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‘Help to win the war’ or ‘Ireland above all’?: Remobilisation, politics, and elite boys’ education in Ireland, 1917–18
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 16 November 2020
Abstract
While scholars have rightly recognised that the First World War transformed twentieth-century Ireland, this article queries assumptions regarding the scope and scale of public support for hostilities during 1917 and 1918. Eleven elite boys’ schools are used as case studies to assess civilian reactions to the ongoing war effort, food shortages, and the 1918 conscription crisis within specific institutional communities, illuminating the importance of socio-religious affiliations and political aspirations in determining late-war behaviour. Drawing on school magazines and newspaper coverage of college events, it is argued that alternative visions of statehood underpinned divergent reactions to the conflict; Protestant schools clung to fundraising and militaristic activities seen to support continued union with Britain but Catholic establishments rejected such endeavours in the wake of increased separatist sentiment. This research also casts new light on the interplay between conflict, educational socialisation and politicisation in revolutionary Ireland. Constitutional nationalist reputation aside, wartime mobilisation in elite Catholic schools proved extremely lacklustre, while the unionist expectations their Protestant counterparts had for the post-war world ultimately went unfulfilled. Prestigious colleges across the denominational spectrum demonstrably navigated late-war pressures on their own terms, shaping Ireland's political landscape both throughout and beyond the conflict's most contentious years.
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References
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41 Ibid., p. 12; J. M. Winter, The Great War and the British people (London, 1985), p. 75.
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55 See the following for further detail: Pennell, Kingdom united, pp 163–97.
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63 Marmion, ‘A Benedictine monastery’, p. 16. See also: ‘Lectures, 1916–1917’ in College Chronicle, no. 32 (June 1917), p. 46.
64 O'Neill, ‘Irish home front’, p. 59; Jérôme aan de Wiel, The Catholic church in Ireland, 1914–1918: war and politics (Dublin, 2003), pp 25–30. Others included Roscrea (Cistercian) and Rockwell (Holy Ghost/Spiritan) Colleges. See Annual report of the Local Government Board for Ireland … 1915, p. 401 [Cd 8016], H.C. 1914-16, xxv, 817.
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148 ‘Speech day’ in The Armachian, iv, no. 10 (Dec. 1915), p. 10.
149 ‘Debating society notes’ in Our School Times, ix, no. 1 (Nov. 1916), p. 23; ‘Debating society’ in The Campbellian, iv, no. 1 (Dec. 1916), pp 13–14.
150 Conor Morrissey has found that Protestants were involved in protest activities, but they were few in number and mostly nationalist in affiliation. See: Morrissey, ‘Protestant nationalists’, pp 55–72.
151 ‘Annual distribution of prizes’ in School News, xxix, no. 90 (Dec. 1918), p. 17; ‘The prize distribution’ in The Erasmian, xvi, no. 2 (Mar. 1919), p. 35.
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157 Irish Times, 8 Feb. 1919.
158 Horne, ‘Remobilizing’, pp 195–211; Stéphane Audoin-Rouzeau, ‘Children and the primary schools of France, 1914–1918’ in Horne (ed.), State, society and mobilization, pp 48–50; Goebel, Stefan, ‘Schools’ in Winter, Jay and Robert, Jean-Louis (eds), Capital cities at war, ii: a cultural history (Cambridge, 2007), p. 205Google Scholar.
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160 Walsh, Irish women, p. 41.
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162 Ibid., pp 223–40.
163 Cited in Foster, Modern Ireland, p. 490.
164 Pašeta, Before the revolution, p. 1.
165 James McConnel, ‘“Out in the cold”?: The children of the Irish Parliamentary Party and the Irish Free State’ in I.H.S., xlii, no. 161 (May 2018), pp 87–114 (quotation at p. 90).
166 Donson, Youth, pp 238–41 (quotations at p. 241).
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