Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-g8jcs Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-26T06:55:17.604Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Fit for purpose: the role of modern professionalism in evolving the humanitarian endeavour

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 September 2012

Abstract

The humanitarian enterprise has grown in size and complexity over the past generation. Modern systems of scrutiny and accountability demand a higher level of accountability than ever before, both to programme beneficiaries and to donors. This, we believe, puts pressure on the system to become more professional and on aid workers to consider the establishment of a formal profession of humanitarian aid. This article reports on research carried out to test this hypothesis and on an approach that is presently being used to establish the necessary components of a professional system.

Type
Changing Actors and Evolving Practice
Copyright
Copyright © International Committee of the Red Cross 2012

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

1 Development Initiatives, Global Humanitarian Assistance Report 2011, pp. 4–5, available at: http://www.globalhumanitarianassistance.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/gha-report-2011.pdf (last visited December 2011).

2 Ibid., p. 5.

3 Abby Stoddard, Adele Harmer, and Victoria DiDomenico, Providing Aid in Insecure Environments: 2009 Update. Trends in Violence Against Aid Workers and the Operational Response: Why Violent Attacks on Aid Workers Are on the Increase, Humanitarian Policy Group (HPG) Policy Brief No. 34, Overseas Development Institute (ODI), London, April 2009.

4 For a full description of their methodology, see their previous paper, Stoddard, Abby, Harmer, Adele, and Haver, Katherine, Providing Aid in Insecure Environments: Trends in Policy and Operations, HPG Report No. 23, ODI, London, September 2006, available at: http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/269.pdf (last visited December 2011)Google Scholar.

5 Harvey, Paul, Stoddard, Abby, Harmer, Adele, and Taylor, Glyn, The State of the Humanitarian System: Assessing Performance and Progress, ALNAP, London, 2010, p. 18Google Scholar, available at: http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/5825.pdf (last visited December 2011).

6 See Binder, Andrea, Meier, Claudia, and Steets, Julia, Humanitarian Assistance: Truly Universal? A Mapping Study of Non-Western Donors, Global Public Policy Institute, Research Paper No. 12, BerlinGoogle Scholar, August 2010. See also Harmer, Adele and Cotterrell, Lin, Diversity in Donorship: The Changing Landscape of Official Humanitarian Aid, HPG Research Report No. 20, ODI, LondonGoogle Scholar, September 2005, available at: http://www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/275.pdf (last visited December 2011).

7 See BRAC's website: http://www.brac.net/content/who-we-are, and MercyMalaysia's website: http://www.mercy.org.my/ (last visited December 2011).

8 See, for instance, Webster, Mackinnon, et al. , ‘The humanitarian response costs of climate change’, in Journal of Environmental Hazards, Vol. 8, No. 2, 2009, pp. 149163CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

9 Zhang, David D. et al. , ‘Global climate change, war, and population decline in recent human history’, in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 104, No. 49, 2007, pp. 1921419219CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed.

10 Walker, Peter, Rasmussen, Colin, and Molano, Sebastián, ‘Using disaster response law to promote international aid coordination’, in Disasters Journal, 2012 (forthcoming).Google Scholar

11 Walker, Peter et al. , ‘A blueprint for professionalizing humanitarian assistance: good intentions are not enough’, in Health Affairs, Vol. 29, No. 12, December 2010, pp. 22232230CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

12 Hall, Richard H., ‘Professionalization and bureaucratization’, in American Sociological Review, Vol. 33, No. 1, February 1968, pp. 92104CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

13 Cruess, Richard L., Cruess, Sylvia R., and Johnston, Sharon E., ‘Professionalism: an ideal to be sustained’, in The Lancet, Vol. 356, No. 9224, 2000, pp. 156159CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed.

14 Donald A. Schön, The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action, Basic Books, New York, 1983.

15 The full methodology and results of the survey can be found in the original publication: P. Walker et al. above note 11.

16 Prahalad, Coimbatore Krishnarao and Hamel, Garry, ‘The core competence of the corporation’, in Harvard Business Review, Vol. 68, No. 3, 1990, pp. 7991Google Scholar.

17 See Emergency Nurses Association, ‘Competencies for nurse practitioners in emergency care’, available at: http://nursingworld.org/position/emergencycomp (last visited December 2011).

18 Walker, Peter and Russ, Catherine, Professionalising the Humanitarian Sector: A Scoping Study, ELRHA, LondonGoogle Scholar, April 2010, available at: http://www.elrha.org/uploads/Professionalising_the_humanitarian_sector.pdf (last visited December 2011).

19 See CBHA, ‘CBHA launches core humanitarian competency framework’, 20 August 2010, available at: http://www.thecbha.org/news/2010/08/20/cbha-launches-core-humanitarian-competency-framework/ (last visited December 2011).

20 See CBHA, ‘Humanitarian Capacity Building Programme’, Objective 1 Final Report, 10 August 2010, available at: http://www.thecbha.org/media/website/file/CBHA_Objective_1_Final_report_published.pdf (last visited December 2011).

21 See CBHA, ‘Core humanitarian competencies framework: keeping disaster and conflict affected people at the centre of what we do’, available at: http://www.thecbha.org/media/website/file/CBHA_Competency_Frameworks.pdf (last visited December 2011).

22 See ELRHA, ‘Global survey on humanitarian professionalisation’, available at: http://www.elrha.org/news/elrha/globalsurvey (last visited December 2011).

23 Barnhart, Philip A., The Guide to National Professional Certification Programs, 2nd edition, CRC Press, Amherst, MA, 1997, pp. 67Google Scholar.

24 Wilensky, Harold, ‘The professionalization of everyone’, in American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 70, No. 2, 1964, p. 144CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

25 See Merton, Robert K., Social Research and the Practicing Professions, University Press of America, Lanham, MD, 1982, p. 205Google Scholar.

26 See CBHA, ‘Humanitarian Leadership Development Programme, Newsletter 2’, 15 July 2011, available at: http://www.thecbha.org/news/2011/07/15/humanitarian-leadership-development-programme-horn-africa-newsletter-2/ (last visited December 2011).

27 R. L. Cruess, S. R. Cruess, and S. E. Johnston, above note 13.

28 Merton, Robert, ‘The functions of the professional association’, in American Journal of Nursing, Vol. 58, January 1958, pp. 5054Google ScholarPubMed.

29 Ibid., p. 54.

30 Evetts, Julia, ‘The sociological analysis of professionalism: occupational change in the modern world’, in International Sociology, Vol. 18, No. 2, June 2003, p. 399CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

31 WADEM's mission statement is available at: http://www.wadem.org/mission.html (last visited December 2011).

32 See ‘About HLA’, available at: http://www.humanitarianlogistics.org/about-hla/what-is-hla (last visited December 2011).

33 See ‘Welcome to IHSA’, available at: http://www.ihsa.info/ (last visited December 2011).

34 Program on Humanitarian Policy and Conflict Research, Harvard University, http://www.hpcrresearch.org/ (last visited December 2011).

35 Merriam Webster dictionary online, available at: http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/accreditation (last visited December 2011).

36 See definition on the Council for Higher Education's website: http://www.uv.es/alfa-acro/documentos/documentosinteres/27.htm (last visited December 2011).

37 For an overview of this certification, see http://ngolearning.org/pm4ngos/pages/certification.aspx (last visited December 2011).

38 See ‘About IACET’, available at: http://www.iacet.org/ (last visited December 2011).

39 Stevens, Rosemary, ‘Themes in the history of medical professionalism’, in Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, Vol. 69, No. 6, November 2002, pp. 357362Google ScholarPubMed.

40 Frankel, Mark, ‘Professional codes: why, how, and with what impact?’, in Journal of Business Ethics, Vol. 8, No. 2–3, 1989, pp. 109115CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

41 See the Code of Conduct for the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement and NGOs in Disaster Relief, available at: http://ifrc.org/en/publications-and-reports/code-of-conduct/ (last visited December 2011). For a comment on the origins, usage, and future of the Code, see Walker, Peter, ‘Cracking the Code: the genesis, use and future of the Code of Conduct’, in Disasters, Vol. 29, No. 4, 2005, pp. 323326CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed.

42 Barber, Bernard, ‘Control and responsibility in the powerful professions’, in Political Science Quarterly, Vol. 93, No. 4, 1978–1979, pp. 599615CrossRefGoogle Scholar.

43 See Advertising Standards Authority, ‘How to complain’, available at: http://asa.org.uk/Complaints/How-to-complain.aspx (last visited December 2011).

44 For example, Communicating with Disaster Affected Communities (CDAC) and Infoasaid work in tandem to help humanitarian organizations integrate two-way communications into their emergency programmes, and have gained prominence over the past few years in advocating for this to become a standardized humanitarian practice.

45 The Trainer Competency Framework is available on the RedR UK website at: http://www.redr.org.uk/en/Resource_Document/Resource_Download.cfm/rid/EA2726FF-85F7-4E90-BECD8BEE2DE3CD28 (last visited December 2011).

46 These include BOND, ELRHA, Intrac, Mango, and People in Aid.

47 The European Voluntary Humanitarian Aid Corps is funded by the European Community Humanitarian Office (ECHO) as part of the EU Treaty of Lisbon (2007/C 306/01, 13 December 2007): see http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=MEMO/11/413&format=HTML&aged=0&language=EN&guiLanguage=en (last visited December 2011).