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The establishment of a permanent international criminal court: ICRC expectations of the Rome Diplomatic Conference

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  23 November 2010

Toni Pfanner
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Extract

Violations of international humanitarian law are not a new phenomenon. Nor is the establishment of an international criminal court to counter such violations a new idea. The first project creating a link between violations of a humanitarian treaty — that is, the Geneva Convention of 1864 for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded in Armies in the Field — and penal sanction by a permanent international judicial body was drawn up by Gustave Moynier, one of the founders of the ICRC Like so many other projects, it did not materialize, however.

Type
Research Article
Information
International Review of the Red Cross (1961 - 1997) , Volume 38 , Issue 322 , March 1998 , pp. 21 - 27
Copyright
Copyright © International Committee of the Red Cross 1998

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References

1 Boissier, Pierre, History of the International Committee of the Red Cross: From Solferino to Tsushima, Henry Dunant Institute/ICRC, Geneva, 1985, pp. 197–218 Google Scholar ; Moynier, Gustave, “Note sur la création d'une institution judiciaire internationale propre à prévenir et à réprimer les infractions à la Convention de Genève”, Bulletin international des Sociétés de secours aux militaires blessés, No. 11, April 1872, pp. 122–131 Google Scholar ; Moynier, Gustave, Etude sur la Convention de Genève pour l'amélioration du sort des militaires blessés dans les armées en campagne (1864 et 1868), Cherbuliez, Paris, 1870, pp. 299–311 Google Scholar .

2 See “The administration of justice and the human rights of detainees: Question of the impunity of perpetrators of human rights violations (civil and political)”, Final Report by Mr. Joinet, pursuant to Sub-Commission decision 1996/119, 26 June 1997, UN doc. E/CN.4/Sub.2/1997/20.

3 UN General Assembly resolution 52/160 of 15 December 1997.

4 Prosecutor v. Dusko Tadic, Case No. IT-94–1-AR-72. Decision on the defence motion for interlocutory appeal on jurisdiction (2 October 1995), p. 64, para. 119.

5 Articles 49/50/129/146 of the four Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949.

6 Berman, Paul, “The ICRC's Advisory Service on International Humanitarian Law: the challenge of national implementation”, International Review of the Red Cross, No. 312, May–June 1996, pp. 338–347 CrossRefGoogle Scholar .

7 See note 5 above.

8 Dutli, María-Teresa and Pellandini, Cristina, “The International Committee of the Red Cross and the implementation of a system to repress breaches of international humanitarian law”, IRRC, May–June 1994, No. 300, pp. 240–254 CrossRefGoogle Scholar .