Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T06:06:44.001Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Impact of Clipping Timing on Japanese Hedgeparsley (Torilis japonica) Seed Production and Viability

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 January 2017

Mark J. Renz*
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706
R. Menyon Heflin
Affiliation:
Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin Madison, Madison, WI 53706
*
Corresponding author's E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Japanese hedgeparsley is a biennial plant that invades roadsides, rights-of way, and forested areas in the midwestern United States. Interest in managing populations by mechanical or hand-clipping techniques exists, but no information is available on the appropriate timing to maximize mortality and prevent the production of viable seed. To assess that, we applied clipping treatments at five periods throughout the summer to three Japanese hedgeparsley populations in southern Wisconsin and measured the number and viability of seeds produced by each plant during the year of treatment and the survival of plants clipped. Japanese hedgeparsley plants began producing seed by mid-July, but production was not maximized until early August. Viable seeds were not produced until early or mid-August, coinciding with the presence of ripened brown fruit. Clipping at any timing resulted in > 95% mortality by the fall of the treatment year. All plants that resprouted were in the vegetative stage when clipped, and no plants survived the following year. Results indicate that clipping Japanese hedgeparsley plants when they are in a reproductive phase before fruit turns brown is an effective management strategy for this invasive plant.

Type
Research Article
Copyright
Copyright © Weed Science Society of America 

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Literature Cited

Agnew, ADQ, Flux, JEC (1970) Plant dispersal by hares (Lepus Capensis L.) in Kenya. Ecology 51:735737.10.2307/1934057Google Scholar
Aldo Leopold Foundation (2012) Japanese Hedge-Parsley Report. http://www.aldoleopold.org/images/enewsletter/JapaneseHedgeParsleyReport2011.pdf. Accessed January 14, 2013Google Scholar
Association of Official Seed Analysts (2010) Tetrazolium testing handbook. Ithaca, NY AOSA Google Scholar
Benefield, CB, DiTomaso, JM, Kyser, GB, Orloff, SB, Churches, KR, Marcum, DB, Nader, GB (1999) Control of yellow starthistle with mowing: effects of timing, repeated cuttings, and growth form. Calif Agric 5:1721.Google Scholar
Benefield, CB, DiTomaso, JM, Kyser, GB, Tschohl, A (2001) Reproductive biology of yellow starthistle: maximizing late-season control. Weed Sci 49:8390.Google Scholar
Benzel, KR, Mosley, TK, Mosley, JC (2009) Defoliation timing effects on spotted knapweed seed production and viability. Rangeland Ecol Manage 62:550556.10.2111/08-191.1Google Scholar
Brock, TD, Brock, KM (2006) Oak savanna restoration: a case study. Pages 178183 in Proceedings of the 19th North American Prairie conference. Madison University of Wisconsin–Madison Google Scholar
DiTomaso, JM (2000) Invasive weeds in rangelands: Species, impacts, and management. Weed Sci 48:255265.Google Scholar
Frost, RA, Mosley, JC (2012) Sulfur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta) response to defoliation on foothill rangeland. Invasive Plant Sci Manage 5:408416.Google Scholar
GLEDN (2013) Great Lakes Early Detection Network, Madison, WI. http://www.gledn.org. Accessed January 17, 2013Google Scholar
Harrison, PJ, Dale, HM (1966) The effect of grazing and clipping on the control of wild carrot. Weeds 14:285288.Google Scholar
Kirby, DR, Hanson, TP, Krabbenhoft, KD, Kirby, MM (1997) Effects of simulated defoliation on leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula)-infested rangeland. Weed Technol 11:586590.Google Scholar
Masuda, M, Washitani, I (1990) A comparative ecology of the seasonal schedules for reproduction by seeds in a moist tall grassland community. Funct Ecol 4:169182.Google Scholar
McCarty, MK, Hatting, JL (1975) Effects of herbicides or mowing on mush thistle seed production. Weed Res 15:363367.Google Scholar
MIPN (2012) Midwest Invasive Plant Network. Keep a Lookout for New Invasive Plants in the Midwest. http://www.mipn.org/MIPN_Terrestrial_Flyer_2012_lowres.pdf. Accessed May 9, 2013Google Scholar
Newton, M (1964) The Influence of Herbaceous Vegetation on Coniferous Seedling Habitat in Old Field Plantations. Ph.D Dissertation. Corvallis, OR Oregon State University 65 pGoogle Scholar
Panke, BJ, Renz, MJ (2012) Management of invasive plants in Wisconsin: hedge-parsleys. Madison, WI University of Wisconsin-Extension A3924-08. Pp. 14 Google Scholar
R Development Core Team (2010) R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria R Foundation for Statistical Computing Google Scholar
Sosnoskie, LM, Cardina, J (2009) Laboratory methods for breaking dormancy in garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) seeds. Invasive Plant Sci Manage 2:185189.Google Scholar
Tenaglia, D (2014) Missouri plants. http://www.missouriplants.com. Accessed March 13, 2014Google Scholar
[USDA] U.S. Department of Agriculture (2013) The PLANTS Database. Greensboro, NC National Plant Data Team, National Resource Conservation Service, Unites States Department of Agriculture, http://plants.usda.gov. Accessed January 14, 2013Google Scholar
West, NE, Farah, KO (1989) Effects of clipping and sheep grazing on Dyers-Woad. J Range Manage 42:510.Google Scholar
West, NM, Gibson, DJ, Minchin, PR (2009) Characterizing the microhabitats of exotic species in Illinois shale barrens. Plant Ecol 200:255265.Google Scholar
Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (2010) Chapter NR 40: Invasive species identification, classification and control. Wis Adm Regist 689:374.1374.10.Google Scholar
Wofford, BE, Dennis, WM (1970) State records and other recent noteworthy collections of Tennessee plants. Castanea 41:119121.Google Scholar
Zhang, R, Heberling, JM, Haner, E, Shea, K (2011) Tolerance of two invasive thistles to repeated disturbance. Ecol Res 26:575581.Google Scholar
Zhengyi, W, Raven, P, Deyuan, H (2005) Flora of China, Volume 14: Apiaceae-Ericaceae. 2005. St. Louis, MO Missouri Botanical Garden Press 581 pGoogle Scholar