Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-2plfb Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T18:04:36.191Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Select Document: the Case of Robert Ayleway esqr, late Comptroller of the Artillery in Ireland, 16921

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 July 2015

Aaron Graham
Aaron Graham*
Affiliation:
Jesus College, Oxford
*
Jesus College, Oxford, [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

This article examines a petition drawn up by Robert Ayleway, an official within the Irish fiscal-military state in 1692, in connection with charges of corruption and incompetence during the Williamite Wars (1689–91). Ayleway’s petition, and his wider career, demonstrate that he was part of a process of English and Irish state formation that had begun well before 1688, driven by informal patronage networks as much as by formal bureaucratic developments, creating an entrenched interest group of officials that nevertheless came into conflict after 1689 with new officers, many of them foreign, who came to Ireland in William III’s train. Both sides suspected the loyalty of the other, but the petition reveals that Ayleway saw himself, with some justice, as a competent and loyal official who had used his private means to serve the public in a way that had also advanced his own private interests, suggesting something of the ethos of officials within the new Irish (and English) fiscal-military state.

Type
Research Article
Information
Irish Historical Studies , Volume 39 , Issue 155 , May 2015 , pp. 479 - 514
Copyright
© Irish Historical Studies Publications Ltd 2015 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

1

I am grateful to Patrick Walsh, Robert Armstrong and the two reviewers of Irish Historical Studies for their advice in developing this article, which was researched and written with support from the Arts and Humanities Research Council and the British Academy. Materials are cited here with the kind permission of the National Library of Ireland; the Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California; the Staffordshire Record Office; and the Provost and Fellows of Worcester College, Oxford.

References

2 Bartlett, Thomas, ‘From Irish state to British Empire: reflections on state building in Ireland, 1690–1830’ in Études Irlandaises, xx, no. 1 (1995), pp 23–37CrossRefGoogle Scholar. For summaries of the British fiscal-military state formation, see Brewer, John, The sinews of power: war, money and the English state, 1688–1783 (London, 1989)CrossRefGoogle Scholar and Morriss, Roger, The foundations of British maritime ascendancy: resources, logistics and the state, 1755–1815 (Cambridge, 2010)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

3 McGrath, Charles Ivar, Ireland and empire, 1692–1770 (London, 2012), p. 110Google Scholar.

4 PWalsh, atrick, ‘The fiscal state in Ireland, 1691–1769’ in Hist. Jn., lvi (2013), pp 629–656CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

5 Malcolmson, A. P. W., Nathaniel Clements: government and the governing elite in Ireland, 1725–75 (Dublin, 2005)Google Scholar; Walsh, Patrick, The making of the Irish Protestant ascendancy: the life of William Conolly, 1662-–1729 (Woodbridge, 2010)Google Scholar; Fleming, D. A., Politics and provincial people: Sligo and Limerick, 1691–1761 (Manchester, 2010)Google Scholar.

6 Although see McGrath, Charles Ivar, ‘The Irish experience of “financial revolution”, 1660–1760’, in Charles McGrath and Christopher Fauske (eds), Money, power and print: interdisciplinary studies on the financial revolution in the British Isles (Newark, DE, 2008), pp 157–188Google Scholar. State formation in England before 1688 is discussed in Braddick, Michael, State formation in early modern England, c.1550–1700 (Cambridge, 2000)CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

7 Lords’ jn., xii, 264.

8 Hodgson, John, A history of Northumberland, in three parts (7 vols, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 1820–58), pt. ii, vol. iii, 419–420Google Scholar. For Clayton, see Henning, Basil (ed.), History of Parliament: the House of Commons, 1660-–1690 (3 vols, London, 1983), ii, 83–84Google Scholar.

9 A brief remonstrance of the grand grievances and oppressions suffered by Sir William Courten and Sir Paul Pyndar, knts., deceased (London, 1670), pp 17–18; John C. Appleby, ‘Courten, Sir William (c.1568–1636)’, in Oxford D.N.B.

10 Sosin, J. M., English America and the Revolution of 1688: royal administration and the structure of provincial government (Lincoln, NE, 1982), pp 34, 269Google Scholar.

11 H.M.C., , The manuscripts of the earl of Dartmouth (3 vols, London, 1887–96), i, 120Google Scholar [hereafter H.M.C. Dartmouth]; Ayleway to Legge, 2 Oct. 1680, 29 Jan. 1681; Ayleway to Grahame, 17 Dec. 1680, 1 Jan. & 19 Feb. 1681 (Staffordshire Record Office [hereafter Staffs. R.O.], D(W)1778/I/i/586, 606, 610, 618, 622). For Dartmouth, see J. D. Davies, ‘Legge, George, first Baron Dartmouth (c.1647–91), in Oxford D.N.B.

12 There is no study on the Irish Ordnance Office for this period, though there are scattered mentions in Tomlinson, H. C., Guns and government: the Ordnance Office under the later Stuarts (London, 1979), pp 20–22Google Scholar, 66, 139, 148, 189.

13 For Huntingdon, see Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California [hereafter H.L.], Hastings MSS, HA353–360 and Catherine F. Patterson, ‘Hastings, Theophilus, seventh earl of Huntingdon (1650–1701)’, in Oxford D.N.B. For the nature of estate management in Ireland, see Barnard, Toby, A new anatomy of Ireland: the Irish Protestants, 1649–1770 (London, 2003), pp 208–238Google Scholar.

14 Tomlinson, , Guns and government, pp 16–17Google Scholar, 58–60.

15 Warrant for creation of office of Clerk of the Ordnance in Ireland, 25 Oct. 1682, Cal. S. P. dom., 1682, p. 501. Provincial officials known as clerks of the ordnance and stores had existed since 1666: see ‘Establishment and list containing all the payments to be made for military affairs in Ireland’, 1 Apr. 1666, Cal. S. P. Ire., 1666–9, p. 70; and ‘Draft for an establishment of His Majesty’s Train of Artillery in Ireland’, c. Mar. 1661/2, Cal. S. P. Ire., 1669–70, p. 425; Ormonde MSS, i, 282; ii, 235, 284; H.M.C. rep. 10, v, 26.

16 ‘Instructions for the Government of our Office of the Ordnance in Ireland’, c.1685 (N.L.I., MS 3558). For the English instructions, see Tomlinson, Guns and government, pp 16–17 and ‘Rules, Orders and Instructions for the future Government of the Office of the Ordnance’ (B.L., Stowe MS 442).

17 Ormonde MSS, ii, 310; Domville to Lord Justices of Ireland, c.June 1685 (Bodl., Carte MS 167, f. 34); warrant granting place of Clerk of the Ordnance in Ireland, 8 June 1685, Cal. S. P. dom., 1685, p. 186.

18 Ormonde MSS, i, 358; ii, 309–10. For Robinson, see Rolf Loeber, ‘Robinson, Sir William (c.1643–1712), in Oxford D.N.B.

19 The process is traced in Egan, Sean, ‘Finance and the government of Ireland, 1660–85’ (Ph.D. thesis, Trinity College Dublin, 2 vols, 1983)Google Scholar.

20 See Egan, ‘Finance’, and Childs, John, The army, James II, and the Glorious Revolution (Manchester, 1980), pp 56–79Google Scholar.

21 Graham, Aaron, Corruption, party politics and state formation in Britain, 1702–13 (Oxford, forthcoming)Google Scholar, ch. 7. For North America and the West Indies, see Bliss, Robert M., Revolution and Empire: English politics and the American colonies in the seventeenth century (Manchester, 1990), pp 182–247Google Scholar.

22 Simms, J. G., Jacobite Ireland 1685–91 (London, 1969), pp 32–57Google Scholar; Connolly, S. J., Divided kingdom: Ireland, 1630–1800 (Oxford, 2008), pp 174–180CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

23 Melvin, Patrick (ed.), ‘Letters of Lord Longford and others on Irish affairs, 1685–1702’ in Analecta Hibernica, xxxii (1985), pp 55Google Scholar, 60.

24 ‘Proceedings upon the petition of Mr Ayleway for employment in the West Indies’, 3 May 1689, Cal. S. P. dom., 1689–90, p. 87.

25 Cal. treas. bks, ix, 1082, 1533. For details of the Irish train, see Tomlinson, Guns and government, p. 147.

26 Tomlinson, , Guns and government, pp 143Google Scholar, 147, 162.

27 Schomberg to William III, 26 Dec. 1689, 10 Feb. & 26 Apr. 1690, Cal. S. P. dom., 1689–90, pp 368, 452, 566.

28 Ordnance Office, Miscellaneous Entry Books and Papers: letters from Ireland, 1689–90; Schomberg to Ordnance Board [hereafter O.B.], 5 Apr. 1690, Ayleway to O.B., 3 May 1690 (T.N.A., WO55/1794, fos. 69r, 100r).

29 Story, George, A true and impartial history of the most material occurrences in the Kingdom of Ireland during the two last years (London, 1691), pp 15Google Scholar, 42–3.

30 Ayleway to O.B., 2 July 1690 (T.N.A., WO55/1794, fo. 154r).

31 Story, True and impartial history, p. 43.

32 Ayleway to O.B., 13 Jan 1690; Ayleway to ‘George’ [prob. George Barnard, wagon-master-general], 14 Apr. 1690 (T.N.A., WO55/1794, fos. 15v, 86r).

33 Ayleway to O.B., 3 May 1690; Schomberg to O.B., 19 May 1690 (Ibid., fos. 100r, 101r, 127r).

34 Ayleway to O.B., 13 Jan 1690, 9 Feb 1690; ‘A state of the condition of the carters, boys and horses belonging to the train’, [n.d., but c.Jan 1690], (Ibid., fos. 15r–v, 21r–v, 27r).

35 Ayleway to O.B., 13 Jan 1690 (Ibid., fo. 15v); order to High Sheriff of Co. Tipperary, 16 Aug. 1690 (B.L., Add. MS 38146, fo. 27v); ‘An abstract of cash received by the several collectors of the revenue for forfeited goods’, [n.d. but c.Christmas 1692] (B.L., Add. MS 4761, fo. 10v); warrant to Capt. Chidley Coote, 29 Aug. 1690 (Worcester College, Oxford [hereafter Worc. College], Clarke MS 7/4, fo. 65).

36 Danaher, evin (ed.), The Danish force in Ireland, 1690–1691 (I.M.C., Dublin, 1962), p. 99Google Scholar; Coningsby to Ginkel, 21 Mar. 1691 (T.C.D., Clarke papers, MS 749). All dates are given in ‘old style’ (i.e. Julian rather than Gregorian calendar), with the year beginning on 1 January.

37 Ayleway to O.B., 16 Aug. 1690 (T.N.A., WO55/1794, fo. 184r).

38 ‘Account presented to the Honourable the Commissioners of the Ordnance by Hugh Rowley Esq., Storekeeper of the Ordnance, of his receipts and disbursements’ [n.d. but c.Sept. 1691] (P.R.O.N.I, D642/A/1/2-3); warrant, 21 Aug. 1690 (Worc. College, Clarke MS 7/4, fo. 64r); Coningsby to Robinson, 14 Aug. 1690 (P.R.O.N.I., D638/166/2).

39 Cardonnel to O.B., 5 Dec. 1689 (T.N.A., WO55/1794, fos. 7r-v); Tomlinson, Guns and government, pp 226, 228.

40 ‘An account of arms fixt [sic] and musket barrels remaining in Ireland, 30 December 1688’ (B.L., Add. MS 34773, fo. 5r).

41 Schomberg to William III, 8 Oct., 10 Dec., 26 Dec. 1689; 16 Jan., 14 Feb., 17 Feb. 1690, Cal. S. P. dom., 1689–90, pp 288, 352, 368, 411, 462, 465.

42 Letter to Ordnance Board, 31 Jan. 1690 (T.N.A., PC6/2, fo. 162v); Hartwell to O.B., 3 Apr., 14 Apr. 1690; petition of Gunsmiths at Carrickfergus, 29 July 1690 (T.N.A., WO55/1794, fos. 65r, 84r–85r, 168r). Hartwell had served in the Ordnance Office since at least 1684: Cal. treas. bks, vii, 1297.

43 Hartwell to O.B., 14 Apr., 30 May, 26 June, 1 Aug. 1690; Ayleway to O.B., 17 Apr., 14 June 1690 (T.N.A., WO55/1794, ff 85r, 88r, 137r, 149r, 151r, 172r).

44 Hartwell to O.B., 26 June, 23 July, 26 July, 1 Aug., 9 Aug. 1690; petitions of gunsmiths at Carrickfergus, 29 July, 27 Aug. 1690; petition of [?lockmakers] at Carrickfergus, 8 Aug. 1690; Hubbald to O.B., 16 Aug. 1690 (Ibid., ff 151r–v, 160r, 164r, 168r, 172r, 176r, 178r, 181r, 188r).

45 Ayleway to O.B., 24 Aug., 10 Sept. 1690; Hartwell to O.B., 13 Sept. 1690, [undated], 20 Sept. 1690; petition of gunmakers at Carrickfergus, 24 Sept. 1690 (Ibid., ff 187r, 190r, 192r, 194r–v, 198r); Coningsby to Clarke, 5 Sept., 28 Sept. 1690; Ayleway to Clarke, 20 Sept. 1690 (T.C.D., Clarke papers, MS 749).

46 Schomberg to O.B., 13 Jan., 6 Mar. 1690; Ayleway to O.B., 22 Mar. 1690 (T.N.A., WO55/1794, fos. 16r, 44r, 56r). For the financial situation at the Ordnance Office in England, see Tomlinson, Guns and government, pp 190–2.

47 Commons’ jn., xiv, 168–9.

48 Ayleway to O.B., 6 July, 26 July 1690 (T.N.A., WO55/1794, fos. 156v, 162r).

49 Tomlinson, Guns and government, pp 49, 60.

50 ‘Proceedings upon the petition of Robert Ayleway’, 2 Feb. 1692, Cal. S.P. dom.,1691–2, p. 122; Cal. treas. bks, ix, 1533.

51 Cal. treas. bks, ix, 1884, 1901; xi, 403, 415.

52 Johnston-Liik, E. M., History of the Irish Parliament, 1692–1800: commons, constituencies and states (6 vols, Belfast, 2002), ii, 294Google Scholar; iii, 120; Ayleway to Lady Dartmouth, 23 Nov. 1695 (Staffs. R.O., D(W)1778/I/i/1818).

53 Ayleway to Dartmouth, 18 Apr. & 21 Dec. 1701, 25 Mar. 1702 (Staffs. R.O., D(W)1778/I/ii/32, 39, 40).

54 Ayleway to Dartmouth, 25 Mar. 1702 (Staffs. R.O., D(W)1778/I/ii/40).

55 Copy of will of Robert Ayleway of Mount Rawdon, Co. Meath, 1701 (P.R.O.N.I., D3618/H/1/1,); Lady Rawdon to Sir Arthur Brodrick, prob. c.1701 (H.L., Hastings MS, HA 15699). For Rawdon see David Hayton, The Anglo-Irish experience, 1680–1730: religion, identity and patriotism (Woodbridge, 2012), pp 178–80, 189.

56 For Clayton’s time in Virginia, see Bond, Edward L., ‘John Clayton (1656 or 1657–1725’, Dictionary of Virginia Biography (3 vols, Richmond, 1998–206), iii, 285–286Google Scholar. Jacqueline Hill also notes that Clayton was ‘too much inclined to the Tory view to be properly impartial’: Hill, , From patriots to unionists: Dublin civic politics and Irish protestant patriotism, 1660–1840 (Oxford, 1997), p. 74CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

57 North to Dartmouth, 23 Sept. 1703, Coleman to Dartmouth, 5 Mar. 1713 (Staffs. R.O., D(W)1778/I/ii/59, 362).

58 Ayleway to O.B., 26 July, 28 July 1690 (T.N.A., WO55/1794, fos. 162r–v, 166r).

59 Ayleway to O.B., 6 July, 26 July 1690 (Ibid., fos. 156v, 162r).

60 Richards to O.B., 16 Feb. 1690 (Ibid,. fo. 36r). For Richards, see F. J. Hebbert, ‘Richards, Jacob (bap. 1664, d. 1701)’, in Oxford D.N.B.

61 Richards to O.B., 17 Mar. 1690 (T.N.A., WO55/1795, fo. 54r).

62 Hebbert, ‘Richards, Jacob’.

63 Tomlinson, , Guns and government, pp 226Google Scholar, 228.

64 Cardonnel to Middleton, 6 Dec. 1689; Ayleway to O.B., 27 Jan., 9 Feb., 3 Mar. 1690; Cardonnel to O.B., 30 Jan. 1690 (T.N.A., WO55/1794, fos. 9r, 23v, 25r, 27v, 48v).

65 Simms, Jacobite Ireland, p. 35; Tim Harris, Revolution: the great crisis of the British monarchy 1685–1720 (London, 2006), pp 134–5; Hill, From patriots to unionists, pp 58–61.

66 For Kirke, see Piers Wauchope, ‘Kirke, Percy (d. 1691)’, in Oxford D.N.B.

67 Ayleway to O.B., 24 Aug. 1690 (T.N.A., WO55/1794, fo. 187r); Cal. treas bks, vii, 1297. See also the warrants in the letter book of the Master of the Ordnance, 1692–5 (N.L.I., MS 23417).

68 Robinson to Clarke, 13 Jan. 1691 (T.C.D., MS 749).

69 Feilding to Clarke, 21 Aug. 1691 (ibid.).

70 Graham, Aaron, ‘Partisan politics and the British fiscal-military state, 1689–1713’ (D.Phil, thesis, University of Oxford, 2012), pp 64Google Scholar, 77, 89. I am currently preparing a study of state structures in England and Ireland between 1689 and 1691 that will examine these connections in greater detail.

71 Melvin, , ‘Letters’, pp 60Google Scholar, 74.

72 Feilding to Clarke, 6 July 1691 (T.C.D., MS 749).

73 Hayton, David, Ruling Ireland, 1685–1742: politics, politicians and parties (Woodbridge, 2004), pp 58Google Scholar, 92–5.

74 William III and II (1650–1702), prince of Orange and, from 1689, king of England, Scotland and Ireland. William had landed in England on 5 November, suggesting that Ayleway resigned his patent at some point between mid-November and the end of January. Unless noted otherwise, all subsequent biographies are based on the Oxford D.N.B.

75 Richard Talbot, first earl of Tyrconnell (1630–91), lord deputy of Ireland (Jan. 1687–Mar. 1689), who pursued a policy of catholicisation during his tenure as lord deputy.

76 Frederick Herman de Schomberg, first duke of Schomberg (1615–90), master-general of the (English) Ordnance Office (1689–90) and commander-in-chief (1689–90) of the Williamite forces in Ireland.

77 Captain Edward Clarke (d. 1689), comptroller of the Artillery Train in Ireland (1689): Dalton, Charles, English army lists and commission registers, 1661–1714 (6 vols., London, 1892–1904), iii, 40Google Scholar.

78 John Wynant Goor (d. 1704), Dutch soldier and colonel of the Artillery Train in Ireland (1690–1) and the Low Countries (1692–4): Dalton, Army lists, iii, 184, 185n, 233, 301.

79 William Meester, Dutch soldier and comptroller of the Artillery Train in Ireland (1690–1) and the Low Countries (1692): Dalton, Army lists, iii 184, 186n, 301.

80 Godard van Reede-Ginckel, second Baron van Reede and first earl of Athlone (1644–1703), Dutch general and commander-in-chief (1690–1) of the Williamite Forces in Ireland.

81 The last warrant directed to Ayleway was dated 23 September, and on 10 October he was already under arrest, writing to Clarke to request a speedy trial. He appears to have remained in the field until November, when Robinson wrote to Clarke asking that Ayleway be moved to Dublin: order to Robert Ayleway, comptroller of the Artillery, 23 Sept. 1690 (Worc. College, Clarke MS 7/4, fo. 91); Robinson to Clarke, 7 Oct. 1690; Ayleway to Clarke, 14 Oct. 1690 (T.C.D., MS 749).

82 Bartholomew van Homrigh (d. 1703), a Dutch merchant settled in Dublin since the 1680s. commissary-general of Stores and Provisions (1690–9) to the Williamite Forces (jointly with William Robinson), and commissioner of Revenue (1690–1703), Irish M.P. (1692–5) and lord mayor of Dublin (1697): Graham, ‘Partisan politics’ pp.60, 76–83.

83 Lieutenant-Colonel Samuel Venner, lt.-col. of Sir Edward Dering’s Regiment of Foot (Jan. 1690) and col. (June 1691), and governor of Royal Hospital Kilmainham (1690–1): Dalton Army lists, iii, 152n; von Arni, Eric Gruber, Hospital care and the British standing army, 1660–1714 (London, 2006), pp 66Google Scholar, 69, 70, 83.

84 William Robinson (c.1643–1712), surveyor-general (1671–1700) and clerk of the Ordnance (1671–85) in Ireland. He left Ireland in 1685 but returned in 1689 as joint comptroller-general of Provisions (1689–90) with Israel Feilding, and joint commissary-general of Provisions (1690–2) with Bartholomew van Homrigh, then held a number of offices, including deputy vice-treasurer (1693–1703) to Thomas Coningsby.

85 Ginkell issued his order on 11 November, giving the ‘inquisitors’ full power to send for papers or witnesses that might shed any light on the matter, although they were not empowered to place witnesses under oath. The third member was William Robinson: order of Ginkel for court martial, 27 Nov. 1690 (Worc. College, Clarke MS 7/4, fo. 140).

86 ‘Through force of law by which way harm is done’. I am grateful to Prof. Josh Getzler for suggesting this translation.

87 Henry Sidney (1641–1704), first viscount Sydney (from 1689) and first earl of Romney (from 1694). A noted whig politician, he was appointed lord justice of Ireland (1690) with Coningsby, then secretary of state for the Northern Department (1690–2), and later served as lord lieutenant of Ireland (1692–3) and master-general of the Ordnance (1693–1704).

88 No copy survives of Ayleway’s petition, but William III’s instructions to Sydney can be found in Sydney to Lord Justices of Ireland, 27 Dec. 1690, Cal. S.P. dom., 1690–1, p. 196.

89 Major-General Percy Kirke (d. 1691), an experienced soldier, who raised the siege of Londonderry by Jacobite forces in 1689, then served as one of the three major-generals in the Williamite army until ordered to the Low Countries in April 1691.

90 Ginkell issued the warrant for the court martial to Sir John Topham on 18 March 1691 (Worc. College, Clarke MS 7/4, fo. 285r).

91 Col. William Woolsely (?1640–97), colonel of the regiment of Inniskilling Horse (1689): Oxford D.N.B. and Dalton, Army lists, iii, 27n.

92 Col. John Foulkes (d. 1693), of Foulke’s Regiment of Foot (Sept. 1689) and governor of Dublin (1690–1): Dalton, Army lists, iii, 62, 283.

93 Lt.-Col. Henry Boyle (d. 1694), of the duke of Schomberg’s Regiment of Horse (1689–94) and cornet and major of the 2nd Troop of Life Guards: Dalton, Army lists, iii, 13, 17n, 24, 175, 176n.

94 Lt.-Col. Richard Wise, of Langston’s Regiment of Horse: Dalton, Army lists, iii, 295.

95 Lt.-Col. Edward Pearce, of Sir Henry Belayse’s Regt of Foot (1690–5): Dalton, Army lists, iii, 110.

96 Lt. Col. Henry de Caumont, marquess de Rada, Huguenot soldier and lt.- col. of Philip Babbington’s (and after April 1691, the prince of Hesse-Darmstadt’s) Regiment of Foot: Dalton, Army lists, iii, 4–5.

97 Lt.-Col. Kilner Brazier (d. 1725), Irish soldier and (brevet), lt.- col. of Gustavus Hamilton’s Regiment of Foot: Dalton, Army lists, iii, 65.

98 Maj. Thomas Allen, of Viscount Lisburne’s Regt of Foot, raised in 1689 from Protestant supporters in Ireland. Lt.- col. of Lord Mountjoy’s Regt of Foot (1701): Dalton, Army lists, iii, 75, 115, 167.

99 Maj. Arthur Noble, of Col. Thomas St. John’s Regt of Foot: Dalton, Army lists, iii, 209.

100 Maj. Colt (d. 1691), of Col. Richard Brewer’s Regt of Foot: Dalton, Army lists, iii, 109, 218.

101 Maj. John Newton, of Lord Cutt’s Regt of Foot, later lt.- col. (1694): Dalton, Army lists, iii, 166, 167n.

102 Sir John Topham (d. 1698), master of Chancery in Ireland, and advocate-general of His Majesty’s Forces in Ireland (1689–98): Dalton, Army lists, iii, 99, 101n.

103 Lt-Col. Jacob Richards (1664–1701), third engineer to the Ordnance Office (1684–1701) and chief engineer of the artillery train in Ireland (1690–1).

104 William Barnard, deputy waggon master (1691): Dalton, Army lists, iii, 184.

105 William Stannus/Stannes (d. 1718) of Carlingford, Co. Louth, deputy-purveyor to the Train of Artillery (1690–1). See Goor to Richards, 19 Nov. 1690; Goor to Stannus, 2 Feb. 1691 (N.L.I., MS 11427); A. E. Vicars (ed.), Index to the prerogative wills of Ireland, 1536–1810 (Dublin, 1897), p. 437.

106 Unknown, but possibly Lt. Henry South (1694) of Sir John Coulthorpe’s Regiment of Foot: Dalton, Army lists, iii, 388.

107 Thomas Coningsby, first earl of Coningsby (1657–1729), Whig politician, joint receiver- and paymaster-general of Ireland (1690–2) and lord justice (1690–2), and later vice-treasurer (1692–1710).

108 Richards wrote to Clarke and Ginkel from Dublin on 4 November that Meesters was sick, that Goor had yet to arrive, and that he himself was required back in London, since ‘there is now nobody but myself that knows the affairs in England relating to the artillery’: Richards to Clarke, 4 Nov. 1690; Richards to de Ginkel, 4 Nov. 1690 (T.C.D., MS 749). Robinson also complained in January 1691 that ‘we have gone as far in Ayleway’s business as we can go until Col Goor comes to town’: Robinson to Clarke, 13 Jan. 1691 (T.C.D., MS 749).

109 On 30 April 1691, for example, Edward Pain(e) replaced him as clerk of the Ordnance in Ireland: see Warrant appointing Edward Pain as clerk of the Ordnance in Ireland, 30 Apr. 1691, Cal. S.P. dom., 1690–1, p. 352.

110 George Clarke (1661–1736), Tory politician and administrator; secretary at War for Ireland (1690–2) and chief secretary for Ireland (1690–2), then joint-secretary at War in England (1692–1702).

111 Dudley Loftus (1618–92), master of Chancery in Ireland (1655–95).

112 Richard Orpen (1652–1716). Sir William Petty’s estate agent in Co. Kerry, and clerk of the Ordnance (1691): Barnard, New anatomy pp 211, 235; order to Richard Orpen, 25 May. 1691 (Worc. College, Clarke MS 7/8).

113 Lt.-Col. Robert Echlin (c.1657– by 1724), of (his uncle) Sir Albert Coynyngham’s regiment of Iniskilling Dragoons.

114 Patrick Sarsfield, first earl of Lucan (d. 1693) and Jacobite general. His raid on the Williamite artillery train at Ballyneety near Cullen in Co. Tipperary on 12 August destroyed the gunpowder and stores intended for the first siege of Limerick in 1690, forcing William III to raise the siege three weeks later.

115 Charles Porter (1631–96), Tory politician and lord chancellor of Ireland (1686–7, 1689–96), as well as lord justice (1690–2) with Thomas Coningsby.

116 Israel Feilding (d. 1723). See above.

117 Arthur Forbes, first earl of Granard (1623–95), Scottish politician and commander-in-chief of the Irish army (1670–86). He joined William III early in 1689 and was placed in command of a detachment of 5,000 men in 1690 for the successful expedition to capture Sligo in western Ireland.

118 The petition is mentioned in ‘Proceedings upon the petition of Robert Ayleway’, 2 Feb. 1692, Cal. S.P. dom., 1691–2, p. 122. It was subsequently referred on 8 February to Charles Fox, joint vice-treasurer of Ireland (with Coningsby), to report on whether £1,188 was indeed owed to Ayleway as he claimed: Cal. treas. bks, ix, 1533.

119 Ginkel had been ennobled as earl of Athlone in January 1692.