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Developing standards in international forensic work to identify missing persons

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  19 April 2010

Stephen Cordner  and
Helen McKelvie
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Abstract

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Type
Research Article
Information
International Review of the Red Cross , Volume 84 , Issue 848: Missing persons/Personnes disparues , December 2002 , pp. 867 - 884
Copyright
Copyright © International Committee of the Red Cross 2002

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References

1 Kirschner, R. and Hannibal, K., “The application of forensic sciences to human rights investigations”: Medicine Science and Law, Vol. 13, 1994, p. 453.Google Scholar

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4 Ibid., p. 113.

5 Over the last 16 years PHR, based in Boston, has sent more than 75 medical and forensic teams to dozens of countries to carry out forensic investigations, including exhumations and autopsies of deceased victims of alleged torture and extrajudicial executions in Brazil, Israel, Czechoslovakia, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Iraqi Kurdistan, Kuwait, Mexico, Panama, Rwanda, Thailand, the former Yugoslavia and very recently, Afghanistan. <http://phrusa.org/research/forensic/croatia/forvuk3.html>.

6 <http://www.phrusa.org/research/forensics/index/html>.

7 Blewitt, G., “The role of forensic investigations in genocide prosecutions before an international tribunal”, Medical Science Law, Vol. 37, No. 4, 1997, pp. 286–7.Google Scholar

8 <http://www.phrusa.org/research/forensics/index/html>.

9 <http://hrdata.aaas.org/ceh/report/english/recS3.html>.

10 E/CN.4/RES/1993/33 Preamble and para. 3.

11 E/CN.4/RES/1993/31, para. 3.

12 See E/CN.4/1993/2O, 5 February 1993, para. 3 and E/CN.4/1993/20 para. 18.

13 E/CN.4/1998/32, 5 January 1998, 1, D, 3.

14 Blewitt, , op. cit. (note 7), p. 284.Google Scholar

15 Ibid., p. 288.

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19 Blewitt, , op. cit. (note 7), p. 288.Google Scholar

20 Ibid., pp. 277–8.

21 Ibid., p. 288. Emphasis added.

22 A Danish-Swedish team of forensic scientists working for the ICTY have also made this observation. Sprogoe-Jakobsen, et al. op. cit. (note 17), p. 1395.Google Scholar

23 Cordner, S., El Nageh, M., Wells, D., McKelvie, H. and Lineham, B., Ethical Practice in Laboratory Medicine and Forensic PathologyGoogle Scholar, WHO Regional Publication, Eastern Mediterranean Series 20, EMRO, 1999, p. 37.

24 Sprogoe-Jakobsen, et al. op. cit. (note 17), pp. 1392–3.Google Scholar

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27 Ibid., p. 171.

28 Ibid.

29 G. Hutchins, Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists, “Practice guidelines for autopsy pathology: Autopsy performance”, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 118, 1994, pp. 19–25Google Scholar, and “Practice guidelines for autopsy pathology: Autopsy reporting”, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 119, 1995, pp. 123–130Google Scholar; The Royal College of Pathologists, Guidelines on Autopsy Practice, <http://www.rcpath.org>; K. Bove, Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists, “Practice guidelines for autopsy performance: The pre-natal and paediatric autopsy”, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 121, 1997, pp. 368–376Google Scholar; J. Powers, Autopsy Committee of the College of American Pathologists, “Practice guidelines for autopsy pathology: Autopsy procedures for brain, spinal cord and neuromuscular systems”, Archives of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vol. 119, 1995, pp. 777–783.Google Scholar

30 Available from the Interpol website <http://www.interpol.int>.

31 These include World Medical Association; Indo Pacific Association of Law Medicine and Science (INPALMS); World Association of Societies of Pathology; Physicians for Human Rights; European Network of Forensic Science Institutes; American Society of Crime Laboratory Directors (this organization accredits many laboratories outside the US); European Academy of Forensic Sciences; and International Academy of Legal Medicine.