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Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) Biology and Ecology and its Potential to Invade Northern North American Riparian Ecosystems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Liana K. D. Collette  and
Jason Pither
Liana K. D. Collette
Affiliation:
Biodiversity and Landscape Ecology Research Facility and The Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, ASC367-3187 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
Jason Pither*
Affiliation:
Biodiversity and Landscape Ecology Research Facility and The Okanagan Institute for Biodiversity, Resilience, and Ecosystem Services, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, ASC367-3187 University Way, Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]
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Abstract

Russian-olive is a small tree or large multistemmed shrub that was introduced to Canada and the United States from Eurasia in the early 1900s. It was provisioned in large numbers during the last century to prairie farmers as a shelterbelt plant and remains a popular and widely available ornamental. Now invasive within some riparian ecosystems in the western United States, Russian-olive has been declared noxious in the states of Colorado and New Mexico. With traits including high shade tolerance and a symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing bacteria, Russian-olive has the potential to dominate riparian vegetation and thus radically transform riparian ecosystems. Especially alarming is its capacity to influence nutrient dynamics within aquatic food webs. Our objective is to draw attention to Russian-olive as a potential threat to riparian ecosystems within Canada, especially in the southwest, where invasion is becoming commonplace. We review what is known about its biology and about the threats it poses to native organisms and ecosystems, and we summarize management and control efforts that are currently underway. We conclude by proposing a research agenda aimed at clarifying whether and how Russian-olive poses a threat to riparian ecosystems within western Canada.

Keywords

Russian-oliveElaeagnus angustifolia L. ELGANDominanceElaeagnaceaeexotic speciesinvasion biologyriparian ecosystems
Type
Research Article
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 8 , Issue 1 , March 2015 , pp. 1 - 14
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

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