^{page 1 note 1} For a discussion of the misleading results arising from the misuse of this term in European premstory see Daniel, Glyn, The Three Ages (Cambridge, 1943)Google Scholar.

^{page 1 note 2} See Archaeological Ages as Technological Stages (Royal Anthropological Institute, 1944)Google Scholar.

^{page 1 note 3} This has not been treated in detail, reference being given to Gjerstad's classification.

^{page 3 note 1} Wolf, , Die Bewaffnung, Taf. 4, 2Google Scholar.

^{page 3 note 2} For a general discussion of the distribution of these daggers see Childe, , Dawn, 216 ff.Google Scholar, Fig. 106, and Castillo, , La Cultura del Vaso Campaniforme, pls. v, 7, 8 Google Scholar; LXXVII, 4, 5; XCVII, 3; CXII, 1; CXVII, 7; CXXIII, 7. See also Dechelette, , Manuel, 11 Fig. 57, 4 Google Scholar; Piggott, , Early Bronze Age in Wessext 56 and note 1Google Scholar; Evans, Ancient Bronze Implements of Great Britain, Fig. 277. Some of the above examples have slight raised flanges on each side of the tang and the blade is triangular-shaped; others, especially some of the Spanish and all of the British examples, resemble more closely the western Asiatic type.

^{page 3 note 3} See introduction to Type 13.

^{page 4 note 1} Smith, , Early History of Assyria, 57 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 4 note 2} Frankfort, Archaeology and the Sumerian Problem.

^{page 4 note 3} Jessen, A. A. and Degen-Kolvalevski, B. E., Iz Istorii Drevney Metallurgii Kavkaza (Moscow/Leningrad, 1935)Google Scholar. English summary in Georgica, 1937, nos. 4 and 5, pp. 312 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 4 note 4} Hančar, , Urgeschichte Kaukasiens, Taf. XXXVIII, 5, 6, 7 Google Scholar.

^{page 4 note 5} Ibid., Taf. LII, 3.

^{page 4 note 6} Ibid., Abb. 26, 1.

^{page 4 note 7} Man, XLII, NO. 74.

^{page 5 note 1} Wolf, , Die Bewaffnung, Taf. 5, 1Google Scholar.

^{page 5 noet 2} Mr. Stewart has found examples at Vounous dating from E.C. I-III and thinks the earliest of these examples should not be dated before 2700 B.C. He writes: ‘A large percentage had two extra rivets in position by the shoulder, but not touching the metal. … Where only the tang remains it is safe to assume the decay of the shoulder rivets, and I do not believe in the existence of a tang plus one rivet class as a separate entity? This class of Cypriot dagger has been mentioned in the catalogue of Type 2, and owing to the numerous examples which have been found where no signs of the shoulder rivets remain it seems unlikely that in every case the extra shoulder rivets would have decayed.

^{page 6 note 1} Schmidt, E., Die Kurgane der Stanica Konstantinovskaja (E.S.A. IV, p. 20)Google Scholar.

^{page 7 note 1} Petrie, , Tools and Weapons, pl. XXXIII, 9, 10 Google Scholar.

^{page 8 note 1} Pendlebury, , Crete, pl. XI, 3, d.Google Scholar

^{page 11 note 1} Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte, VI, Taf. 23, Monte Bradoni Cave.

^{page 11 note 2} Peet, The Stone and Bronze Ages in Italy, Figs. 136 and 139; Hawkes, Prehistoric Foundations, Fig. 15, 3.

^{page 11 note 3} Przeworski, , Die Metallindustrie, 50 Google Scholar.

^{page 12 note 1} M. M. Ivanscenko, Beiträge zur Vorgeschichte Abchasiens (E.S.A. VII, Abb. 22), and Tallgren, Sur les monuments mégalithiques du Caucase occidental (E.S.A. IX); cf. Kuftin, , Trialeti, I, pl. CVGoogle Scholar.

^{page 12 note 2} Antiquity, XVII, 183 Google Scholar, and Man, XLIV, No. 30.

^{page 14 note 1} The wide central flange is found on a tanged dagger from the Grotte du Castellet, near Aries, and a flint weapon from the same site shows the same feature. See Castillo, , La Cultura del Vaso Campaniforme, pls. XCVI, 7 and XCVII, 3 Google Scholar.

^{page 14 note 2} See Hančar, , Urgeschickte Kaukasiens, Abb. 30 Google Scholar. Dagger blade from Machosevskaja (Kuban-Terek), also E.S.A. IX. 51 Google Scholar, Abb. 1, d. Kalakent.

^{page 14 note 3} Der Grottenfund von Ordu (A.Or. VII. 390 ff. and VIII. 49 ff.)Google Scholar.

^{page 15 note 1} Winckler, , Vorläufige Nachrichten über die Ausgrabungen in Boghas-Koi im Sommer 1907 (M.D.O.G. XXXV. 1, 1907, 7 f.)Google Scholar.

^{page 15 note 2} Bittel, , Neue Funde vorklassischer Zeit aus Kleinasien (J.D.A.I. XLIX, 1934)Google Scholar.

^{page 15 note 3} Nioradze, G., Der Verwahrfund von Kvemo-Sasi-rithi (E.S.A. VII)Google Scholar.

^{page 15 note 4} Przeworski, , Die Metallindustrie, pl. III, 5, 6 Google Scholar.

^{page 18 note 1} Petrie, , Tools and Weapons, pl, XXXIV, Nos. 37, 38, 48, 50 Google Scholar.

^{page 18 note 2} Pendlebury, , Crete, pl. XI, 3 Google Scholar; Xanthoudides, , Vaulted Tombs of the Messara, pl. xxxix, 1435 (M.M.I), pl. LV, 1870 Google Scholar.

^{page 18 note 3} Seager, Mochlos, Fig. 45, iii o.

^{page 18 note 4} Blegen, Prosymna, Fig. 603.

^{page 18 note 5} Blegen, Zigouries, pl. XX, 25.

^{page 18 note 6} Petrie, op. cit., pl. XXXV, 73.

^{page 18 note 7} Blegen, Prosymna, Figs. 420, 421.

^{page 18 note 8} Childe, Dawn, Fig. 116.

^{page 18 note 9} Peet, Italy, Fig. 142.

^{page 18 note 10} Pericot, , La Civilización Megalítica Catalana, pl. XII, 1 Google Scholar.

^{page 18 note 11} Childe, , Dawn, 282 Google Scholar.

^{page 18 note 12} Ibid., 109.

^{page 18 note 13} Danube, 190, mentions round-heeled daggers in Beaker graves from Bohemia and Moravia and Heides-heimer near Mainz.

^{page 18 note 14} Ibid., 263.

^{page 18 note 15} Hawkes, Prehistoric Foundations, Fig. 25, c; peet, op. cit., Fig. 166.

^{page 18 note 16} Childe, Dawn, Fig. 130.

^{page 18 note 17} Ibid., Fig. 140; Philippe, Cinq années de fouilles à Fort Harrouardy pl. v; see Piggott, , Early Bronze Age in Wessex, 64 ff.Google Scholar, for a discussion of the Breton types.

^{page 18 note 18} Piggott, op. cit.

^{page 19 note 1} Nioradze, G., Der Verwahrfund von Kvemo-Sasirethi (E.S.A. VII, Abb. 8)Google Scholar. Unstratified.

^{page 19 note 1} At Cambykskaja, Hančar, , Urgeschichte Kaukasiens, Abb. 23, 7Google Scholar, Middle Kuban period, dated by Tallgren 1500-1100, Schmidt 2300-1600, Childe 2100-1500 Tallgren, B.C., Études sur le Caucase du Nord (E.S.A. IV)Google Scholar, mentions 8 other examples.

^{page 19 note 3} See Antiquity, xvi, 19, 1942 Google Scholar; J. B. Ward-Perkins, Problems of Maltese Prehistory, Note on the daggers by K. R. Maxwell-Hyslop. The date of the Bronze Age level at Hal Tarxien awaits the further study of the pottery.

^{page 19 note 4} Bittel, Mitt. No. 77, 1939, Abb. 41.

^{page 20 note 1} Seager, Mochlosy Fig. 45, xiii m; also Xanthoudides, , Vaulted Tombs, pl. XXIV, 1175, 1178 Google Scholar; Pendlebury, , Crete, pl. XI, 3 Google Scholar.

^{page 20 note 2} Petrie, Tools and Weapons, pl. XXXV, D. 88.

^{page 22 note 1} Since writing this I have been able to consult Dunand's, Fouilles de Byblos (1940)Google Scholar, where a copper example was found in the prehistoric cemetery (see Catalogue of Type 20).

^{page 24 note 1} Wolf, Die Bewaffnung, Taf. 4, 6.

^{page 25 note 1} Hall, Greece, Fig. 102.

^{page 26 note 1} Wolf, Die Bewaffnungt, Taf. 4,8; Petrie, Diospolis Parva. The Cemeteries of Abadiyeh and Hu, pl. XXXII, 4.

^{page 27 note 1} Tell Ajjūl, Petrie, II, pl. XIV, 71; pl. XIX, 10, pl. XVIII, 7; IV, pl. XLI, 110-11, 115, 118. Gezer, Macalister, III, pl. LXI, 23-4. Megiddo, GUY, pl. 118. 2. Jericho, Garstang, A.A.A. XIX (3-4), pl. XXXVII, 1-2.

^{page 27 note 2} Dunand, Byblos, pl. XCIV, 3872.

^{page 29 note 1} For detail of method of hafting, see Schaeffer, Missions en Chypre, Fig. 16. For another suggestion see Gardner, G. B., Le Problème de la garde de l'èpèe cypriote de l'Âge de Bronze (B.S.P.F. 12, 1937)Google Scholar.

^{page 30 note 1} Childe, Dawn, Figs. 23, 26. See also an example from Thermi IV, Lamb, , Thermi, pl. XLVII, 32·2Google Scholar without tang. Cf. Type 14.

^{page 30 note 2} Mecquenem, De, M.D.P. XXV, Fig. 25. 1Google Scholar.

^{page 30 note 3} Cf. Gjerstad, , Studies, 234, Type 2 aGoogle Scholar.

^{page 32 note 1} Gjerstad, , S.C.E. 1, pl. CXLII, L. 302 Google Scholar, A. 38, E.C. III.

^{page 32 note 2} Schaeffer, , Missions en Chypre, 30 ff.Google Scholar, discusses the importance of the position of the blades in the graves. At Vounous many blades were found lying beside the body but pointing upwards to the head, a position which would be more natural for a lance than a dagger.

^{page 32 note 3} Schaeffer, op. cit., Fig. 16, 3.

^{page 32 note 4} Goldman, , A.J.A. XLII. 1, Fig. 14Google Scholar.

^{page 32 note 5} Heine-Geldern, R., New Light on the Aryan Migration to India (B.I.A.A. V. 1 Google Scholar, Fig. 9, 3rd from left), and Rostovtzeff, , J.E.A., VI, 1920, pl. III, 10Google Scholar.

^{page 32 note 6} Contenau, Giyan, pl. 32, T. 112, 3; Schmidt, Hissar, pl. L, H. 3582. See McCowan, , Comparative Stratigraphy of Early Irany p. 53 Google Scholar.

^{page 32 note 7} The idea of the stop-ridge is also common on spearheads without hooked tangs, both on the poker butt form and those with leaf-shaped blades. Cf. Woolley, Royal Tombs, pl. 227, and Hittite Burial Customs (A.A.A. VI, pl. XIX; the fragmentary example, 4, has stop-ridge and hooked tang, cf. Survey of Persian Arty pl. 54 F); Tallgren, , Études sur les monuments du Caucase (E.S.A. IX, Fig. 21, 8)Google Scholar. Another example with wider blade is known from S. Russia, R. Heine-Geldern, op. cit., Fig. 10. For a discussion of the distribution of these spearheads see Childe, Axes from Maikop and Caucasian Metallurgy (A.A.A. XXIII), and also Frankfort, Archaeology and the Sumerian Problem.

^{page 34 note 1} The weapons worn by the curious female figures on the fragment of a Mycenaean vase from Ras Shamra have exaggerated crescentic-shaped pommels, and from the shape of the sheath one may infer the existence of large horned guards: Syria, xii, 1931, pl. IIIGoogle Scholar. A similar weapon with crescentic-shaped pommel and wide shoulders is found among the Cretan pictographic signs which belong to M.M. II, and another with round pommel is depicted on the stele from the 5th Shaft-grave: Remouchamps, Griechische Dolch- und Schwertformen, Abb. 16 and 17.

^{page 34 noet 2} Remouchamps, op. cit., Abb. 19.

^{page 34 note 3} Wace, , Archaeologia, LXXXII, pl. VII, No. 49Google Scholar, from Tomb 518 at Mycenae. See also Persson, Dendra, pl. XXI.

^{page 34 note 4} Hutchinson, R. W., Iraq, 1. 2, p. 169 Google Scholar.

^{paeg 34 note 5} Xanthoudides, , Eph. Arch., 1906 Google Scholar. Cited by Hutchinson, loc. cit.

^{page 34 note 6} Evans, , Palace of Minos, 1. 195 and Fig. 142cGoogle Scholar, and Halbherr, , Monumenti Antichi dell' Accademia dei Lincei, XIX Google Scholar; also cited by Hutchinson, loc. cit.

^{page 34 note 7} And Asia Minor. See addendum to Type 31.

^{page 34 note 8} Citing B.S.A. X, Supp. Papers, pl. XXV.

^{page 36 note 1} Childe, Bronze Age, Fig. 8, 6.

^{page 36 note 2} And Asia Minor. See addendum to Type 32 d.

^{page 36 note 3} Hančar, , Kaukasus-Luristan, E.S.A. IX, p. 51, cGoogle Scholar.

^{page 36 note 4} Zakharoff, , Études sur l'archéologie de l'Asie Mineure et du Caucase (R.H.A. I, pls. X, 7; XI, 1)Google Scholar.

^{page 36 note 5} Hančar, op. cit. 51, e and f.

^{page 36 note 6} Zakharoff, op. cit., pls. XI, 6 and 7.

^{page 36 note 7} Ibid., pls. XI, 9.

^{page 36 note 8} Chantre, , Recherches anthropologiques dans le Caucase, 11, Fig. 124Google Scholar.

^{page 38 note 1} Wolf, , Die Bewaffnung, pp. 43 f.Google Scholar, Taf. 13, 8. For another example bearing the name of a Hyksos king see ibid. 71, footnote 1a.

^{page 39 note 1} Wolf, op. cit. 71, Taf. 13, 9.

^{page 39 note 2} Ibid. Taf. 5, 4 and 5; see also Petrie, , Tools and Weapons, pl. XXXIV, 52 Google Scholar.

^{page 39 note 3} Wolf, op. cit. 71, footnote 1.

^{page 39 note 4} Carter-Newberry, The Tomb of Thoutmôsis IV, pls. X and XI.

^{page 39 note 5} Bonnet, , Die Waffen, Abb. 25 aGoogle Scholar; Archaeologia, LIII, pl. iv, 4. For a discussion of this type of blade, see Bonnet, op. cit. 63 f, Abb. 23, c, d, and Abb. 25 b. Examples are also known from Gaza, Petrie, , Gaza, III, pl. IX, 26 Google Scholar, and Shamra, Ras, Schaeffer, , Syria, XIII, 1932, pl. X, 1 Google Scholar.

^{page 39 note 6} Bonnet, , Die Waffen, Abb. 24 e.Google Scholar

^{page 39 note 7} Wolf, , Die Bewaffnung, Taf. 13, 12Google Scholar; Bonnet, op. cit., Abb. 31.

^{page 40 note 1} Hutchinson, op. cit., p. 34, note 4.

^{page 41 note 1} With the exception of the two curved swords from Norre, Ostergotland, and Kondstorp, Schonen. Forssander, , Der Ostkand Norden während der ältesten Metallzeit Europas (Lund, 1936), 198, Taf. XLI, XLIIGoogle Scholar. Dated as end of Aunjetitz.

^{page 41 note 2} Wolf, , Die Bewaffnung, Taf. 7, 2Google Scholar.

^{page 41 note 3} Naville, and Griffith, , Tell el Yahûdîyeh, pl. XIX, 30 Google Scholar.

^{page 41 note 4} See Catalogue.

^{page 42 note 1} Wolf, op. cit., Taf. 7, 6-11.

^{page 42 note 2} Bonnet, , Die Waffen, Abb. 42 Google Scholar.

^{page 42 note 3} Contenau, , Manuel, 1, Fig. 324Google Scholar.

^{page 42 note 4} Zervos, , L'Art de la Mésopotamie, p. 111 Google Scholar.

^{page 42 note 5} Bonnet, , Die Waffen, Abb. 41 Google Scholar. See Langdon, Semitic Mythology, Figs. 84 and 86, for the scimitar and curved sword on Assyrian cylinder seals.

^{page 42 note 6} Budge, Assyrian Sculptures, pl. 1.

^{page 44 note 1} Zakharoff, , R.H.A. 1 pl. XII, 3 and pl. XI, 2Google Scholar.

^{page 44 note 2} See Catalogue.

^{page 45 note 3} Citing Hutchinson, , Iraq, 1. 165 Google Scholar; Xanthoudides, , Eph. Arch. 1904, 29, Fig. 7Google Scholar and Evans, Shaft Graves, Fig. 22.

^{page 45 note 4} Benton, , B.S.A. XXIX, 114, Fig. 1Google Scholar.

^{page 45 note 5} Reallexikon der Vorgeschichte, VI, Taf. 29, fGoogle Scholar.

^{page 45 note 1} Whether India can be included in this list if these tribes contained people of Indo-European speech, or whether the movement was caused by a second Aryan migration similar to that which must have occurred between 1500 and 1450 B.C. or earlier, cannot be discussed here, but see Heine-Geldern, R., New Light on the Aryan Migration to India (B.A.I.I.A. V, 1)Google Scholar, whose arguments are partly based on a second millennium date for Hissar III. Swords with flanged hilts found in India are discussed by Piggott, , Prehistoric Copper Hoards in the Ganges Basin (Antiquity, XVIII. 173–82)Google Scholar.

^{page 47 note 1} Karo, Schachtgräbe von Mykenai, pls. LXXXI, LXXXII, No. 725.

^{page 47 note 2} Hall, Greece, Fig. 257

^{page 47 note 3} Childe, Bronze Age, Fig. 8, 8.

^{page 47 note 4} Godard thinks that some of the Luristan weapons can be ascribed to the Kassites, but there is no convincing evidence that the Kassites were ever competent metallurgists.

^{page 49 note 1} Hutchinson, , Iraq, 1. 2, 1934 CrossRefGoogle Scholar. See also introduction to Type 44.

^{page 49 note 2} Hutchinson, op. cit., pl. XXII, 3. Morgan, De, La Préhistoire orientale, III, Fig. 251, 1Google Scholar.

^{page 50 note 1} Nioradze, G., Der Verwahrfund von Kvemo-Sasirithi (E.S.A. VII, Abb. 8)Google Scholar.

^{page 50 note 2} Hančar, , Kaukasus-Luristan (E.S.A. IX, Abb. 2.)Google Scholar.

^{page 50 note 3} Ibid.

^{page 51 note 1} B.M.Q. XII. 2, 36 Google Scholar.

^{page 51 note 2} E.S.A. IX. 76 ff.Google Scholar; see also Kuftin, Trialeti, Fig. 59, for an example similar to the Chagula Derre weapon.

^{page 52 note 1} Hall, Greece, Fig. 331, d, e; Remouchamps, , Griechische Dolch- und Schwertformen, Abb. 25 Google Scholar.

^{page 52 note 2} Hall, op. cit., p. 256, Note 1 and Fig. 331 d; Remouchamps, op. cit., p. 17, discusses the development of this type in the Aegean.

^{page 52 note 3} Other early European short swords with blades approximating more to that of Type 47 are known from Denmark, N. Germany, and Upper Italy, and belong to the period 1600-1400 B.C. Cf. Uenze, Otto, Die frühbronzezeitlichen triangularen Vollgriffdolche, pp. 72 ff.Google Scholar

^{page 53 note 1} B.M.Br.G., Fig. 169.

^{page 53 note 2} Hubert, H., De quelques objets de bronze trouvés à Byblos (Byria, VI, 1934, pl. III)Google Scholar; Petrie, , Tools and Weapons, pl. XXXVI, 166 Google Scholar.

^{page 53 note 3} Peet, Italy, Fig. 169; Childe, , Danube, pl. 1, A.6 (Swiss)Google Scholar.

^{page 54 note 1} Phokis. See Montelius, , Grèce préclassique, I, pl. 14, 4 Google Scholar. Vrokastro, Hall, , University of Pennsylvania Anthropological Publications, 3, pl. 21 F, G.Google Scholar

^{page 54 note 2} Norcia, , Reallexikon der Vorgeschichtef VI, Taf. 29, fGoogle Scholar; Syracuse, Remouchamps, , Griechische Dolch- und Schwertformen, Abb. 45 bGoogle Scholar; Veji, Remouchamps, op. cit., Abb. 41a; Terni, , Notizie degli Scavi, 1907, 626, 636 Google Scholar. Perugia, Rome, Montelius, , Civilisation primitive en Italie, 2, Pl. 252, 12, pl. 355, 17aGoogle Scholar; Cumae, , Monumenti Antichi, XXII, Fig. 27, 1 Google Scholar.

^{page 54 note 3} Myres, , Cat. Cesnola Collection, 4726 and 4554 Google Scholar.

^{page 54 note 4} Chantre, , Recherches archéologiques dans le Caucase, 1, pl. IVGoogle Scholar.

^{page 54 mnote 5} Persson, , Dendra, Fig. 20, 3, 5 Google Scholar.

^{page 54 note 6} Remouchamps, , Griechische Dolch- und Schwertformen, Abb. 23–25 Google Scholar. See also Childe, The Minoan Influences on the Danubian Bronze Age, Fig. 2, in Essays in Aegean Archaeology? presented to Sir Arthur Evanst where the Ialysos sword (dated to c. 1300 B.C.), is compared to a sword from Hammer, Nuremberg. I am indebted to Prof. Stuart Piggott for this reference.

^{page 55 note 1} See Hall, Greece, Fig. 332, footnote i, and Watzinger, Tell el Mutesellimi 11. 45, footnote 1 for Aegean distribution and references; Remouchamps, , Griechische Dolch- und Schwertformen, Abb. 31–7Google Scholar. Burn, A. R., Minoans, Philistines and Greeks, 41 Google Scholar, thinks these swords were carried south from Europe by bands of marauding warriors who may have taken part in the Phrygian invasion of Asia Minor; Hall, op. cit., 256, associates this type with the Achaeans; Homer, Iliad, XIII. 576-7, mentions the slashing swords which come from Thrace.

^{page 55 note 2} Wolf, , Die Bewaffnung, Taf. 15 Google Scholar.

^{page 55 note 3} An example from Aryanos, CHILDE, Danube, pl. II, c. 3 (dated to Danubian period V, c. 1400-1200 B.C.) can be compared with the Cypriot example from Kurion; both have flanged hilts, round shoulders, and rivets to keep the inlay in place.

^{page 56 note 1} Przeworski, , Die Metallindustrie, Taf. VI, 7 Google Scholar.

^{page 57 note 1} Bittel, Boǧazköy (Die Kleinfunde der Grabungen 1906-12. I. Funde hetkitischer Zeit), from Level I IIa; H. Schmidt, 6059-64, 7900; Von der Osten, O.I.P. 29, Fig. 261, c. 1419, d. 2876. Körte, , Gordion (Ergebnisse der Ausgrabung im 1900), 174 Google Scholar. See also Introduction to Type 25 for Palestinian examples dating from the Hyksos period.

^{page 57 note 2} Zakharoff, , R.H.A. 1, pl. 12, 4–6 Google Scholar; Przeworski, , Die Metallindustrie, Taf. XXII, 3 Google Scholar; Morgan, De, Mission scientifique au Caucase, II, Fig. 36Google Scholar.

^{page 57 note 3} Hall, , Greece, p. 229 Google Scholar, describes this weapon as a Shardana sword, Burn, , Minoans, Philistines and Greeks, 120 Google Scholar, calls it ‘a characteristically “Homeric” weapon, the cut and thrust leaf-shaped sword’, yet swords of this type have protruding ‘horns’ on the ricasso (see Introduction to Type 46). Lorimer, H. L., Defensive Armour in Homer (A.A.A. XV, 3-4, p. 94)Google Scholar, describes it as a ‘narrow-rapier with well-marked mianb of the Shaft-grave type’, yet the blade is certainly leaf-shaped and not straight-sided as it should be if the weapon belonged to the Shaft-grave series.

^{page 58 note 1} Childe, Danube, pl. II, Type Co and Cl.

^{page 58 note 2} Zakharoff, , Études sur l'archéologie de l'Asie Mineure et du Caucase (R.H.A. I)Google Scholar.

^{page 58 note 3} Perrot and Chipiez, II, Fig. 53.

^{page 59 note 1} Zakharoff, A., R.H.A. I, p. 129 and pl. v, 2Google Scholar.

^{page 59 note 2} Müller, W. M., Egyptological Researches, 11, pl. x, 1, pl. VIGoogle Scholar; Hall, Greece, Fig. 260.

^{page 59 note 3} Hančar, , Kaukasus-Luristan (E.S.A. IX), Abb. 1, aGoogle Scholar.

^{page 59 note 4} Hančar, op. cit., Abb. 19, b and c.

^{page 59 note 5} Morgan, De, La Préhistoire orientale, 111, Fig. 249Google Scholar.

^{page 59 note 6} Hall, op. cit., Fig. 267, and Childe, The Aryans, Fig. 25, 7.

^{page 59 note 7} See catalogue.

^{page 59 note 8} Wolf, op. cit., Taf. 5, 2.

^{page 60 note 1} Hall, Greece, Fig. 267.

^{page 60 note 2} Bonnet, , Die Waffen, Abb. 20cGoogle Scholar; Wolf, , Die Bewaffnung, Abb. 20 Google Scholar (right-hand example).

^{page 60 note 3} Newberry, , Berti Hasan, 1, Pl. 47Google Scholar; Wreszinsky, , Atlas zur altägyptischen Kulturgeschichtet 11, 8 Google Scholar.

^{page 60 note 4} Wolf, op. cit., Taf. 5, 1.

^{page 60 note 5} Wolf, op. cit., Taf. 5, 3.

^{page 60 note 6} Petrie, , Tools and Weapons, pl. XXXIII, 26 Google Scholar.

^{page 60 note 7} It is suggestive that the meaning of paṭaru is ‘to slit’ or ‘peel’, which may imply that in Assyria the dagger was originally used as a tool and that its use as a weapon of war was a later development. Bezold's translation of šibbu as a girdle or loin-cloth worn round the hips is not correct as daggers were always worn with the sheath stuck through the belt at the waist. On sikkat karri, ‘pommel’, see Meissner, B., Beiträge zum assyrischen Wörterbuch, 1, p. 61, no. 60Google Scholar.

^{page 61 note 1} Contenau, , Manuely III, p. 1247 Google Scholar.

^{page 61 note 2} Gurney, O., Babylonian Prophylactic Figures and their Rituals (A.A.A. XXII, Nos. 1-2)Google Scholar. See Langdon, , Semitic Mythology, 138 Google Scholar, for the seven deified weapons in the Irra myth. Also Gadd, , The Assyrian Sculptures, 51 Google Scholar, for the identification of the figures described in the texts with those portrayed on the reliefs.