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Personal Pronouns in the Kakavandi Laki Dialect of Harsin (Kermanshah, Iran)

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 January 2022

Mahinnaz Mirdehghan  and
Simin Moradkhani
Mahinnaz Mirdehghan
Affiliation:
Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran
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Abstract

This study aims to analyze the positions and syntactic functions of dependent and independent personal pronouns in the Kakavandi Laki dialect in the region of Harsin (Kermanshah/Iran), an endangered dialect of Persian. The paper provides a morpho-syntactic description and investigates the dialectal characteristic positions of the pronominals in regard to their syntactic functions, which illustrate noticeable differences in comparison to Persian. The main functions under investigation include: subjective, objective, oblique and possessives, on the basis of which the pronominal positional variety is classified in the dialect. The study further examines the dialectal agreement patterns which demonstrate both ergative and non-ergative features.

Type
Research Article
Information
Iranian Studies , Volume 43 , Issue 4 , September 2010 , pp. 513 - 531
Copyright
Copyright © The International Society for Iranian Studies 2010

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References

1 The direct/oblique case division can be summarized as the contrast between the unmarked (nominative and absolutive) cases and the marked (ergative) ones.

2 This includes both the linguistic knowledge of one of the authors (Simin Moradkhani), as a speaker of K. Laki and a resident of Harsin, as well as interviews and questionnaires with 20 other K. Laki speakers who participated in the survey.

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17 The list of abbreviated forms which are used throughout the paper is presented in Table 14.

18 In regard to the consonantal phonemes of K. Laki, noteworthy is that, an extra semi-vowel /w/ is observed in the dialect comparatively to Persian. It also includes the following diphthongs: /ow/, /aw/, /ey/, /øw /, /əw /, /ew/.

19 Throughout the paper, examples (a) represent K. Laki and (b) Persian instances; also, to clarify the point, personal pronouns are shown in bold.

20 Though its presence in the agreement pattern of middle Persian is evident.

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23 Still, this possibility is not seen in the case of the usage of third person singular pronouns after the preposition.