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Legacy effects of invasive grass impact soil microbes and native shrub growth

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 May 2019

Brooke Pickett Open the ORCID record for Brooke Pickett [Opens in a new window] ,
Irina C. Irvine ,
Eric Bullock ,
Keshav Arogyaswamy  and
Emma Aronson
Brooke Pickett*
Affiliation:
Graduate Student Researcher, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
Irina C. Irvine
Affiliation:
Restoration Ecologist, National Park Service, Pacific West Regional Office, San Francisco, CA, USA
Eric Bullock
Affiliation:
Graduate Student Researcher, Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
Keshav Arogyaswamy
Affiliation:
Graduate Student Researcher, Department of Genetics, Genomics, and Bioinformatics, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
Emma Aronson
Affiliation:
Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
*
*Author for correspondence: Brooke Pickett, Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Organismal Biology, 3409 Boyce Hall, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA 93065. (Email: [email protected])
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Abstract

In California, invasive grasses have displaced native plants, transforming much of the endemic coastal sage scrub (CSS) to nonnative grasslands. This has occurred for several reasons, including increased competitive ability of invasive grasses and long-term alterations to the soil environment, called legacy effects. Despite the magnitude of this problem, however, it is not well understood how these legacy effects have altered the soil microbial community and, indirectly, native plant restoration. We assessed the microbial composition of soils collected from an uninvaded CSS community (uninvaded soil) and a nearby 10-ha site from which the invasive grass Harding grass (Phalaris aquatica L.) was removed after 11 yr of growth (postinvasive soil). We also measured the survival rate, biomass, and length of three CSS species and P. aquatica grown in both soil types (uninvaded and postinvasive). Our findings indicate that P. aquatica may create microbial legacy effects in the soil that likely cause soil conditions inhibitory to the survival rate, biomass, and length of coastal sagebrush, but not the other two native plant species. Specifically, coastal sagebrush growth was lower in the postinvasive soil, which had more Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Agrobacterium, Bradyrhizobium, Rhizobium (R. leguminosarum), Candidatus koribacter, Candidatus solibacter, and rhizophilic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and fewer Planctomycetes, Acidobacteria, Nitrospira, and Rubrobacter compared with the uninvaded soil. Shifts in soil microbial community composition such as these can have important implications for restoration strategies in postinvasive sites.

Keywords

Edith Allen, University of California, RiversideCoastal sage scrubinvasive speciesHarding grassrestorationsoil microbial community
Type
Research Article
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 12 , Issue 1 , March 2019 , pp. 22 - 35
Copyright
© Weed Science Society of America, 2019 

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