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Charter of rights of the Indians according to the School of Salamanca

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  13 January 2010

Luciano Pereña Vicente
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Extract

The discovery of America, first seen as an encounter, soon degenerated into a clash between two worlds. It is said that the invasion of the Americas by Europeans started in 1492. The conquering Spaniards overran the recently discovered lands by force of arquebus and disease, their most effective allies being the bacteria and viruses they carried with them.

Type
500th Anniversary of the Discovery of the Americas
Information
International Review of the Red Cross (1961 - 1997) , Volume 32 , Special Issue 290: 1492 - 1992: 500th Anniversary of the Discovery of the Americas , October 1992 , pp. 467 - 487
Copyright
Copyright © International Committee of the Red Cross 1992

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Footnotes

*

This article has served as the basis for many symposia and seminars which I personally have conducted in European and American universities in 1992 as the School of Salamanca's contribution to the quincentenary of the discovery of America. In the midst of the polemics, between black and white legend, the message of Francisco de Vitoria has helped to shed light on a highly manipulated historical event which has stirred so much political passion. We are grateful for this opportunity to make public the message of Francisco de Vitoria, the founder of modern international law. Our introduction is followed by his basic text on the “Rights and obligations of Indians and Spaniards in the New World”. It was his finest contribution to the law of peace, one which paved the way for reconciliation between Spain and America. The paper closes with a list of references and a bibliography.

References

Sources and Bibliography

I. Lectures

In Primam Secundae de Legibus, curso 1534 (ms. Ottot. lat. 1000, Bibl. Apostólica Vaticana, edition prepared by V. Beltrán de Heredia: Comentario al tratado de la ley, Madrid 1952).Google Scholar
In Secundam Secundae de Fide, curso 1534-1535 (ms. 43. Bibl. Univ. Salamanca, edition prepared by V. Beltrán de Heredia, Madrid 1932).Google Scholar
Utrum infideles compellendi sint ad fidem (ed. V. Beltrán de Heredia 190–196; CHP 5, Madrid 1967, 118–126).Google Scholar
Utrum infideles possint habere praelationem seu dominium supra fideles (ed. V. Beltrán de Heredia 200–201; CHP 5, Madrid 1967, 132–134).Google Scholar
Utrum pueri indaeorum et aliorum infidelium sint, invitis parentibus, baptizandi (ed. V. Beltrán de Heredia 280–293).Google Scholar
In Secundam Secundae de Charitate, 1535 (ed. V. Beltrán de Heredia, Madrid 1932).Google Scholar
In Secundam Secundae de Iustitia, 1535–1536 (ed. V. Beltrán de Heredia, vol. 1, Madrid 1934):Google Scholar
In Secundam Secundae de Iustitia, 1535–1536 Quaestio 60 de iudicio «de indis noviter inventis» (ed. V. Beltrán de Heredia 50–53)Google Scholar
In Secundam Secundae de Iustitia, 1535–1536 Quaestio 62 de restitutione «de occupatione terrarum indorum» (ed. V. Beltrán de Heredia 63–82)Google Scholar
In Secundam Secundae de Iustitia, 1535–1536 Quaestio 64 de homicidio «de iure defensionis» (ed. V. Beltrán de Heredia 269–311)Google Scholar
In Secundam Secundae de Iustitia, 1535–1536 Quaestio 65 de aliis iniuriis quae in personam committuntur (ed. V. Beltrán de Heredia 50–53)Google Scholar

2. Lessons

Relectio de temperantia, 1537 (Bilingual critique prepared by L. Pereña and J. M. Pérez Prendes. CHP 5, Madrid 1967, 100–116).Google Scholar
Relectio de indis, 1538 (Bilingual critique prepared by L. Pereña and J. M. Pérez Prendes. CHP 5, Madrid 1967, 1–99).Google Scholar
Relectio de iure belli, 1537 (Bilingual critique prepared by L. Pereña, V. Abril, C. Baciero, A. García and F. Maseda. CHP 6, Madrid 1981, 95–241).Google Scholar

3. Expositions

Letter from Francisco de Vitoria to P. Arcos on trade with the Indies, 1534 (CHP 5, Madrid 1967, 137–139).Google Scholar
Opinion of theologians from the University of Salamanca on baptism of the Indians, 1541 (CHP 5, Madrid 1967, 157–164).Google Scholar
Confessionario útil y provechoso compuesto por Fray Francisco de Vitoria, prime chair of theology in Salamanca (Santiago 1562).Google Scholar

4. Texts (CHP)

Bartolomé de las Casas, De regia potestate o Derecho de autodeterminación (CHP 8, Madrid 1969).Google Scholar
Juan de la Peña, De bello contra insulanos. Testigos y fuentes (CHP 9, Madrid 1982).Google Scholar
José de Acosta, De procuranda indorum salute. Pacificación y colonizatión (CHP 23, Madrid 1984). Educación y evangelización (CHP 24, Madrid 1984).Google Scholar
Doctrina Christiana y Catecismo para instrucción de los indios. Facsimile of the trilingual text (CHP 26, Madrid 1985).Google Scholar
Tomás López Medel, Colonización en América (CHP 28, Madrid 1990).Google Scholar

5. Studies and essays

Francisco de Vitoria y la Escuela de Salamanca. Ética en la conquista de América (CHP 25, Madrid 1984).Google Scholar
Carla Magna de los indios (Cátedra V Centenario 1, Madrid 1987; CHP 27, Madrid 1988).Google Scholar
Inculturación de los indios (Cátedra V Centenario 2, Salamanca 1988).Google Scholar
La protectión del indio (Cátedra V Centenario 3, Salamanca 1989).Google Scholar
Proceso a la leyenda negra (Cátedra V Centenario 4, Salamanca 1989).Google Scholar
Descubrimiento y conquista ¿Genocidio? (Cátedra V Centenario 5, Salamanca 1990).Google Scholar
Pereña, Luciano, La Escuela de Salamanca. Proceso a la conquista de América (Salamanca, Caja de Ahorros de Salamanca, 1986).Google Scholar
Pereña, Luciano, La idea de justicia en la conquista de América (Madrid, Fundación Mapfre América, 1992).Google Scholar
Pereña, Luciano, Genocidios en América (Madrid, Fundación Mapfre América, 1992).Google Scholar