Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-g7gxr Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-19T15:15:05.918Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Integrated Strategies for Management of Perennial Weeds

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Timothy W. Miller*
Affiliation:
Washington State University, Mount Vernon, WA 98273
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Multiple weed control strategies employed in combination can often aid the successful management of perennial weed species. This review article provides examples of integrated control programs that could aid in the management of several invasive perennial weed species that are problematic in the Pacific Northwest and elsewhere in North America. The development of an integrated management control program for wild chervil, a relatively recent invader to the Pacific Northwest of the United States and adjacent Canada, provides an example for this process. Through use of mechanical (mowing and tillage), cultural (establishment of competitive vegetation), and chemical (specific herbicides) strategies, control of this short-lived perennial species was greatly improved as compared to foliar herbicide applications alone. Such integrated strategies have been shown to enhance control of many perennial weed species, while potentially reducing the amount of herbicide applied, lessening the possibility of injury to adjacent desirable vegetation and increasing the stability of the ecological community at the site.

Type
Symposium
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Ainsworth, N (2003) Integration of herbicides with arthropod biocontrol agents for weed control. Biocontrol Sci Technol 13: 547570 Google Scholar
Altland, J, Ream, J (2010) Control of butterfly bush with postemergence herbicides. J Environ Hortic 28: 4852 Google Scholar
Amor, RL, Harris, RV (1977) Control of Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. by herbicides and mowing. Weed Res 17: 303309 Google Scholar
Anderson, WP (1996) Weed Science: Principles and Applications. 3rd edn. Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press. 388 pGoogle Scholar
Ang, BN, Kok, LT, Holtzman, GI, Wolf, DD (1994) Competitive growth of Canada thistle, tall fescue, and crownvetch in the presence of a thistle defoliator, Cassida rubiginosa Muller (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Biol Control 4: 277284 Google Scholar
Beck, KG, Rittenhouse, LR (1999) Leafy spurge management with sheep and flea beetles. Pages 1618 in Lym, RG, ed. Proceedings of the Leafy Spurge Symposium. Fargo, ND: North Dakota State University [Abstract]Google Scholar
Beck, KG, Rittenhouse, LR (2000) Leafy spurge management with sheep and flea beetles. Proc West Soc Weed Sci 53: 4849 Google Scholar
Beck, KG, Sebastian, JR (2000) Combining mowing and fall-applied herbicides to control Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Weed Technol 14: 351356 Google Scholar
Benz, LJ, Beck, KG, Whitson, TD, Koch, DW (1999) Reclaiming Russian knapweed infested rangeland. J Range Manag 52: 351356 Google Scholar
Blumenthal, DM, Jordan, NR, Russelle, MP (2003) Soil carbon addition controls weeds and facilitates prairie restoration. Ecol Appl 13: 605615 Google Scholar
Bottoms, RM, Whitson, TD (1998) A systems approach for the management of Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens). Weed Technol 12: 363366 Google Scholar
Bowker, D, Stringer, J (2011) Efficacy of herbicide treatments for controlling residual sprouting of tree-of-heaven. Pages 128133 in Proceedings of the 17th Central Hardwood Forest Conference, April 5–7, 2010, Lexington, KY: US Forest Service Google Scholar
[BCMFLNRO] British Columbia Ministry of Forests, Lands, and Natural Resource Operations (2016) Invasive Plant Program. https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/hra/plants/. Accessed January 8, 2016Google Scholar
Brock, JH (2011) Saltcedar and Russian-olive control with DPX MAT28 and other herbicides in Arizona. Proc West Soc Weed Sci 64: 68 [Abstract]Google Scholar
Brown, ML, Duncan, CA, Halstvedt, MB, Christianson, K (1999) Spotted knapweed management with integrated methods. Proc West Soc Weed Sci 52: 6870 Google Scholar
Christianson, K, Lym, RG, Messersmith, CG (1994) Herbicides and grass competition for leafy spurge control. Page 8 in Proceedings of the Great Plains Agricultural Council Leafy Spurge Symposium, Bozeman, MT: Great Plains Agricultural Council, Montana Noxious Weed Trust Fund, USDA-ARS [Abstract]Google Scholar
Cipriotti, PA, Rauber, RB, Collantes, MB, Braun, K, Escartin, C (2011) Control measures for a recent invasion of Hieracium pilosella in southern Patagonian rangelands. Weed Res 52: 98105 Google Scholar
Davenport, R (2006) Control of knotweed and other invasive species and experiences restoring native species in the Pacific Northwest US. Native Plants J 7: 2026 Google Scholar
Delanoy, L, Archibold, OW (2007) Efficacy of control measures for European buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica L.) in Saskatchewan. Environ Manag 40: 709718 Google Scholar
Derr, JF (2008) Common reed (Phragmites australis) response to mowing and herbicide application. Invasive Plant Sci Manag 1: 1216 Google Scholar
Derscheid, LA, Nash, RL, Wicks, GA (1961) Thistle control with cultivation, cropping and chemicals. Weeds 9: 90102 Google Scholar
DiTomaso, JM (2000) Invasive weeds in rangelands: species, impacts, and management. Weed Sci 48: 255265 Google Scholar
DiTomaso, JM, Kyser, GB (2007) Control of Ailanthus altissima using stem herbicide application techniques. Arboric Urban For 33: 5563 Google Scholar
Ferrell, MA, Whitson, TD, Koch, D, Bottoms, R,and Gale, AE (1995) Integrated control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) and Russian knapweed (Centaurea repens) with perennial grass species. Proc Brighton Crop Prot Conf 1995: Weeds 3: 931936 Google Scholar
Ferrell, MA, Whitson, TD, Koch, DW, Gade, AE (1992) Integrated control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) with ‘Bozoisky’ Russian wildrye (Psathyrostachys juncea) and ‘Luna’ pubescent wheatgrass (Agropyron intermedium var. trichophorum). Pages 1518 in Proceedings of the Great Plains Agricultural Council Leafy Spurge Symposium. Lincoln, NE: USDA-ARS, University of Nebraska, DowElanco, Nebraska Leafy Spurge Working Task Force Google Scholar
Getts, TJ, Westra, P (2014) Cut stump Russian-olive (Elaeagnus angustifolia) control in the northern front range of Colorado. Proc West Soc Weed Sci 67:42 [Abstract]Google Scholar
Grekul, CW, Bork, EW (2007) Fertilization augments Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop) control. Crop Prot 26: 668676 Google Scholar
Hansen, R (1993) Effects of Aphthona flea beetles and sheep grazing in leafy spurge stands. Pages 4748 in Proceedings of the Leafy Spurge Symposium. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO: Great Plains Agricultural Council, Leafy Spurge Task Force [Abstract]Google Scholar
Hay, JR, Ouellette, GJ (1959) The role of fertilizer and 2,4-D in the control of pasture weeds. Can J Plant Sci 39: 278283 Google Scholar
Hubbard, WA (1975) Increased range forage production by reseeding and the chemical control of knapweed. J Range Manag 28: 406407 Google Scholar
Hunter, JH (1995) Effect of bud vs. rosette growth stage on translocation of 14C-glyphosate in Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense). Weed Sci 43: 347351.Google Scholar
Hunter, JH (1996) Control of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) with glyphosate applied at the bud vs. rosette stage. Weed Sci 44: 934938 Google Scholar
Jacobs, JS, Sheley, RL (1999) Spotted knapweed, forb, and grass response to 2,4-D and N-fertilizer. J Range Manag 52: 482488 Google Scholar
Joshi, A (2008) Integrating flea beetles (Aphthona spp.) with herbicide and grasses for leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) management. Weed Technol 22: 523529 Google Scholar
Lym, RG (2005) Integration of biological control agents with other weed management technologies: successes from the leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) IPM program. Biol Control 35: 366375 Google Scholar
Lym, RG (2010) Control of invasive and troublesome weeds with aminocyclopyrachlor in North Dakota. Proc West Soc Weed Sci 63: 4142 [Abstract]Google Scholar
Lym, RG, Carlson, RB (1994) Effect of herbicide treatment on leafy spurge gall midge Spurgia esulae population. Weed Technol 8: 285288 Google Scholar
Lym, RG, Messersmith, CG (1985) Mowing as a pretreatment for leafy spurge control with herbicides. Pages 130131 in Proceedings of the Leafy Spurge Symposium, Bozeman, MT. Research Reports: North Dakota. Bozeman, MT: Great Plains Agricultural Council [Abstract]Google Scholar
Lym, RG, Nelson, JA (2002) Integration of Aphthona spp. flea beetles and herbicides for leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) control. Weed Sci 50: 812819 Google Scholar
Lym, RG, Sedivec, KK, Kirby, DR (1997) Leafy spurge control with angora goats and herbicides. J Range Manag 50: 123128 Google Scholar
MacDonald, NW, Martin, LM, Kapolka, CK, Botting, TF, Brown, TE (2013) Hand pulling following mowing and herbicide treatments increases control of spotted knapweed (Centaurea stoebe). Invasive Plant Sci Manag 6: 470479 Google Scholar
Marshall, MW, Green, JD, Ditsch, DC, Turner, JW (2006) Tall ironweed (Vernonia altissima Nutt.) control in pastures with fall-applied herbicides. Weed Technol 20: 5257 Google Scholar
Masters, RA, Nissen, SJ (1998) Revegetating leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula) -infested rangeland with native tallgrasses. Weed Technol 12: 381390 Google Scholar
Messersmith, CG, Adkins, SW (1995) Integrating weed-feeding insects and herbicides for weed control. Weed Technol 9: 199208 Google Scholar
Miller, T (2004) Susceptibility of knotweeds (Polygonum spp.) to various herbicides. Page 147 in Proceedings of the Society of Wetland Scientists, Seattle, WA. Madison, WI: Society of Wetland Scientists [Abstract]Google Scholar
Miller, TW (2007) Current status of herbicides for controlling invasive knotweeds in the United States. Page 6 in Proceedings of the Knotweed Symposium. Portland, OR: Western Society of Weed Science [Abstract]Google Scholar
Miller, TW, D'Auria, DE (2011) Effects of herbicide, tillage, and grass seeding on wild chervil (Anthriscus sylvestris). Invasive Plant Sci Manag 4: 326331 Google Scholar
Miller, TW, Lucero, C (2014) Meadow knapweed (Centaurea debeauxii) response to herbicides and mechanical control. Invasive Plant Sci Manag 7: 503510 Google Scholar
Mislevy, P, Mullahey, JJ, Martin, FG (1997) Response of tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) to triclopyr. Soil Crop Sci Soc Fla Proc 56: 1113 [Abstract]Google Scholar
Mislevy, P, Mullahey, J, Martin, FG (1999) Preherbicide mowing and herbicide rate on tropical soda apple (Solanum viarum) control. Weed Technol 13: 172175 Google Scholar
Monteiro, A, Moreira, I, Sousa, E (1999) Effect of prior common reed (Phragmites australis) cutting on herbicide efficacy. Hydrobiologia 415: 305308 Google Scholar
Nielsen, P, Wilson, RG (2009) Cut stump herbicide applications on Russian olive. Pages 26–27 in Proc West Soc Weed Sci 62: 2627 [Abstract]Google Scholar
Peters, EJ, Stritzke, JF (1969) Response of ironweed and buckbrush to herbicides and to herbicides in combination with mowing, nitrogen fertilizer, and surfactants. USDA–ARS Technical Bulletin 1400. Washington, DC: US Department of Agriculture. 15 pGoogle Scholar
Piper, GL (2004) Integrated weed management at biological control. Pages 114121 in Coombs, EM, Clark, JK, Piper, GL, Cofrancesco, AF Jr, eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University Press Google Scholar
Prather, TS, Miller, TW, Robbins, SR (2009) Knotweed shrubs: identification, biology, and management. Published jointly by: Pullman, WA: Washington State University, Corvallis, OR: Oregon State University, and Moscow, ID: The University of Idaho. PNW 610. 8 pGoogle Scholar
Reese, NE, Fay, PK (1989) Survival of leafy spurge hawkmoth (Hyles euphorbiae) when larvae are exposed to 2,4-D or picloram. Weed Technol 3: 429431 Google Scholar
Reece, PE, Wilson, RG (1983) Effect of Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) and musk thistle (Carduus nutans) control on grass herbage. Weed Sci 31: 488492 Google Scholar
Reichard, S (2007) Meeting the challenge: invasive plants in Pacific Northwest ecosystems. Pages 39 in Harrington, TB, Reichard, SH, eds. Meeting the Challenge: Invasive Plants in the Pacific Northwest Ecosystems. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, PNW Research Station Google Scholar
Renz, MJ, DiTomaso, JM (1998) The effectiveness of mowing and herbicides to control perennial pepperweed in rangeland and roadside habitats. Proc Calif Weed Sci Soc 50: 178 [Abstract]Google Scholar
Renz, MJ, DiTomaso, JM (2006) Early season mowing improves the effectiveness of chlorsulfuron and glyphosate for control of perennial pepperweed (Lepidium latifolium). Weed Technol 20: 3236 Google Scholar
Rinella, MJ, Jacobs, JS, Sheley, RL, Borkowski, JJ (2001) Spotted knapweed response to season and frequency of mowing. J Range Manag 54: 5256 Google Scholar
Samuel, LW (2003) Effects of Multi-Species Grazing and Biocontrol on Leafy Spurge-Infested Rangeland Using Rotational Grazing. MS thesis. Fargo, ND: North Dakota State University. 114 pGoogle Scholar
Samuel, LW, Sedivec, KK, Dahl, JD, Jonson, LL, Faller, TC (2004) Effects of multi-species grazing and biocontrol on leafy spurge-infested rangeland using rotational grazing. Page 326 in Proceedings of the Society for Range Management. Littleton, CO: Society for Range Management [Abstract]Google Scholar
Sciegienka, JK, Elai, NK, Menalled, FD (2011) Interactions between two biological control agents and an herbicide for Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) suppression. Invasive Plant Sci Manag 4: 151158 Google Scholar
Sheley, RL, Callihan, RH, Huston, CH (1984) Improvement of spotted knapweed-infested pasture with picloram and fertilizer. Pages 2122 in Montana State University Cooperative Extension Bulletin 1315. Bozeman, MT: Montana State University Google Scholar
Sheley, RL, Jacobs, JS (1997) Response of spotted knapweed and grass to picloram and fertilizer combinations. J Range Manag 50: 263267 Google Scholar
Sheley, RL, Jacobs, JS, Martin, JM (2004) Integrating 2,4-D and sheep grazing to rehabilitate spotted knapweed infestations. J Range Manag 57: 371375 Google Scholar
Sheley, RL, Roche, BF Jr (1982) Rehabilitation of spotted knapweed infested rangeland in northeastern Washington. Proc West Soc Weed Sci 35:31 [Abstract]Google Scholar
Stanley, AG, Kaye, TN, Dunwiddie, PW (2008) Regional Strategies for Restoring Invaded Prairies. Final Technical Report. Corvallis, OR: Institute for Applied Ecology and Seattle, WA: The Nature Conservancy. 34 pGoogle Scholar
Stoker, K, Ransom, CV, Edvarchuk, K (2011) Inventory of invasive plants in Dinosaur National Monument to assess effectiveness of weed management efforts. Proc West Soc Weed Sci 64:15 [Abstract]Google Scholar
Thrasher, FP, Cooper, CS, Hodgson, JM (1963) Competition of forage species with Canada thistle as affected by irrigation and nitrogen levels. Weeds 11: 136138 Google Scholar
Tolson, JA, Green, JD, Witt, WW, Schwab, GJ, Omielan, JA (2012) Integrated management strategies reduced tall ironweed (Vernonia altissima) populations and weed biomass and improved tall fescue pasture productivity. Weed Sci 60: 106112 Google Scholar
[USDA–FS] U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service (2005) Pacific Northwest Region Invasive Plant Program: Preventing and Managing Invasive Plants Record of Decision. Portland, OR: USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region 6. 64 pGoogle Scholar
[USDA–BLM] U.S. Department of Interior Bureau of Land Management (2016) Scale of Weed Invasions on Public Lands. http://www.blm.gov/wo/st/en/prog/more/weeds/scale_of_problem.html. Accessed January 8, 2016Google Scholar
Vasquez, E, Sheley, R, Svejcar, T (2008) Creating invasion resistant soils via nitrogen management. Invasive Plant Sci Manag 1: 304314 Google Scholar
Ward, JS, Williams, SC, Worthley, TE (2009) Controlling Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii DC) in southern New England, USA. Forest Ecol Manag 257: 561566 Google Scholar
Ward, JS, Worthley, TE, Williams, SC (2010) Effectiveness of two-stage control strategies for Japanese barberry (Berberis thunbergii) varies by initial clump size. Invasive Plant Sci Manag 1: 6069 Google Scholar
Whitson, TD, Buk, JP, Koch, DW, Swearingen, RJ (1993) A comparison of four perennial grasses established in spring on their ability to establish in stands of Russian knapweed. Pages I42I47 in Research Progress Report. Tucson, AZ: Western Society of Weed Science Google Scholar
Whitson, TD, Koch, DW, Gade, AE, Ferrell, ME (1989) The control of leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.) by the integration of herbicides and perennial grasses. Pages 4247 in University of Wyoming Rangeland Research and Extension Demonstrations. Laramie, WY: Cooperative Extension Service, Agricultural Experiment Station, College of Agriculture Google Scholar
Williams, MM II, Walsh, DB, Boydston, RA (2004) Integrating arthropod herbivory and reduced herbicide use for weed management. Weed Sci 52: 10181025 Google Scholar
Wilson, RG, Kachman, SD (1999) Effect of perennial grasses on Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) control. Weed Technol 13: 8387 Google Scholar