Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t8hqh Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T02:56:54.908Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Survival, Growth, and Fecundity of the Invasive Swallowworts (Vincetoxicum rossicum and V. nigrum) in New York State

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Kristine M. Averill ,
Antonio DiTommaso ,
Charles L. Mohler  and
Lindsey R. Milbrath
Kristine M. Averill
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Antonio DiTommaso*
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Charles L. Mohler
Affiliation:
Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
Lindsey R. Milbrath
Affiliation:
USDA–ARS Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, Ithaca, NY 14853
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Black and pale swallowwort (BSW and PSW, respectively) are perennial, herbaceous vines in the Apocynaceae that are native to Europe. The species are becoming increasingly abundant in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada and are difficult to manage. However, we know little about the demographic parameters of these species. We determined the survival, annual rate of vegetative growth, and fecundity of mature clumps of these swallowwort species. We selected four PSW sites (three of which comprised both old-field and forest habitats) in central New York and three BSW old fields in southeastern New York. BSW is largely restricted to higher light habitats in its introduced range. In each habitat, we followed the growth of 30 to 32 randomly selected clumps of similar size (2 to 5 stems clump−1 in the initial year) for 3 to 4 yr. Yearly survival was 99.6 ± 0.3% [mean ± standard error] for PSW and 100 ± 0% for BSW. In old fields, vegetative expansion varied from −0.01 ± 0.1 to 4.6 ± 0.4 stems clump−1 yr−1 for BSW and −0.02 ± 0.2 to 2.1 ± 0.5 stems clump−1 yr−1 for PSW. In forests, PSW growth was lower with vegetative expansion ranging from −0.01 ± 0.1 to 0.8 ± 0.2 stems clump−1 yr−1. Fecundity of PSW in 2007 and 2008 (130 ± 10 viable seeds stem−1 yr−1) was similar to BSW (100 ± 10 viable seeds stem−1 yr−1). Fecundity of PSW in forests was generally lower than PSW in old fields, but it varied greatly among sites (0 to 170 viable seeds stem−1 yr−1). We found that stem growth and fecundity did not vary with clump size (stems per clump). Since vegetative expansion and fecundity rates were high in old-field habitats, but were generally low or nonexistent in forest habitats, we suggest that management of these two invasive vines be focused in higher light environments to reduce overall seed production and its subsequent spread to surrounding areas.

Keywords

Black (or Louise's) swallowwort, Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench., syn. Cynanchum louiseae Kartesz & GandhiPale (or European) swallowwort, Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar., syn. Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) BorhidiDemographydog-strangling vinenatural areasweed ecology
Type
Research
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 4 , Issue 2 , April 2011 , pp. 198 - 206
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Araki, K., Shimatani, K., and Ohara, M. 2009. Dynamics of distribution and performance of ramets constructing genets: a demographic–genetic study in a clonal plant, Convallaria keiskei . Ann. Bot. (London) 104:71–79.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Averill, K. M. 2009. Vincetoxicum spp. Biology and Ecology in New York State: Establishment Success, Vegetative Expansion, and Physiology of Two Invasive Perennial Vines in the Apocynaceae. M.S. thesis. Ithaca, NY Cornell University. 123 p.Google Scholar
Averill, K. M., DiTommaso, A., and Morris, S. H. 2008. Response of pale swallow-wort (Vincetoxicum rossicum) to triclopyr application and clipping. Invasive Plant Sci. Manag 1:196–206.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baker, H. G. 1965. Characteristics and modes of origin of weeds. Pages 147–168. In Baker, H. G. and Stebbins, J. L. eds. The Genetics of Colonizing Species. New York Academic Press.Google Scholar
Bierzychudek, P. 1982. Life histories and demography of shade-tolerant temperate forest herbs: a review. New Phytol 90:757–776.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blumenthal, D., Mitchell, C. E., Pysek, P., and Jarosik, V. 2009. Synergy between pathogen release and resource availability in plant invasion. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 106:7899–7904.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cappuccino, N., Mackay, R., and Eisner, C. 2002. Spread of the invasive alien vine Vincetoxicum rossicum: tradeoffs between seed dispersability and seed quality. Am. Midl. Nat 148:263–270.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Casagrande, R. and Dacey, J. 2007. Monarch butterfly oviposition on swallow-worts (Vincetoxicum spp.). Environ. Entomol 36:631–636.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cavers, P. B. and Harper, J. L. 1967. Studies in the dynamics of plant populations: I. The fate of seed and transplants introduced into various habitats. J. Ecol 55:59–71.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Colautti, R. I., Grigorovich, I. A., and MacIsaac, H. J. 2006. Propagule pressure: a null model for biological invasions. Biol. Invasions 8:1023–1037.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Coombs, E. M., Clark, J. K., Piper, G. L., and Cofrancesco, A. F. Jr. 2004. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Corvallis, OR Oregon State University Press. 467 p.Google Scholar
Davis, A. S., Landis, D. A., Nuzzo, V., Blossey, B., Gerber, E., and Hinz, H. L. 2006. Demographic models inform selection of biocontrol agents for garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata). Ecol. Appl 16:2399–2410.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
DiTommaso, A., Lawlor, F., and Darbyshire, S. 2005. The biology of invasive alien plants in Canada. 2. Cynanchum rossicum (Kleopow) Borhidi [= Vincetoxicum rossicum (Kleopow) Barbar.] and Cynanchum louiseae (L.) Kartesz & Gandhi [= Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench]. Can. J. Plant Sci 85:243–263.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
DiTommaso, A. and Losey, J. E. 2003. Oviposition preference and larval performance of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) on two invasive swallow-wort species. Entomol. Exp. Appl 108:205–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Douglass, C. H. 2008. The Role of Allelopathy, Morphology, and Genetic Diversity in the Invasion of Swallow-wort Species in New York State. M.S. thesis. Ithaca, NY Cornell University. 122 p.Google Scholar
Gerhardt, F. and Collinge, S. K. 2007. Abiotic constraints eclipse biotic resistance in determining invasibility along experimental vernal pool gradients. Ecol. Appl 17:922–933.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Gilbert, B. and Lechowicz, M. J. 2005. Invasibility and abiotic gradients: the positive correlation between native and exotic plant diversity. Ecology 86:1848–1855.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Greenberg, C., Smith, L., and Levey, D. 2001. Fruit fate, seed germination and growth of an invasive vine—an experimental test of ‘sit and wait’ strategy. Biol. Invasions 3:363–372.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hotchkiss, E. E., DiTommaso, A., Brainard, D. C., and Mohler, C. L. 2008. Survival and performance of the invasive vine Vincetoxicum rossicum (Apocynaceae) from seeds of different embryo number under two light environments. Am. J. Bot 95:447–453.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kitajima, K. 1994. Relative importance of photosynthetic traits and allocation patterns as correlates of seedling shade tolerance of 13 tropical trees. Oecologia 98:419–428.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lawlor, F. and Raynal, D. 2002. Response of swallow-wort to herbicides. Weed Sci 50:179–185.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leimu, R. 2004. Variation in the mating system of Vincetoxicum hirundinaria (Asclepiadaceae) in peripherial island populations. Ann. Bot 93:107–113.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lockwood, J. L., Cassey, P., and Blackburn, T. 2005. The role of propagule pressure in explaining species invasions. Trends Ecol. Evol 20:223–228.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lonsdale, W. M. 1999. Global patterns of plant invasions and the concept of invasibility. Ecology 80:1522–1536.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lumer, C. and Yost, S. 1995. The reproductive biology of Vincetoxicum nigrum (L.) Moench (Asclepiadaceae), a Mediterranean weed in New York State. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 122:15–23.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, P. H., Canham, C. D., and Marks, P. L. 2009. Why forests appear resistant to exotic plant invasions: intentional introductions, stand dynamics, and the role of shade tolerance. Front. Ecol. Environ 7:142–149.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Martin, P. H. and Marks, P. L. 2006. Intact forests provide only weak resistance to a shade-tolerant invasive Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.). J. Ecol 94:1070–1079.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mattila, H. and Otis, G. 2003. A comparison of the host preference of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) for milkweed (Asclepias syriaca) over dog-strangler vine (Vincetoxicum rossicum). Entomol. Exp. Appl 107:193–199.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McKague, C. and Cappuccino, N. 2005. Response of pale swallow-wort, Vincetoxicum rossicum, following aboveground tissue loss: implications for the timing of mechanical control. Can. Field Nat 119:525–531.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Milbrath, L. 2008. Growth and reproduction of invasive Vincetoxicum rossicum and V. nigrum under artificial defoliation and different light environments. Botany 86:1279–1290.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Morgan, M. F. 1941. Chemical soil diagnosis by the universal soil testing system. Conn. Agric. Exp. Stn. Bull. 450. 628 p.Google Scholar
Rejmanek, M. 1989. Invasibility of plant communities. Pages 369–388. In Drake, J. A., Mooney, H. A., di Castri, F., Groves, R. H., Kruger, F. J., Rejmanek, M., and Williamson, M. eds. Biological Invasions: A Global Perspective. Chichester, UK John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Richards, C. L., Bossdorf, O., Muth, N. Z., Gurevitch, J., and Pigliucci, M. 2006. Jack of all trades, master of some? On the role of phenotypic plasticity in plant invasions. Ecol. Lett 9:981–993.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rouget, M. and Richardson, D. M. 2003. Inferring process from pattern in plant invasions: a semimechanistic model incorporating propagule pressure and environmental factors. Am. Nat 162:713–724.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
SAS 2007. JMP User Guide. Version 6. Cary, NC Statistical Analysis Systems Institute. 487 p.Google Scholar
Schnitzer, M. 1991. Soil organic matter: the next 75 years. Soil Sci 151:41–58.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shea, K. and Kelly, D. 1998. Estimating biocontrol agent impact with matrix models: Carduus nutans in New Zealand. Ecol. Appl 8:824–832.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sheeley, S. 1992. The Distribution and Life History Characteristics of Vincetoxicum rossicum (Asclepiadaceae): An Exotic Plant in North America. M.S. thesis. Syracuse, NY State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry. 126 p.Google Scholar
Shipley, B. and Peters, R. H. 1990. A test of the Tilman model of plant strategies: relative growth rate and biomass partitioning. Am. Nat 136:139–153.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shmida, A. and Wilson, M. V. 1985. Biological determinants of species diversity. J. Biogeogr 12:1–20.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Smith, L. L., DiTommaso, A., Lehmann, J., and Greipsson, S. 2006. Growth and reproductive potential of the invasive exotic vine Vincetoxicum rossicum in northern New York state. Can. J. Bot 84:1771–1780.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Storer, D. A. 1984. A simple high sample volume ashing procedure for determination of soil organic matter. Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal 15:759–772.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tilman, D. 1997. Community invasibility, recruitment limitation, and grassland biodiversity. Ecology 78:81–92.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
USDA–NRCS 2008. Soil Series Classification Database USDA–NRCS, Lincoln, NE. http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/HomePage.htm. Accessed: April 21, 2010.Google Scholar
von Holle, B., Delcourt, H. R., Simberloff, D., and Harcombe, P. 2003. The importance of biological inertia in plant community resistance to invasion. J. Veg. Sci 14:425–432.CrossRefGoogle Scholar