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Maynooth, the ‘Godless colleges’ and liberal imperial thought in the 1840s

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 June 2018

Justin Biel
Justin Biel*
Affiliation:
Minnesota State University, Mankato, U.S.A.
*
*Department of History, Minnesota State University, Mankato, U.S.A., [email protected]
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Abstract

In 1845, parliament passed an act establishing the three Queen’s Colleges in Ireland – Belfast, Galway and Cork – with the stipulation that ‘religious’ instruction in the colleges would have to be sponsored by voluntary organisations, not the state. Prior to 1845, parliament’s approach to providing spiritual guidance in state-run institutions had been one of ‘parallel patronage’, assuring that wherever there were individuals representing different denominational backgrounds, religious specialists from each denomination would be appointed to work in the institution. For example, the Prisons (Ireland) Act, 1826 required that Catholic, Presbyterian and Anglican chaplains serve their respective portions of the prison population in each gaol that housed any of their co-denominationalists. But in 1845, parliament took an ostensibly different tack, implying that denominations would have to sponsor their young men’s study of theology or any other ‘religious’ subject at university level. However, this article argues that the Irish colleges bill gained assent from the liberal wing of parliamentary opinion precisely because it seemed, to early Victorian liberals, to instantiate the logic of parallel patronage. Using Thomas Wyse, Charles Buller, and T. B. Macaulay as cases in point, this article reveals that the logic behind this vision of state ‘neutrality’ as simultaneous support for each denominational interest was steeped in a working knowledge of colonialism.

Type
Research Article
Information
Irish Historical Studies , Volume 42 , Issue 161 , May 2018 , pp. 26 - 49
Copyright
© Irish Historical Studies Publications Ltd 2018 

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References

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46 Hansard 3, lxxx, 579–80 (19 May 1845).

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48 Hansard 3, lxxx, 579–80 (19 May 1845).

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54 [Charles Buller], Responsible government for colonies (2nd ed., London, 1840), pp 3–4. See also Edward Gibbon Wakefield, ‘Sir Charles Metcalfe in Canada’ in Fisher’s Colonial Magazine and Journal of Trade, Commerce, and Banking, new series, i (1844), pp 385–438.

55 Buller, Responsible government, p. 30: ‘We are not now speaking of our Indian empire, … But looking at our Colonies properly so called – at the Colonies in most part inhabited by British settlers or their descendants, and retained for pacific purposes alone – it seems that the British interests which require to be protected by the Imperial Legislature are very simple.’

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86 Ibid., 652 (14 Apr. 1845).

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Koditschek’s emphases.

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94 In a way, this contention revives an older argument: Joseph Hamburger, Macaulay and the Whig tradition (Chicago, 1976).

95 Hansard 3, lxxxii, 230 (9 July 1845).

96 Ibid., lxxix, 646–58 (14 Apr. 1845).

97 Macaulay to Andrew Rutherfurd, 10 July 1845 in The letters of Thomas Babington Macaulay, ed. Thomas Pinney (6 vols, Cambridge, 1974), iv, 262.

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100 Macaulay to Andrew Rutherfurd, 10 July 1845 in Letters of Macaulay, ed. Pinney, iv, 261.

101 Hansard 3, lxxxii, 230 (9 July 1845).

102 Ibid., lxxix, 654 (14 Apr. 1845): ‘I do not conceive that it is open to me, however strong my feeling might be on the voluntary principle, to meet the Irish, who ask for 17,000l. more for the education of their priests, and say to them, I am on principle opposed to such a grant.’

103 Hansard 3, lxxxii, 236 (9 July 1845).

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109 1 & 2 Vict., c. 109.

110 Hansard 3, lxxx, 1261 (2 June 1845).