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IRRIGATION AND LANDSCAPE COMMEMORATION IN NORTHERN ASSYRIA, THE ASSYRIAN CANAL AND ROCK RELIEFS IN FAIDA (KURDISTAN REGION OF IRAQ): PRELIMINARY REPORT ON THE 2019 FIELD SEASON

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  15 November 2022

Daniele Morandi Bonacossi  and
Hasan Ahmed Qasim
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Abstract

This article presents the preliminary results of the joint Kurdish-Italian Faida Archaeological Project (KIFAP) conducted by the Duhok Directorate of Antiquities and the University of Udine at the Assyrian Faida canal and rock art complex in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Investigation of this extraordinary and seriously endangered archaeological site was launched in 2019 and has led to the exploration of an 8.6 km-long irrigation canal cut into the limestone bedrock of the Chiya Daka hill range in the outskirts of the village of Faida, south of Duhok. Ten monumental sculpted rock panels carved along the canal's eastern bank were brought to light, representing an Assyrian ruler depicted at both ends of each panel, framing the cult statues of seven deities standing on pedestals shaped like striding animals. This article discusses the canal's role in the wider context of the Northern Assyrian Irrigation System and the function of the Assyrian hydraulic networks as economic infrastructures with transformative effects on the landscape and staple food production of the empire's core. The Faida bas-reliefs are examined from an archaeological and art historical perspective, and hypotheses are proposed about their religious and ideological meaning, as well as their dating and the identity of the king or kings who commissioned them.

يعرض المقال النتائج الأولية لمشروع فيدا الأثري المشترك بين الأكراد والإيطاليين (KIFAP) ، الذي أجرته مديرية آثار دهوك وجامعة أوديين في قناة الفيدا الآشورية ومجمع الفنون الصخرية في إقليم كردستان العراق . بدأ التحقيق في هذا الموقع الأثري الاستثنائي والمعرض للانقراض في عام 2019 وأدى إلى استكشاف قناة ري بطول 8.6 كيلومتر مقطوعة في صخرالحجر الجيري لسلسلة تل شيا داكا Daka Chiya في ضواحي قرية فايدا Faida، جنوب دهوك . تم اكتشاف عشرة ألواح صخرية منحوتة ضخمة منحوتة على طول الضفة الشرقية للقناة ، تمثل حاكمًا آشوريًا مصورًا على طرفي كل لوحة ، أمام تماثيل عبادة لسبعة آلهة تقف على قواعد على شكل حيوانات ماشية. تناقش هذه المقالة دور القناة في السياق الأوسع لنظام الري الآشوري الشمالي ووظيفة الشبكات الهيدروليكية الآشورية كبنى تحتية اقتصادية ذات تأثيرات تحويلية على المناظر الطبيعية وإنتاج المواد الغذائية الأساسية في قلب الإمبراطورية. يتم فحص نقوش الفيدا Faida من منظور تاريخي أثري وفني ، ويتم اقتراح فرضيات حول معناها الديني والأيديولوجي ، وكذلك حول تاريخها وهوية الملك أو الملوك الذين أمروا بصنعها.

Type
Research Article
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IRAQ , Volume 84 , December 2022 , pp. 43 - 81
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute for the Study of Iraq 2022

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