Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-hc48f Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-23T00:31:04.759Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

THE TELLING NAME OF THE SUMERIAN GOD ISIMU THE MESOPOTAMIAN JANUS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 October 2022

Abstract

In this article the name of the Sumerian god Isimu is analysed as “who brings the shoots forth” and explained by the chthonic character of his master Enki. Investigated is as well the ratio behind the complex writing of his name and the names of other servants of Enki. Beside this it is shown that Isimu must have been known at least since the time of the archaic texts from Ur. There was also another Janus like mythical being, the male and female Ara, at one point identified with Isimu.

الخلاصة: في هذه المقالة ، تم تحليل اسم الإله السومري إيسيمو على أنه "نبعة نامية" أو "ما يجعل النبتة تنمو" ويتم شرحه من خلال شخصية العالم السفلي لسيده إنكي Enki. كما تم تحليل النسبة المتحكمة بالكتابة المعقدة لإسمه وأسماء الخدم الآخرين لإنكي. بالإضافة إلى ذلك ، يتضح أن أيسيمو لابد وأن كان معروفًا على الأقل منذ زمن النصوص القديمة من أور.

كان هناك كائن أسطوري آخر يشبه جانوس ، الذكر والأنثى آرا ، الذي تم تحديده في وقت ما مع أيسيمو Isimu. نوقشت إمكانية . تصوير آرا وليس إيسيمو على جرتين يرجع تاريخهما إلى الأسرات المبكرة الأول والثاني .

Type
Research Article
Information
IRAQ , Volume 84 , December 2022 , pp. 141 - 155
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute for the Study of Iraq 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Footnotes

Editor: For abbreviations see https://cdli.mpiwg-berlin.mpg.de/abbreviations. Photographs of many of the tablets referred to in this article can be found on the CDLI website.

References

Archi, A. 1987. “The ‘Sign-list’ from Ebla”, Eblaitica 1: 91114.Google Scholar
Attinger, P. 1995. “dnin-mar-ki-gaNABU 1995/33.Google Scholar
Biggs, R. D. 1974. Inscriptions from Tell Abū Ṣalābīḫ. OIP 99. Chicago: Chicago University Press.Google Scholar
Boehmer, R. M. 1965. Entwicklung der Glyptik während der Akkad-Zeit. Untersuchungen zur Assyriologie und vorderasiatischen Archäologie. Berlin: De Gruyter.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Boehmer, R. M. 1976–80. „Isimu. B. In der Bildkunst“, RlA 5, 179–81.Google Scholar
Calmeyer, P. 1995. „Ussumû“, in: Finkbeiner, U., Dittmann, R., Hauptmann, H. (ed.) Beiträge zur Kulturgeschichte Vorderasiens, Fs. Boehmer. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern, pp. 4951Google Scholar
Caplice, R. 1973. “É.NUN in Babylonian Literature”, Orientalia NS 42: 299305Google Scholar
Cavigneaux, A. 2014. “Une version sumérienne de la légende d'Adapa (Textes de Tell Haddad X)”, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und Vorderasiatische Archäologie 104: 141.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collon, D. 2005. First Impressions, Cylinder Seals in the Ancient Near East (reprint from 1987). London: British Museum Press.Google Scholar
Ebeling, E. 1953. „Sammlungen von Beschwörungsformeln teils in sumerisch-akkadischer, teils in sumerischer oder akkadischer Sprache“, Archiv Orientalní 21: 357423.Google Scholar
Englund, R. 1998. “Texts from the Late Uruk Period”, in: Bauer, J., Englund, R., Krebernik, M.: Mesopotamien. Späturuk-Zeit und Frühdynastische Zeit, OBO 160/1, Universitätsverlag Freiburg Schweiz, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen.Google Scholar
Farber-Flügge, G. 1973. Der Mythos „Inanna und Enki“ unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Liste der me. Studia Pohl 10. Rome: Biblical Institute Press.Google Scholar
Flückiger-Hawker, E. 1999. Urnamma of Ur in Sumerian Literary Tradition. OBO 166. University Press Fribourg Switzerland, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecvht Göttingen.Google Scholar
Frankfort, H. 1970. The Art and Architecture of the Ancient Orient. The Pelican History of Art, fourth edition. London: Penguin Books.Google Scholar
Frayne, D. 2008. Presargonic Period (2700–2350 BC). RIME 1. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Geller, M.J. 1985. Forerunners to Udug-hul: Sumerian exorcist incantations. FAOS 12. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner Verlag Wiesbaden.Google Scholar
Gong, Y. 2000. Die Namen der Keilschriftzeichen. AOAT 268. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag.Google Scholar
Heimpel, W. 1998: Anthropomorphic and Bovine Lahmus (with an appendix by Sh. Macgregor), in Dietrich, M., Loretz, O. (ed.) dubsar anta-men. Studien zur Altorientalistik, Fs. W.H.Ph. Römer. AOAT 253. Münster: Ugarit-Verlag, pp. 2956.Google Scholar
Izre'el, Sh. 2001. Adapa and the South Wind. Language Has the Power of Life and Death. MC 10. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.Google Scholar
Herbordt, S. 2005. Die Prinzen-und Beamtensiegel der hethitischen Grossreichszeit auf Tonbullen aus dem Nişantepe-Archiv in Hattusa. Mit Kommentaren zu den Siegelinschriften und Hieroglyphen von J. David Hawkins. Boğazköy-Ḫattuša 19. Mainz am Rhein: Von Zabern.Google Scholar
Jacobsen, Th. 1973. “Notes on Nintur”. Orientalia NS 42: 274–98Google Scholar
Jacobsen, Th., and Alster, B. 2000. “Ningišzida's Boat-Ride to Hades”, in George, A.R., Finkel, I.L. (eds.) Wisdom, Gods and Literature. Studies in Assyriology in Honour of W. G. Lambert, Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, pp. 315–44Google Scholar
Katz, D. 2003. The image of the netherworld in Sumerian sources. Bethesda: CDL Press.Google Scholar
Keetman, J. 2019. „Der Himmel als blühender Baum gedacht“. NABU 2019/88Google Scholar
Keetman, J. 2020. „Sumerisch auf Tafeln der Schriftstufe Uruk III“, in Arkhipov, I. Kogan, L., Koslova, N. (ed.) The Third Millennium. Studies in Early Mesopotamia and Syria in Honor of Walter Sommerfeld and Manfred Krebernik. CM 50. Leiden—Boston: Brill, pp. 341–76.Google Scholar
Keetman, J. 2021. „Enki(k) ,Herr der Erde‘ – Warum nicht?“ NABU 2021/30.Google Scholar
Krebernik, M. 1998. „Die Texte aus Fāra und Tell Abū Ṣalābīḫ“. in Bauer, J., Englund, R., Krebernik, M.: Mesopotamien. Späturuk-Zeit und Frühdynastische Zeit, OBO 160/1, Universitätsverlag Freiburg Schweiz, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen, pp. 237427.Google Scholar
Krebernik, M. 1998–2001. Nap, RlA 9: 162.Google Scholar
Krebernik, M. 2002. Zur Struktur und Geschichte des älteren sumerischen Onomastikons, in: Streck, M. P. und Weninger, S. (Hg.) Altorientalische und semitische Onomastik. AOAT 296. Münster, 174.Google Scholar
Krebernik, M. and Lisman, J. J. W. 2020. The Sumerian Zame Hymns from Tell Abū Ṣalābīḫ. With an Appendix on the Early Dynastic Colophons. DUBSAR 12. Münster: Zaphon.Google Scholar
Lambert, W. G. 1976–80. “Isimu A. Philologisch”, RlA 5: 179.Google Scholar
Lambert, W. G. 2002. “A Rare Exorcistic Fragment”, in: Abusch, T. (ed.) Riches Hidden in Secret Places. Ancient Near Eastern Studies in Memory of Thorkild Jacobsen. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns, pp. 203210.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lambert, W. G. 2013. Babylonian Creation Myths. CM 16. Winona Lake: Eisenbrauns.Google Scholar
Lecompte, C. 2021. “On Three Lexical Fragments from Uruk, 2: ATU 3 W 22119, 5 and the Reconstruction of Archaic Officials 16”, NABU 2021/61.Google Scholar
Litke, R. L. 1998. A Reconstruction of the Assyro-Babaylonian God-Lists, AN: dA-nu-um and AN: Anu ša amēli. Bethesda: CDL Press.Google Scholar
Mander, P. 1986. Il pantheon di Abu-Ṣālabīkh. Contributo allo studio del pantheon sumerico arcaico, Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale, Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici.Google Scholar
Meyer-Laurin, V. 2011. „Die ,Zeichenpaare‘ im sargonischen Akkadischen aus sumerologischer Sicht“. WO 41: 27–68; 201236.Google Scholar
Milstein, S. J. 2015. “The Origins of Adapa”, Zeitschrift für Assyriologie und vorderasiatische Archäologie 105, 3041.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mittermayer, C. 2006. Altbabylonbische Zeichenliste der sumerisch-literarischen Texte. OBO Sonderband, Academic Press Fribourg/Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht Göttingen.Google Scholar
Molina, M. and Such-Gutiérrez, M. 2004. “On Terms for cutting Plants and Noses in Ancient Sumer”, Journal of Near Eastern Studies 63, 116.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Monaco, S. F. 2020. “The Sign NUN in the Archaic Texts”, in Arkhipov, I., Kogan, L., Koslova, N. (ed.) The Third Millennium. Studies in Early Mesopotamia and Syria in Honor of Walter Sommerfeldd and Manfred Krebernik. CM 50. Leiden—Boston: Brill, pp. 508513Google Scholar
Orthmann, W. 1985. Der Alte Orient. Propyläen Kunstgeschichte. Band 13. Berlin: Propyläen Verlag.Google Scholar
Peterson, J. 2010. “Nergal, Enki and the Abzu”, NABU 2010/28.Google Scholar
Pettinato, G. 1982. Testi lessicali bilingui della biblioteca L. 2769. MEE 4. Napoli: Istituto Universitario Orientale die Napoli, Seminario die Studi Asiatici.Google Scholar
Pomponio, F.and Xella, P. 1997. Les dieux d'Ebla. Étude analytique des divinités éblaïtes à l’époque des archives royales du IIIe millénire. AOAT 245. Münster: Ugarit Verlag.Google Scholar
Richter, Th. 2004. Untersuchungen zu den lokalen Panthea Süd- und Mittelbabyloniens in altbabylonischer Zeit. AOAT 257 (second edition). Münster: Ugarit Verlag.Google Scholar
Selz, G. 1989. „Nissaba(k): ,Die Herrin der Getreidezuteilungen‘“, in: Behrens, H., Loding, D., Roth, M. T. (ed.) DUMU-É-DUB-BA-A, Studies in Honor of Åke W. Sjöberg. OPSNKF 11. Philadelphia: The University Museum, pp. 491–98.Google Scholar
Selz, G. 1995. Untersuchungen zur Götterwelt des altsumerischen Stadtstaates von Lagaš, OPSNKF 13. Philadelphia: The University Mueseum.Google Scholar
Soysal, O. 2011. Review of Herbordt 2005. Journal of Near Eastern Studies 70: 325–34.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Steinkeller, P. 2019. “Babylonian Priesthood during the Third Millennium BCE: Between Sacred and Profane”, Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Religions 19: 112151.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tonietti, M. V. 2011. “One more personal name with dEnki/Ḥayya in Ebla, and a new, unexpected writing for this Divine Name”, NABU 2011/69.Google Scholar
Veldhuis, N. 2004. Religion, Literature, and Scholarship. The Sumerian Composition “Nanše and the Birds”. CM 22. Leiden-Boston: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Weeden, M. 2009. “The Akkadian Words for Grain and the God Haya”. Welt des Orients 39: 77107.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiggermann, F. A. M. 1998-2001. „Nin-azu“. RlA 9: 329–35.Google Scholar
Wilcke, C. 2020. „Zur UŠUMGAL-Stele: ELTS 12“, in Arkhipov, I., Kogan, L., Koslova, N. (ed.) The Third Millennium. Studies in Early Mesopotamia and Syria in Honor of Walter Sommerfeld and Manfred Krebernik. CM 50. Leiden—Boston: Brill, pp. 716–29.Google Scholar
Zand, K. 2020: Die Schlussdoxologien der literarischen Texte aus Fāra und Tell Abū Ṣalābīḫ, in: Arkhipov, I. et al. (ed.): The Third Millennium. Studies in Early Mesopotamia and Syria in Honor of Walter Sommerfeld and Manfred Krebernik. CM 50. Leiden—Boston: Brill, pp. 341–76.Google Scholar