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Protestants and ‘Greater Ireland’: mission, migration, and identity in the nineteenth century*

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  08 November 2017

Andrew R. Holmes*
Affiliation:
Queen’s University Belfast

Abstract

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Type
Review Article
Copyright
© Irish Historical Studies Publications Ltd 

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Footnotes

*

RELIGION AND GREATER IRELAND: CHRISTIANITY AND IRISH GLOBAL NETWORKS, 1750–1850. Colin Barr and H. M. Carey (eds). Pp 472. McGill-Queen’s University Press. Montreal and Kingston. 2015. $39.95.

THE INVISIBLE IRISH: FINDING PROTESTANTS IN THE NINETEENTH-CENTURY MIGRATIONS TO AMERICA. By Rankin Sherling. Pp 368. McGill-Queen’s University Press. Montreal and Kingston. 2015. $34.95.

DISCOVERING THE END OF TIME: IRISH EVANGELICALS IN THE AGE OF O’CONNELL. By D. H. Akenson. Pp 548. McGill-Queen’s University Press. Montreal and Kingston. 2015. $39.95.

References

1 Stanley, Brian, ‘Christian missions, antislavery and the claims of humanity, c.1813–1873’ in Sheridan Gilley and Brian Stanley (eds), The Cambridge history of Christianity, viii: World Christianities, c.1815-c.1914 (Cambridge, 2006), p. 443 Google Scholar.

2 Norman Etherington (ed.), Missions and empire (Oxford, 2005); Porter, Andrew, Religion versus empire? British Protestant missionaries and overseas expansion (Manchester, 2004)Google Scholar.

3 Carey, H. M., God’s empire: religion and colonialism in the British world, c.1801–1908 (Cambridge, 2011), pp 5 Google Scholar, 71.

4 For instance, MacRaild, Donald, ‘Orangeism in the Atlantic world’ in D. T. Gleeson (ed.), The Irish Atlantic (Columbia, SC, 2010), pp 307326 Google Scholar; Patterson, Brad (ed.), Ulster-New Zealand migration and cultural transfers (Dublin, 2006)Google Scholar, particularly the essays by Sweetman and Nolan; Wilson, D. A. (ed.), The Orange Order in Canada (Dublin, 2007)Google Scholar.

5 Barr, Colin, ‘“Imperium in imperio”: Irish episcopal imperialism in the nineteenth century’ in E.H.R., cxxiii, no. 502 (June 2008), pp 645, 650 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

6 An excellent introduction can be found in Jackson, Alvin, Ireland, 1798–1998: war, peace and beyond (Chichester, 2010), pp 215244 Google Scholar.

7 Porter, Religion versus empire?, pp 64–115.

8 Kidd, T. S., The Great Awakening: the roots of evangelical Christianity in colonial America (New Haven, 2007)Google Scholar; Schlenther, B. S. (ed.), The life and writings of Francis Makemie, father of American Presbyterianism (c.1658–1708) (Lewiston, ME, 1999)Google Scholar; Westerkamp, M. J., Triumph of the laity: Scots-Irish piety and the Great Awakening (New York, 1988)Google Scholar.

9 McMahon, T. G., ‘Serving God’s empire: the Hibernian Church Missionary Society and the imperial enterprise’ in Ciaran O’Neill (ed.), Irish elites in the nineteenth century (Dublin, 2013), pp 222232 Google Scholar; Roddy, Sarah, Population, providence and empire: the churches and emigration from nineteenth-century Ireland (Manchester, 2014)Google Scholar. See also, Marshall, William, ‘Irish clergy abroad’ in T. C. Barnard and W. G. Neely (eds), The clergy of the Church of Ireland: messengers, watchmen and stewards (Dublin, 2006), pp 259278 Google Scholar.

10 Roddy, Sarah, ‘“Not a duffer among them”? The colonial mission of the Irish Presbyterian church, 1848–1900’ in David Dickson, Justyna Pyz and Christopher Shepard (eds), Irish classrooms and British empire: imperial contexts in the origins of modern education (Dublin, 2012), p. 155 Google Scholar.

11 Holmes, A. R., ‘Religion, anti-slavery, and identity: Irish Presbyterians, the United States, and transatlantic evangelicalism, c.1820–1914’ in I.H.S., xxxix, no. 155 (May 2015), pp 378398 Google Scholar; Moore, J. S., Founding sins: how a group of antislavery radicals fought to put Christ into the constitution (New York, 2015)CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Ritchie, Daniel, ‘Abolitionism and evangelicalism: Isaac Nelson, the Evangelical Alliance, and the transatlantic debate over fellowship with slaveholders’ in Hist. Jn., lvii, no. 2 (June 2014), pp 421446 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

12 Thompson, Jack (ed.), Into all the world: a history of the overseas work of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland, 1840–1990 (Belfast, 1990)Google Scholar; Livingstone, Justin, ‘Ambivalent imperialism: the missionary rhetoric of Robert Boyd’ in Literature and Theology, xxiii (2009), pp 165191 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Walsh, Oonagh, ‘“Sketches of missionary life”: Alexander Robert Crawford in Manchuria’ in Oonagh Walsh (ed.), Ireland abroad: politics and professions in the nineteenth century (Dublin, 2003), pp 132146 Google Scholar; Railton, N. M., ‘“The dreamy mazes of millenarianism”: William Graham and the Irish Presbyterian mission to German Jews’ in Crawford Gribben and A. R. Holmes (eds), Protestant millennialism, evangelicalism, and Irish society, 1790–2005 (Basingstoke, 2006), pp 174201 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

13 Doyle, Elaine, ‘Born preachers? New Christians and the Qua Iboe mission, 1887–1920’ in R. J. Blyth and Keith Jeffery (eds), The British Empire and its contested pasts: Historical Studies XXVI (Dublin, 2009), pp 5576 Google Scholar; Hill, Myrtle, ‘From Down to Dohnavur. Amy Carmichael and “The higher christian life”’ in Christophe Gillissen (ed.), Ireland: looking east (Brussels, 2010), pp 2335 Google Scholar.

14 For example, Hill, Myrtle, ‘Gender, culture and “the spiritual empire”: the Irish Protestant female missionary experience’ in Women’s History Review, xvi (2007), pp 203226 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

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18 Relevant works on this theme not cited include, Hayton, D. W., ‘Exclusion, conformity and parliamentary representation: the impact of the sacramental test on Irish dissenting politics’ in idem, Ruling Ireland, 1685–1742: politics, politicians and parties (Woodbridge, 2004), pp 186208 CrossRefGoogle Scholar; Herlihy, Kevin (ed.), The politics of Irish dissent, 1650–1800 (Dublin, 1997)Google Scholar; Kilroy, Phil, Protestant dissent and controversy in Ireland, 1660–1714 (Cork, 1994)Google Scholar; McBride, I. R., ‘Presbyterians in the penal era’ in Bullán, i, no. 2 (1994), pp 7386 Google Scholar; idem, ., ‘Ulster Presbyterians and the confessional state, c.1688–1733’ in D. G. Boyce, Robert Eccleshall and Vincent Geoghegan (eds), Political discourse in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Ireland (Basingstoke, 2001), pp 169192 Google Scholar; Whan, Robert, The Presbyterians of Ulster, 1680–1730 (Woodbridge, 2013)Google Scholar.

19 Bankhurst, Benjamin, Ulster Presbyterians and the Scots Irish diaspora, 1750–1764 (Basingstoke, 2015)Google Scholar, pp 110–134.

20 W. P. Addley, ‘A study of the birth and development of the overseas missions of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland up to 1910’ (Ph.D. thesis, Queen’s University, Belfast, 1994), p. 7. For the Cahans exodus, see Nesbitt, David, Full circle: a story of Ballybay Presbyterians (Cahans, 1999)Google Scholar.

21 Akenson, D. A., The Irish diaspora: a primer (Belfast, 1995), p. 273 Google Scholar.

22 Fitzgerald, Patrick and Lambkin, Brian, Migration in Irish history, 1607–2007 (Basingstoke, 2008), pp 143145 CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

23 Fasti of the General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in Ireland 1840–1910, ed. J. M. Barkley (3 vols, Belfast 1986–7).

24 Leyburn, J. G., The Scotch-Irish: a social history (Chapel Hill, NC, 1962), p. vi Google Scholar.

25 Miller, D. W., ‘Ulster evangelicalism and American culture wars’ in Radharc: A Journal of Irish and Irish-American Studies, v–vii (2004–6), pp 197215 Google Scholar; idem, ., ‘Ulster evangelicalism and American culture wars’ and ‘Searching for a New World: the background and baggage of Scots-Irish immigrant’ in W. R. Hofstra (ed.), Ulster to America: the Scots-Irish migration experience, 1680–1830 (Knoxville, TN, 2012), pp 123 Google Scholar.