; 49: 727.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
12.Sarfati, Y, Olivier, V, Bouhassira, M. New antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: a European survey. Encephale 1999; 25: 658–666.Google ScholarPubMed
13.Kane, JM, Eerdekens, M, Lindenmayer, JPet al.Long-acting injectable risperidone: Efficacy and safety of the first long-acting atypical antipsychotic. Am J Psych 2003; 160: 1125–1132.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
14.Geddes, J. Evidence-based medicine and psychiatry. Ir J Psych Med 1997; 14(3): 83–84.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
15.Coutinho, E, Fenton, M, Quraishi, S. Zuclopenthixol decanoate for schizophrenia and other serious mental illnesses. Cochrane Library (2003), issue 3. Oxford: Update Software.Google Scholar
16.Quraishi, S, David, A. Depot flupenthixol decanoate for schizophrenia or other similar psychotic disorders. Cochrane Library (2003), issue 3. Oxford: Update Software.Google Scholar
17.Quraishi, S, David, A. Depot fluspirilene for schizophrenia. Cochrane Library (2003), issue 3. Oxford: Update Software.Google Scholar
18.Quraishi, S, David, A. Depot haloperidol decanoate for schizophrenia. Cochrane Library (2003), issue 3. Oxford: Update Software.Google Scholar
19.Quraishi, S, David, A. Depot perphenazine decanoate and enanthate for schizophrenia. Cochrane Library (2003), issue 3. Oxford: Update Software.Google Scholar
20.Quraishi, S, David, A. Depot pipothiazine palmitate and undecylenate for schizophrenia. Cochrane Library (2003), issue 3. Oxford: Update Software.Google Scholar
21.Quraishi, S, David, A, Adams, CE. Depot bromperidol decanoate for schizophrenia. Cochrane Library (2003), issue 3. Oxford: Update Software.Google Scholar
22.Adams, CE, Eisenbruch, M. Depot fluphenazine for schizophrenia. Cochrane Library (2003), issue 3. Oxford: Update Software.Google Scholar
23.Adams, CE, Fenton, MKP, Quraishi, S, David, AS. Systematic meta review of depot antipsychotic drugs for people with schizophrenia. Br J Psych 2001; 179: 290–299.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
24.McGorry, P. Review: depot antipsychotics are effective and safe for schizophrenia or schizophrenia like illnesses, [commentary]. EBMH 2002; 5: 42.Google ScholarPubMed
25.Dolder, CR, Lacro, JP, Dunn, LB, Jeste, DV. Antipsychotic adherence: is there a difference between typical and atypical agents? Am J Psych 2002; 159: 103–108.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
26.Kane, JM, Aguglia, E, Altamura, ACet al.Guidelines for depot antipsychotic treatment in schizophrenia: European Neuropsychopharmacology Consensus Conference in Siena, Italy. Eur Neuropsychpharmacol 1998; 8:55–66.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
27.Cramer, JA, Rosenheck, R. Compliance with medication regimens for mental and physical disorders. Psychiatr Serv 1998; 49:196–201.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
28.Cochrane, GM, Home, R, Chanez, P. Compliance in asthma. Respir Med 1999; 93: 763–769.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
29.Costa, FV. Compliance with antihypertensive treatment. Clin Exp Hypertens 1996; 18:463–472.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
30.Falloon, RH. Developing and maintaining adherence to long-term drug-taking regimens. Schizophrenia Bull 1984; 10: 412–417.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
31.Remington, GJ, Adams, ME. Depot neuroleptic therapy: clinical considerations. Can J Psych 1995; 40(3Suppl 1): s5–s11.Google ScholarPubMed
32.Thelander, S. Review: haloperidol decanoate is superior to placebo for schizophrenia. EBMH 1999; 2: 84.Google Scholar
33.Farragher, B. Treatment compliance in the Mental Health Service. IMJ 1999; 92: 392–393.Google ScholarPubMed
34.Guy, W. ECDEU Assessment Manual for Psychopharmacology. 1976 Washington DC: US Department of Health, Education and Welfare.Google Scholar
35.Thompson, C. The use of high-dose antipsychotic medication. B J Psych 1994; 164: 448–458.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
36.Eerdekens, M, Fleischhacker, WW, Xie, Yet al.Longterm safety of long-acting risperidone microspheres. Poster, 11th Biennial Winter Workshop on Schizophrenia February 24-March 1, 2002, Davos, Switzerland.Google Scholar
37.Purandane, N, Aitken, L, Joshi, P, Thomas, CS. Use of high-dose depot neuroleptics. Psych Bull 1999; 23: 339–342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
38.Taylor, D, Duncan, D. Antipsychotic depot injections-suggested doses and frequencies. Psych Bull 1995; 19: 357.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
39.Carpenter, WT, Hanlon, TE, Heinrichs, DWet al, Continuous versus targeted medication in schizophrenic outpatients: outcome results. Am J Psych 1990; 147: 1138–1148.Google ScholarPubMed
40.Taylor, D, Paton, C, Kerwin, R. The Maudsley 2003 Prescribing Guidelines 7th Edition. London and New York. Martin Dunitz.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
41.Ereshefsky, L, Sakad, SR, Jann, MWet al.Future of depot neuroleptic therapy: pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic approaches. J Clin Psych 1984; 45: 50.Google ScholarPubMed
42.Taylor, D. Switching from typical to atypical antipsychotics: practical guidelines. CNS Drugs 1997; 8: 285–292.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
43.Tacvar, R, Dernovsek, MZ. Antipsychotic drugs and the risk of homicide. Lancet 2000; 355: 2073.Google Scholar
44.Gilbody, SM, Song, F. Publication bias and integrity of psychiatric research. Psych Med 2000; 30; 253–258.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
45. British National Formulary (BNF) March 2002; Br Med Assc.Google Scholar
46.Anderson, D, Leadbetter, A, Williams, B. In defence of the depot clinic. The consumer's opinion. Psych Bull 1989; 13:177–179.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
47.Periera, S, Pinto, R. A survey of the attitudes of chronic psychiatric patients living in the community toward their medication. Acta Psych Scand 1997; 95:464–468CrossRefGoogle Scholar
48.Walburn, J, Gray, R, Gournay, Ket al.Systematic review of patient and nurse attitudes to depot antipsychotic medication. B J Psych 2001; 179: 300–307.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
49.Larsen, EB, Gerlach, J. Subjective experience of treatment, side-effects, mental state and quality of life in chronic schizophrenic out-patients treated with neuroleptics. Acta Psych Scand 1996; 93: 381–388.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
50.Hoencamp, E, Knegtering, H, Kooy, JJS. et al.Patient requests and attitudes towards neuroleptics. Nordic J Psych. 1995:49 (suppl.35): 47–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
51.Jacobsson, L, Odling, H. Psykologiska aspekter pa depabehandling vid schizofrena syndrom. Lakartidningen 1980; 77: 3522–3526.Google Scholar
52.Wistedt, B. How does the psychiatric patient feel about depot treatment, compulsion or help? Nordic J Psych 1995;49(suppl.35): 41–46.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
53.Singh, V, Hughes, G, Goh, SE. Depot clinic: consumers' viewpoint. Psych Bull 1995; 19: 728–730.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
54.Goldbeck, R, Tomlinson, S, Bouch, J. Patients' knowledge and views of their depot neuroleptic medication. Psych Bull 1999; 23: 467–470.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
55.Warren, B. Developing practice through clinical audit. J Clin Effectiveness 1998; 3: 151–154.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
56.Eastwood Long-term medication in depot clinics and patients' rights: an issue for assertive outreach. Psych Bull 1997; 21: 273–275.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
57.Pan, PC, Tantum, D. Clinical characteristics, health beliefs and compliance with maintenance treatment; a comparison between regular and irregular attenders at a depot clinic. Acta Psych Scand 1989; 79: 564–570.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
58.Desai, N. Switching from depot antipsychotics to respiridone: results of a study of chronic schizophrenia. Advances in Therapy 1999; 16: 78–88.Google Scholar
59.Brooker, C, Faugier, J, Gray, C. An audit of depot clinics in the North Western region. 1996 Sheffield: University of Sheffield / NHS Executive NW Regional Office.Google Scholar
60.Sandford, T. Involving users in developing phenothiazine services. 1996 Perspectives in Mental Health Nursing (Sandford, T, Gournay, K, eds). London: Bailliere Tindall.Google Scholar
61.Poole, I, Grimes, P. Depot injections at home or clinic? Letting the client chose. Community Nurse 1998; 4: 15–16.Google ScholarPubMed
62.Bennett, J, Done, J, Hunt, B. Assessing the side-effects of antipsychotics. A survey of CPN practice. J Psych Men Health Nursing 1995; 2:177–182.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
63.Burns, T, Millar, E, Garland, C, et al.Randomised controlled trial of teaching practice nurses to carry out structured assessments of patients receiving depot antipsychotic injections. Br J Gen Prac 1998; 48:1845–1848.Google ScholarPubMed
64.Stein, GS. Drug treatment of personality disorders. Br J Psych 1992; 161:167–184.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
65.Tyrer, P, Drug treatment of personality disorder. Psych Bull 1998; 22:242–244.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
66.Cornelius, JR, Solof, PH, Perel, JM, et al.Continuation pharmacotherapy of borderline personality disorder with haloperidol and phenelizine. Am J Psych 1993; 150: 1843–1848.Google Scholar
67.Cowdry, RW, Gardener, DL. Pharmacotherapy of borderline personality disorder: alprazolam, carbamazepine, trifluoperazine and tranylcypromine. Arch Gen Psych 1988; 45:111–119.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
68.Goldberg, SC, Shulz, SC, Shulz, PM, et al.Borderline and schizotypal personality disorders treated with low dose thiothixene versus placebo. Arch Gen Psych 1986; 43: 680–686.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
69.Hawton, K, Townsend, , Arensman, , et al.Psychsocial and pharmacological treatments for deliberate self-harm. Cochrane Library (2003), issue 3. Oxford: Update Software.Google Scholar
70.Montgomery, SA, Montgomery, DB, Jayanthi-Rani, S, et al.Maintenance therapy in repeat suicidal behaviour: a placebo controlled trial. Proceedings of 10th International Congress for Suicide Prevention and Crisis Intervention. Ottawa: 1979; 227–9.Google Scholar
71.Duggan, L, Brylewski, J. Antipsychotic medication for those with both schizophrenia and learning disability. Cochrane Library (2003), issue 3. Oxford: Update Software.Google Scholar
72.Mannion, L, Carney, PA, Sloan, D, O'Toole, R. Depot antipsychotic prophylaxis in bipolar affective disorder. Ir J Psych Med 1999; 16(2): 64–66.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
73.Verdoux, H, Gonzales, B, Takei, N, Bourgeois, M. A survey of prescribing practice of antipsychotic maintenance treatment for manic-depressive outpatients. J Affect Disord 1996; 38:81–87.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
74.Naylor, J, Scott, C. Depot injections for affective disorders. B J Psych 1980; 5:108.Google Scholar
75.Lowe, M, Batchelor, D, Depot neuroleptics and manic depressive psychosis. Int J Clin Psychopharmacol 1986; suppl: 53–62.Google ScholarPubMed
76.White, E, Cheung, P, Silverstone, T. Depot antipsychotics in bipolar affective disorder. Int J Clin Psychopharmacol 1993; 8:119–122.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
77.Littlejohn, R, Leslie, F, Cookson, J. Depot antipsychotics in the prophylaxis of bipolar affective disorder. B J Psych 1994; 165: 827–829.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
78.Esparon, J, Kolloori, J, Naylor, G, et al.Comparison of the prophylactic action of flupenthixol with placebo in lithium treated manic-depressive patients. B J Psych 1986; 148: 723–725.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
79.Young, JL, Zonana, HV, Shepler, L. Medication noncompliance in schizophrenia: codification and update. Bull Am Acad Psych and Law 1986; 14:105–122.Google ScholarPubMed
80.Kennedy, HG, Mikhail, SW. Advantages of depot antipsychotics. Lancet 2000; 356:594.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
81.Bains, JJS, Nielsson, OB. Combining depot antipsychotic medications with novel antipsychotics in forensic patients: a practice in search of a principle. Psych Bull 2003; 27:14–16.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
82.American Psychiatric Association. Practice guidelines for the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. Am J Psych 1997; 154(suppl): 1–63.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
83.Paton, C, Garcia, JA, Brooke, D, Use of atypical antipsychotics by consultants working in forensic settings. Psych Bull 2002; 26: 172–174.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
84. APC/DTC Briefing. Long acting risperidone injection (Risperdal Consta). 2002 www.druginfozone.org.Google Scholar
85.Fleischhacker, WW, Eerdekens, M, Xie, Yet al.Long-term safety and efficacy of long-acting injectable risperidone. Poster, 35th annual meeting of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology; Dec 9-13, 2001: Waikoloa0, Hawaii.Google Scholar
86.Ereshefsky, L, Mascarenas, CA. Comparison of the effects of different routes of antipsychotic administration on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. J Clin Psych 2003; 16(suppl. 16): 18–23.Google Scholar
87.Marder, SR, Conley, R, Ereshefsky, L, et al.Clinical Guidelines: Dosing and switching strategies for long-acting risperidone. J Clin Psych 2003; 16(suppl.16): 41–46.Google Scholar
88.Kane, JM. Strategies for improving the compliance in treatment of schizophrenia by using a long-acting formulation of an antipsychotic: clinical studies. J Clin Psych 2003; 16(suppl.16): 34–40.Google Scholar
89.Paton, C, Okocha, C. Risperidone long-acting injection: the first fifty patients. Psych Bull 2004; 28:12–14.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
90.Geddes, J, Freemantle, N, Harrison, P, et al.Atypical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenia: systematic overview and meta-regression analysis. BMJ 2000; 321: 1371–1376.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
91.National Inistitute of Clinical Excellence. Guidance on the use of newer (atypical) antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia. NICE 2002; Health Technology Appraisal 43. London.Google Scholar