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Mrs Foster and the rebels: Irish unionist approaches to the Easter Rising, 1916–2016

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2018

Alvin Jackson
Alvin Jackson*
Affiliation:
University of Edinburgh
*
*School of History, Classics and Archaeology, University of Edinburgh, [email protected]
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Abstract

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Type
Research Article
Information
Irish Historical Studies , Volume 42 , Issue 161 , May 2018 , pp. 143 - 160
Copyright
© Irish Historical Studies Publications Ltd 2018 

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Footnotes

Editors’ note: This article, and the subsequent one by Diarmaid Ferriter, were commissioned. The authors were invited to reflect on the manner in which the Easter Rising of 1916 has been interpreted and commemorated.

References

1 Impartial Reporter, 7 Jan. 2016.

2 Irish Times, 31 Mar. 2016.

3 McGarry, Fearghal, The Rising: Ireland, 1916 (Oxford 2016), p. 202 Google Scholar.

4 Wells, Warre B. and Marlowe, N., A history of the Irish Rebellion of 1916 (Dublin, 1916)Google Scholar.

5 Wells, Warre B., An Irish apologia: some thoughts on Anglo–Irish relations and the war (Dublin, 1917) pp 5, 60 Google Scholar.

6 Phillips, Walter Alison, The revolution in Ireland, 1906–23 (London, 1923)Google Scholar.

7 See, for instance, Phillips, Walter Alison, Modern Europe, 1815–99 (London, 1903)Google Scholar.

8 Maxwell, Henry, Ulster was right (London, 1934)Google Scholar.

9 Ervine, St John Greer, Craigavon: Ulsterman (London, 1949)Google Scholar.

10 Maume, Patrick, ‘Ervine, St John Greer’, in D.I.B. Among Ervine’s other notable works were Four Irish plays (Dublin, 1914); Changing winds (Dublin, 1917); Parnell (Popular ed., London, 1928)Google Scholar.

11 Robson, R. D., Autobiography of an Ulster schoolteacher (Belfast, 1935), p. 111 Google Scholar.

12 Hamilton, Norway, The Sinn Féin Rebellion as I saw it (London, 1916) p. 67 Google Scholar.

13 Robson, Autobiography, p.113.

14 Most notably, Songs of the Glens of Antrim (Edinburgh & London, 1900) and More songs of the Glens of Antrim (Edinburgh & London, 1921).

15 Moira O’Neill, [Nesta Skrine], ‘During the Rebellion in Wexford’ in Blackwood’s Magazine, cxcix (June 1916), p. 819.

16 O’Neill, ‘During the Rebellion in Wexford’, p. 825.

17 Ibid., p. 822.

18 Ross, John, The years of my pilgrimage: random reminiscences (London, 1924), p. 264 Google Scholar.

19 Ross, The years of my pilgrimage, p. 265.

20 Hartford, R. R., Godfrey Day: missionary, pastor and primate (Dublin, 1940), p. 94 Google Scholar.

21 Stanford, W. B. and McDowell, R. B., Mahaffy: a biography of an Anglo-Irishman (London, 1971), p. 229 Google Scholar.

22 Stanford & McDowell, Mahaffy, p. 231; cf., Ervine, Changing winds, p. 545.

23 Wells, Warre B., Irish indiscretions (London, 1923), p. 110Google Scholar.

24 Joly, James, Reminiscences and anticipations (Dublin, 1920), pp 223–233 Google Scholar.

25 Joly, Reminiscences, pp 231–2, 260.

26 Ibid., p. 235.

27 Phillips, The revolution in Ireland, p. 99.

28 Wells and Marlowe, A history of the Irish Rebellion of 1916, pp 150–1.

29 Ibid., pp 66–7.

30 Pim, Frederic W., The Sinn Féin Rising: a narrative and some reflections (Dublin, 1916), p. 15Google Scholar.

31 Ibid., p. 7.

32 Ross, The years of my pilgrimage, pp 269–70.

33 A record of the Irish Rebellion of 1916 (Dublin, 1916), p. 14.

34 Ibid., p. 12.

35 Townshend, Charles, Easter 1916: the Irish Rebellion (London, 2005), p. 193 Google Scholar.

36 Townshend, Easter 1916, p. 271.

37 Wells, Irish indiscretions, pp 63–4.

38 McNeill, Ronald, Ulster’s stand for Union (London, 1922), pp 244–245 Google Scholar.

39 Hyde, H. Montgomery, Carson: the life of Sir Edward Carson (London, 1953), p. 401 Google Scholar. See also Letters from Dublin, Easter 1916: Alfred Fannin’s diary of the Rising, ed. Adrian and Sally Warwick Haller (Dublin, 1995), p. 9 Google Scholar, where Fannin’s ‘sustained tone of detachment’ is stressed.

40 Colvin, Ian, Life of Lord Carson (3 vols, London, 1936), iii, 162 Google Scholar.

41 Hansard 5 (Commons), lxxxii, 39 (3 May 1916).

42 Colvin, Life of Lord Carson, iii, 165.

43 Phillips, Modern Europe, p. 6.

44 Phillips, The revolution in Ireland, p. xi.

45 Ibid., p. 114.

46 Ibid., p. 286.

47 Ervine, Craigavon, p. 311.

48 Ibid., p. 316.

49 Ibid., p. 321.

50 Ibid.

51 Redmond-Howard, L. G., Six days of the Irish republic (Dublin, 1916), p. 53 Google Scholar.

52 Redmond-Howard, Six days, p. 57.

53 Quoted in Kendle, John, Ireland and the federal solution: the debate over the United Kingdom constitution, 1870–1921 (Kingston & Montreal, 1989), p. 18 Google Scholar.

54 Quoted in Kendle, Ireland and the federal solution, p. 23.

55 John Atkinson to Walter Long, 28 Mar. 1908 (B.L., Walter Long papers, Add. MS 62413).

56 Quoted in Hyde, Carson, p. 486.

57 Horgan, J. J., The complete grammar of anarchy (Dublin, 1919), p. 3 Google Scholar.

58 Hartford, Godfrey Day, p. 94.

59 Rentoul, J. A., Stray thoughts and memories (Dublin, 1921), p .217 Google Scholar.

60 O’Loughran, Robert, Redmond’s vindication (Dublin, 1919), p. 3 Google Scholar.

61 Ibid., pp 83–4.

62 Ibid., p. 179.

63 Gwynn, Denis, The life of John Redmond (Dublin, 1932), p. 350 Google Scholar.

64 Redmond-Howard, L. G., Sir Roger Casement: a character sketch without prejudice (Dublin, 1916), pp 22–33, 30 Google Scholar.

65 Maxwell, Henry, Ulster was right (London,1934), p. 156 Google Scholar.

66 Ibid., p.158.

67 Ibid., p.159.

68 Shearman, Hugh, Not an inch: a study of Northern Ireland and Lord Craigavon (London, 1942), p. 150 Google Scholar.

69 Robinson, Lennox, Bryan Cooper (London, 1931), p. 114 Google Scholar.

70 Wells, Irish indiscretions, pp 165–71.

71 Ervine, Craigavon, p. 319.

72 Ervine, Changing winds, p. 405.

73 Ibid., p. 558.

74 Ibid., p. 569.

75 For example, Ervine, Changing winds, pp 362, 558; Foster, John Wilson, Irish novels, 1890–1940: new bearings in culture and fiction (Oxford, 2008), pp 412–413 Google Scholar.

76 See Thomas Dolan, ‘History in the thought of the architects of peace in Northern Ireland: Gerry Adams, John Hume and David Trimble’ (Ph.D. thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016).

77 Mansergh, Martin, The legacy of history for making peace in Ireland (Cork, 2003), p. 23 Google Scholar.

78 Trimble, David, The Easter Rebellion of 1916 (London, 1992), p. 1 Google Scholar.

79 Ibid., p. 31.

80 Ibid., p. 30.

81 Ibid., p. 33.

82 Higgins, Roisin, Transforming 1916: meaning, memory and the fiftieth anniversary of the Rising (Cork, 2012), pp 1–2 Google Scholar. See also O’Donnell, Catherine, ‘Pragmatism versus unity: the Stormont government and the 1966 Easter commemoration’ in Mary Daly and Margaret O’Callaghan (eds), 1916 in 1966: commemorating the Easter Rising (Dublin, 2007), pp 239–271 Google Scholar.

83 Trimble, The Easter Rebellion, p. 37.

84 Wells, Irish indiscretions, p. 33.

85 See Ervine, ‘The Orangeman’ in idem., Four Irish plays, pp 101–19.

86 Welch, Robert, The Abbey theatre: form and pressure (Oxford, 2003) p.70 Google Scholar; McGarry, Fearghal, The Abbey rebels of 1916: a lost revolution (Dublin, 2015)Google Scholar.

87 Jeffery, Keith, The GPO and the Easter Rising (Dublin, 2006), p. 165 Google Scholar. Early versions of this paper were delivered to audiences at Churchill College, Cambridge University, the University of Westminster and Boston College in March and April 2016. A later draft was delivered as the Learned Society of Wales lecture at the University of Aberystwyth’s 1916 event in September 2016. I am most grateful to Eugenio Biagini, Patrick Smylie, Oliver Rafferty S.J., and Paul O’Leary for their invitations and comments.