Hostname: page-component-78c5997874-m6dg7 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-05T11:55:21.319Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false
  • English
  • Français

Managing Spotted Knapweed (Centaurea stoebe)–Infested Rangeland after Wildfire

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Monica L. Pokorny ,
Jane M. Mangold ,
James Hafer  and
M. Kirk Denny
Monica L. Pokorny*
Affiliation:
Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes, Pablo, MT 59855
Jane M. Mangold
Affiliation:
Department of Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717
James Hafer
Affiliation:
Chief Dull Knife College, Lame Deer, MT 59043
M. Kirk Denny
Affiliation:
Northern Cheyenne Extension Service, Lame Deer, MT 59043
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]
Get access Rights & Permissions [Opens in a new window]

Abstract

Invasive plants need to be managed after wildfire to suppress the invasive plant and to maintain or restore a desired plant community. Our study tested treatments that influence species availability and performance following a disturbance (wildfire). The overall objective was to determine the ability of herbicide and revegetation treatments to restore spotted knapweed–infested areas to desired plant communities after wildfire. The study consisted of a factorial combination of three herbicide application treatments (broadcast application, spot application, and no herbicide) and three seed mixture treatments (grass-only seed mix, a grass and forb seed mix, no seeding). Picloram was used for the herbicide. Both the broadcast and spot picloram application methods decreased spotted knapweed cover and density up to 80% while increasing desired grass cover and density up to 20% compared with the control. However, broadcast spraying picloram decreased species richness from 5.7 to 3.6 species 0.1 m−2 and decreased desired forb density and cover compared with spot-applied picloram treatment. Spot spraying resulted in an increase in other undesired forbs compared with broadcast spraying. Seeding with desired species had no effect on spotted knapweed cover or density. Spot spraying may help maintain desired species richness while managing spotted knapweed.

Keywords

Picloramspotted knapweed, Centaurea stoebe L. CEST8Burninvasive speciesrevegetationspot-applied herbicide
Type
Case Studies
Information
Invasive Plant Science and Management , Volume 3 , Issue 2 , August 2010 , pp. 182 - 189
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Crawford, J. A., Wahren, C. H. A., Kyle, S., and Moir, W. H. 2001. Responses of exotic plant species to fires in Pinus ponderosa forests in northern Arizona. J. Veg. Sci 12:261–268.Google Scholar
DeBano, L. F. and Conrad, C. E. 1978. The effect of fire on nutrients in a chaparral ecosystem. Ecology 59:489–497.Google Scholar
DiTomaso, J. M. 2000. Invasive weeds in rangelands: species, impacts, and management. Weed Sci 48:255–265.Google Scholar
Fuhlendorf, S. D., Engle, D. M., Arnold, D. C., and Bidwell, T. G. 2002. Influence of herbicide application on forb and arthropod communities of North American tallgrass prairies. Agric. Ecosyst. Environ 92:251–259.Google Scholar
Hulbert, L. C. 1988. Causes of fire effects in tallgrass prairie. Ecology 69:46–58.Google Scholar
Jacobs, J. S., Carpinelli, M. F., and Sheley, R. L. 1999. Revegetating noxious weed-infested rangeland. Pages 133–141. in Sheley, R. L. and Petroff, J. K. eds. Biology and Management of Noxious Rangeland Weeds. Corvallis, OR Oregon State University Press. 438.Google Scholar
Jacobs, J. S. and Sheley, R. L. 2003. Prescribed fire effects on dalmatian toadflax. J. Range Manag 56:193–197.Google Scholar
Johnson, M., Rew, L. J., Maxwell, B. D., and Sutherland, S. 2006. The Role of Wildfire in the Establishment and Range Expansion of Non-Native Plant Species into Natural Areas: A Review of Current Literature—Report for the Center for Invasive Plant Management. Bozeman, MT Montana State University. 81.Google Scholar
Krueger-Mangold, J. M., Sheley, R. L., and Roos, B. D. 2002. Maintaining plant community diversity in a waterfowl production area by controlling Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense) using glyphosate. Weed Technol 16:457–463.Google Scholar
Krueger-Mangold, J. M., Sheley, R. L., and Svejcar, T. J. 2006. Toward ecologically based invasive plant management on rangeland. Weed Sci 54:597–605.Google Scholar
Mangold, J. M., Poulsen, C. L., and Carpinelli, M. F. 2007. Revegetating Russian knapweed (Acroptilon repens) infestations using morphologically diverse species and seedbed preparation. Range. Ecol. Manag 60:378–385.Google Scholar
McArthur, T. O. 2004. Emergency Fire Rehabilitation of BLM Lands in the Great Basin: Revegetation and Monitoring. M.S. thesis. Corvallis, OR Oregon State University. 63.Google Scholar
[NRCS] Natural Resources Conservation Service 1996. Soil survey of Rosebud County area, Montana. Washington, DC U.S. Department of Agriculture–Natural Resources Conservation Service, U.S. Department of Interior Bureau of Indian Affairs, and Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. 442.Google Scholar
Pfister, R. D., Kovalchik, B. L., Arno, S. F., and Presby, R. C. 1977. Forest Habitat Types of Montana. Ogden, UT Intermountain Forest and Range Experimental Station. 174.Google Scholar
Pickett, S. T. A., Collins, S. L., and Armesto, J. J. 1987. Models, mechanisms and pathways of succession. Bot. Rev 53:335–371.Google Scholar
Pokorny, M. L., Sheley, R. L., Zabinski, C. A., Engel, R. E., Svejcar, T. J., and Borkowski, J. J. 2005. Plant functional groups as a mechanism for invasion resistance. Restor. Ecol 13:448–459.Google Scholar
Pyke, D. A. and Archer, S. 1991. Plant–plant interactions affecting establishment and persistence on revegetated rangeland. J Range Manag 44:550–557.Google Scholar
Ramsey, F. L. and Schafer, D. W. 2002. The statistical sleuth, a course in methods of data analysis. 2nd ed. Belmont, CA Duxbury. 768.Google Scholar
Rice, P. M. 2004. Fire as a Tool for Controlling Nonnative Invasive Plants: A Review of Current Literature—Report for the Center for Invasive Plant Management. Bozeman, MT Montana State University. 51.Google Scholar
Rice, P. M., Toney, C. J., Bedunah, D. J., and Carlson, C. E. 1997. Plant community diversity and growth form responses to herbicide applications for control of Centaurea maculosa . J. Appl. Ecol 34:1397–1412.Google Scholar
Richards, R. T., Chambers, J. C., and Ross, C. 1998. Use of native plants on federal lands: policy and practice. J Range Manag 51:625–632.Google Scholar
Rinella, M. J., Maxwell, B. D., Fay, P. K., Weaver, T., and Sheley, R. L. 2009. Control effort exacerbates invasive-species problem. Ecol. Appl 19:155–162.Google Scholar
Rinella, M. J., Pokorny, M. L., and Rekaya, R. 2007. Grassland invader responses to realistic changes in native species richness. Ecol. Appl 17:1824–1831.Google Scholar
Sheley, R. L. and Carpinelli, M. F. 2005. Creating weed-resistant plant communities using niche-differentiated nonnative species. Range. Ecol. Manag 58:480–488.Google Scholar
Sheley, R. L. and Denny, M. K. 2006. Community response of nontarget species to herbicide application and removal of the nonindigenous invader Potentilla recta L. West. N. Am. Nat 66:55–63.Google Scholar
Sheley, R. L., Duncan, C. A., Halstvedt, M. B., and Jacobs, J. S. 2000. Spotted knapweed and grass response to herbicide treatments. J Range Manag 53:176–182.Google Scholar
Sheley, R. L. and Half, M. L. 2006. Enhancing native forb establishment and persistence using a rich seed mixture. Restor. Ecol 14:627–635.Google Scholar
Sheley, R. L. and Jacobs, J. S. 1997. Response of spotted knapweed and grass to picloram and fertilizer combinations. J Range Manag 50:263–267.Google Scholar
Sheley, R. L., Jacobs, J. S., and Lucus, D. E. 2001. Revegetating spotted knapweed infested rangeland in a single entry. J Range Manag 54:144–151.Google Scholar
Sheley, R. L., Jacobs, J. J., and Svejcar, T. J. 2005. Integrating disturbance and colonization during rehabilitation of invasive weed-dominated rangeland. Weed Sci 53:307–314.Google Scholar
Sheley, R. L., Mangold, J. M., and Anderson, J. L. 2006. Potential for successional theory to guide restoration of invasive-plant-dominated rangeland. Ecol. Monogr 76:365–379.Google Scholar
Sheley, R. L., Whitson, T. D., Carrithers, V., Jacobs, J. S., and Gahrett, J. 2002. Grass response to picloram and clopyralid applied before seeding. Weed Technol 16:645–650.Google Scholar
Story, J. M., Callan, N. W., Corn, J. G., and White, L. J. 2006. Decline of spotted knapweed density at two sites in western Montana with large populations of the introduced root weevil, Cyphocleonus achates (Fahraeus). Biol. Control 38:227–232.Google Scholar
Tilman, D. 1997. Community invasibility, recruitment limitation, and grassland biodiversity. Ecology 78:81–92.Google Scholar
Tilman, D., Knops, J., Wedin, D., Reich, P., Ritchie, M., and Siemann, E. 1997. The influence of functional diversity and composition on ecosystem process. Science 277:1300–1305.Google Scholar
Toly, A., Wroe, B., and Adams, B. W. 1992. Improving fescue native range. Rangelands 14:63–66.Google Scholar
[USFS] U.S. Forest Service 2008. Vegetation ecology. Chapter 2070 in. Forest Service Manual. http://www.amseed.com/pdfs/FSM-VegEcology.pdf. Accessed: March 15, 2008.Google Scholar
Whelan, R. J. 1995. The Ecology of Fire. Cambridge, U.K. Cambridge University Press. 346.Google Scholar
Whitson, T. D., Stougaard, R., and Dewey, S. A. 2000. Weed management handbook. Bozeman, MT Montana State University, Montana, Utah, and Wyoming Cooperative Extension Services. 291.Google Scholar