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La trahison des clercs: British intellectuals and the first home–rule crisis

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 July 2016

Tom Dunne
Tom Dunne*
Affiliation:
University College, Cork
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Extract

In the early months of 1882 two of the writers who were to be prominent four years later in opposing Gladstone’s first Irish home-rule bill made similar complaints to correspondents about the state of British public opinion. ‘Less is thought of the Irish question than of the Australian cricketers’, wrote Goldwin Smith; while in characteristic vein, James Fitzjames Stephen waxed choleric about the ‘extravagant idiocy’ of a public obsessed with ‘Jumbo the elephant’, while ignoring ‘one of the most disgusting and brutally dangerous civil wars ever known in these islands’. Each had a particular reason to be preoccupied about Ireland. Smith’s pique was, in part at least, that of the ‘expert’ whose warnings and admonitions had gone unheeded, while Stephen lived part of each year on his small estate in County Louth. However, they also reflected a general concern among politicians and intellectuals which historians have tended to ignore or underestimate — a belief that trends and events in Ireland and the British response to them had serious implications for the future of Britain itself. The recent major study of the home-rule crisis of 1885-6 by Alistair Cooke and John Vincent is remarkable in British historiographical treatment of the Irish question only in the way in which the normal presuppositions are made explicit. Cooke and Vincent argue with admirable clarity, and in remarkable detail, that virtually none of the politicians involved in the crisis were concerned with the ostensible issues of the home-rule policy, each being exclusively concerned instead with exploiting the political crisis which Gladstone’s adoption of the policy (also purely for tactical political reasons) had created. This denial of any importance to ideological differences in political crises is a characteristic of the so-called ‘high politics’ school of historiography, and constitutes perhaps its most serious defect. It is reinforced in the case of the Irish home-rule crisis by theview that, as it was undoubtedly true that few among the political élite cared about Ireland as such, they were equally indifferent to the issues it raised. However, not alone can it be argued that there were important ideological dimensions to most political crises in late nineteenth-century Britain, there is considerable evidence to show that this was particularly true of those involving Irish questions, and of home rule above all.

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Articles
Information
Irish Historical Studies , Volume 23 , Issue 90 , 1982 , pp. 134 - 173
Copyright
Copyright © Irish Historical Studies Publications Ltd 1982

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230 Dicey, A. V., ‘Home Rule from an English point of view’ in Contemporary Review, xlii (July-Dec. 1882), p. 68 Google Scholar; England’s case, p. 145; Sidgwick, Memoir, p. 524; Brodrick, Unionism, the basis of a national party, p. 5.

231 Stephen to Lady Grant Duff, 4 Mar. 1886 (Cambridge Univ. Lib., MS 7349/13).