Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rdxmf Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-23T08:48:11.982Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Plant Community Response to Integrated Management of Meadow Hawkweed (Hieracium caespitosum) in the Pacific Northwest

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

John M. Wallace ,
Timothy S. Prather  and
Linda M. Wilson
John M. Wallace*
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Timothy S. Prather
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
Linda M. Wilson
Affiliation:
Department of Plant, Soil, and Entomological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844-2339
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Meadow hawkweed is an invasive, perennial forb of upland forest openings, mountain meadows, permanent pastures, and abandoned farmlands in the Pacific Northwest. The objective of this study was to measure the plant community response, following meadow hawkweed control using selective herbicides and a single application of N–P–K fertilizer, across three levels of meadow hawkweed infestation in cleared forestlands that had been converted to pasture in northern Idaho. Clopyralid was applied to meadow hawkweed rosettes at a rate of 0.59l kg ae ha−1 (0.528 lb ac−1), and fertilizer (23–5–5, 1% Fe, 14% S) was broadcast following herbicide applications at two rates, 44 and 88 kg N ha−1. Foliar cover of meadow hawkweed, Idaho fescue, and other perennial grasses was measured in microplots at three levels of initial meadow hawkweed cover; < 25%, 40 to 60%, and > 75%. Clopyralid treatments resulted in excellent meadow hawkweed control 3 mo after treatment (MAT). Clopyralid alone appeared to shift the competitive balance in favor of perennial grasses, which increased 7, 44, and 65% above pretreatment levels in LOW, MED, and HIGH hawkweed cover plots, respectively, across fertilizer treatments. Meadow hawkweed cover remained < 5% in clopyralid plots at 52 MAT. Fertilizer effects were confined to interactions between Idaho fescue and other perennial grasses.

Keywords

clopyralidIdaho fescue, Festuca idahoensis Elmermeadow hawkweed, Hieracium caespitosum DumortIntegrated weed managementinvasivepasturemeadow
Type
Research
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 3 , Issue 3 , November 2010 , pp. 268 - 275
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Brown, C. S., Anderson, V. J., Claassen, V. P., Stannard, M. E., Wilson, L. M., Atkinson, S. Y., Bromberg, J. E., Grant, T. A., and Munis, M. D. 2008. Restoration ecology and invasive plants in the semiarid west. Invasive Plant Sci. Manag 1:399–413.Google Scholar
Brown, C. S. and Rice, K. J. 2009. Effects of belowground resource use complementarity on invasion of constructed grassland plant communities. Biol. Invasions. doi:10.1007/10530.009.9549.6.Google Scholar
Callihan, R. H., Wilson, L. M., McCaffrey, J. P., and Miller, T. W. 1997. Hawkweeds. Pullman, WA Pacific Northwest Extension Publication 499. 4 p.Google Scholar
Cooper, S. V., Neiman, K. E., and Roberts, D. W. 1991. Forest Habitat Types of Northern Idaho: A Second Approximation. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Intermountain Research Station GTR-INT-236. 143 p.Google Scholar
Davis, M. A., Grime, J. P., and Thompson, K. 2000. Fluctuating resources in plant communities: a general theory of invasibility. J. Ecol 88:528–534.Google Scholar
Davy, A. J. and Bishop, G. F. 1984. Response of Hieracium pilosella in Breckland grass-heath to inorganic nutrients. J. Ecol 72:319–330.Google Scholar
Dukes, J. S. 2001. Biodiversity and invasibility in grassland microcosms. Oecologia 126:563–568.Google Scholar
Duncan, C. L. 2005. Hawkweeds. Pages 84–90. In Duncan, C. E. and Clark, J. K. eds. Invasive Plants of Range and Wildlands and Their Environmental, Economical and Societal Impacts. Lawrence, KS Weed Science Society of America.Google Scholar
Ehrenfeld, J. 2004. Implications of invasive species for belowground community and nutrient processes. Weed Technol 18:1232–1235.Google Scholar
Gross, K. L., Mittelback, C. G., and Reynolds, H. 2005. Grassland invasibility and diversity: responses to nutrients, seed input, and disturbance. Ecology 86:476–486.Google Scholar
Hart, M. M., Reader, R. J., and Klironomos, J. N. 2003. Plant coexistence mediated by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Trends Ecol. Evol 18:418–423.Google Scholar
Hay, J. R. and Ouellaete, G. J. 1959. The role of fertilizer and 2,4-D in the control of pasture weeds. Can. J. Plant Sci 39:278–283.Google Scholar
Keddy, P., Nielsen, K., Weiher, E., and Lawson, R. 2002. Relative competitive performance of 63 species of terrestrial herbaceous plants. J. Veg. Sci 13:5–16.Google Scholar
Klironomos, J. N. 2003. Variation in plant response to native and exotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Ecology 84:2292–2301.Google Scholar
Mahler, R. L. 1999. Northern Idaho Fertilizer Guide: Grass Pastures. Moscow, ID University of Idaho Extension, Idaho Agricultural Experiment Station Publication CIS 853.Google Scholar
Radford, I. J., Dickinson, K. J., and Lord, J. M. 2007. Functional and performance comparisons of invasive Hieracium lepidulum and co-occurring species in New Zealand. Austral. Ecol 32:338–354.Google Scholar
Radosevich, S. R., Holt, J. S., and Ghersa, C. M. 2007. Ecology of Weeds and Invasive Plants. Hoboken, NJ J. Wiley.Google Scholar
Reader, R. J. 1990. Competition constrained by low nutrient supply: an example involving Hieracium floribundum Wimm. & Grab. (Compositae). Funct. Ecol 4:573–577.Google Scholar
Reader, R. J. and Watt, W. H. 1981. Response of hawkweed (Hieracium floribundum) patches to NPK fertilizer in an abandoned pasture. Can. J. Bot 59:1944–1949.Google Scholar
Schippe, P. and Olf, H. 2000. Biomass partitioning, architecture and turnover of six herbaceous species from habitats with different nutrient supply. Plant Ecol 149:219–231.Google Scholar
Scott, D. J., Robertson, S., and Archie, W. J. 1990. Plant dynamics of New Zealand tussock grasslands infested with Hieracium pilosella: effects of seasonal grazing, fertilizer, and overdrilling. J. Appl. Ecol 27:224–234.Google Scholar
Sirulnik, A. G., Allen, E. B., Meixner, T., and Allen, M. F. 2007. Impacts of anthropogenic N additions on nitrogen mineralization from plant litter in exotic annual grasslands. Soil Biol. Biochem 39:24–32.Google Scholar
Swanton, C. J., Mahoney, K. J., Chandler, K., and Gulden, R. H. 2008. Integrated weed management: knowledge-based weed management systems. Weed Sci 56:168–172.Google Scholar
Vasquez, E., Sheley, R., and Svejcar, T. 2008. Creating invasion resistant soils via nitrogen management. Invasive Plant Sci. Manag 1:304–314.Google Scholar
Walker, S., Wilson, J. B., and Lee, W. G. 2005. Does fluctuating resource availability increase invasibility—evidence from field experiments in New Zealand short tussock grassland. Biol. Invasions 7:195–211.Google Scholar
Wilson, L. M. and Callihan, R. H. 1999. Meadow and orange hawkweed:. Pages 238–248. In Sheely, R. L. and Petroff, J. eds. Biology and Management of Noxious Rangeland Weeds. Corvallis, OR Oregon State University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, L. M., Fehrer, J., Brautigam, S., and Grosskopf, G. 2006. A new invasive hawkweed, Hieracium glomeratum (Lactuceae, Asteraceae) in the Pacific Northwest. Can. J. Bot 84:133–142.Google Scholar
Wilson, L. M., McCaffrey, J. P., Quimby, P. C., and Birdsall, J. L. 1997. Hawkweeds in the northwestern United States. Rangelands 19:18–23.Google Scholar