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THE ERBIL PLAIN ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY: PRELIMINARY RESULTS, 2012–2020

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 May 2021

Jason Ur ,
Nader Babakr ,
Rocco Palermo ,
Petra Creamer ,
Mehrnoush Soroush ,
Shilan Ramand  and
Karel Nováček
Jason Ur
Affiliation:
Department of Anthropology Harvard UniversityCambridge, Massachusetts, [email protected]
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Abstract

The Erbil Plain Archaeological Survey (EPAS) investigates settlement and land use from the Neolithic to the present in the Erbil Governorate of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, which includes a large portion of the core of the Assyrian Empire. In seven field seasons, it has documented a broad settlement landscape in a region of great social and political importance, especially in the Bronze and Iron Ages, including 728 archaeological sites. Its field methodology combines traditional surface collection with the use of historical aerial and satellite photographs, mobile GIS, and UAV (drone) photogrammetry. Preliminary results show some unexpected patterns: a high density of culturally Uruk settlements in the fourth millennium B.C., variable urban morphologies in the Early Bronze Age; and large but low-density settlements at the end of the Sasanian period or the early Islamic period. The project is explicitly testing several hypotheses about centralized Neo-Assyrian landscape planning in the imperial core. These hypotheses appear to be confirmed, although the situation was more complex than in surrounding provinces, probably due to the longer history of continuous settlement.

المسح الأثري لسهل أربيل (EPAS) يدرس الاستيطان واستخدام الأراضي من العصر الحجري الجديد الى يومنا هذا في محافظة أربيل في كردستان العراق، والتي تشمل جزءا كبيرا من قلب الإمبراطورية الآشورية. فمن خلال خمسة مواسم من الدراسة الحقلية تم توثيق منطقة استيطان واسعة في إقليم بالغ الأهمية من الناحيتين الاجتماعية والسياسية، خصوصا خلال العصر البرونزي والحديدي، يضم 728 موقعا أثريا تقريبا.

تجمع طرق العمل الحقلي التجميع السطحي التقليدي واستخدام الصور الجوية التاريخية وصور عن طريق الأقمار الصناعية ونظم المعلومات الجغرافية المحمول mobile GIS والمسح التصويري الجوي بدون طيار UAV. وبينت النتائج الأولية أنماط غير متوقعة: مستوطنات كثيفة السكان لها ثقافة أوروك من الألف الرابع قبل الميلاد، وأشكال حضرية متباينة من العصر البرونزي: ومستوطنات كبيرة منخفضة الكثافة السكانية في نهاية العصر الساساني او بداية العصر الإسلامي. يختبر المشروع بشكل صريح عدة فرضيات حول التخطيط المركزي الآشوري للأراضي في قلب الإمبراطورية. ويبدو ان هذه الفرضيات قد تم إثباتها، ولو أن الظروف كانت أكثر تعقيدا مما كان الحال عليه في الأقاليم المجاورة، وقد يكون ذلك بسبب طول فترة الاستيطان المتواصل فيها.

Type
Research Article
Information
IRAQ , Volume 83 , December 2021 , pp. 205 - 243
Copyright
Copyright © The British Institute for the Study of Iraq 2021

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