^{page 199 note 1} Miners' Advocate, June 21, 1873. The Northumberland organization grew out of Thomas Burt's foundation of the Northumberland Miners' Mutual Confident Association in June 1864, while the Durham union grew out of a bitter strike in 1869. By the early 1870s, both unions had become well established and had achieved many gains for their members.

^{page 199 note 2} For discussion of the miners' franchise movement see Richard Fynes, The Miners of Northumberland and Durham (Sunderland, 1923), pp. 269–77, and Welbourne, E., The Miners' Unions of Northumberland and Durham (Cambridge, 1923), pp. 197–98.Google Scholar

^{page 200 note 1} For a discussion of the pre-1832 politics of the borough and a revision of the Webbs' views on Morpeth, see Fewster, J. M., “The Webbs and the Borough of Morpeth”, in: English Historical Review, LXXXI (1966), pp. 236–55.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 201 note 1} Rayner, S. S., “Thomas Glassey – Queensland Labour Leader”, in: Journal of the Historical Society of Queensland, IV (1949), pp. 231–52.Google Scholar I am indebted to Professor Douglas Pike, Australian National University and editor of the Australian Dictionary of Biography for calling this and other biographical information on Glassey to my attention. Glassey remained in the Morpeth-Bedlington district, acting part of the time as the local Liberal Party agent, until 1884, when he emigrated to Australia. There he quickly became involved in the politics of Queensland, and he regarded his election to the Queensland parliament in 1888 as the first choice of a Labour candidate in Australia. He was a founder of the Labour Party in Australia, but disagreement with the pro-Boer leadership of the party led to his resignation in 1900. He lived until September 28, 1936, dying in Brisbane.

^{page 202 note 1} For comment on the Trotters, see Burt, Thomas, M.P., D.C.L., Pitman and Privy Councillor: An Autobiography (London, 1924), pp. 212.Google Scholar

^{page 202 note 2} For his work, see Robert Elliott, Poems and Recitations (Newcastle upon Tyne, 1877). A copy can be seen in the Local History Collection, Newcastle upon Tyne City Libraries.

^{page 202 note 3} Newcastle Daily Chronicle, June 4 and 5, 1872.

^{page 203 note 1} Ibid., August 8 and 10, 1872.

^{page 203 note 2} Ibid., July 5, 1872.

^{page 203 note 3} Burt, Autobiography, p. 210.

^{page 204 note 1} Burt reported that authorship of the poem was generally attributed to James Trotter, but that Robert Elliott had told him that Robert Trotter had actually written it (Autobiography, p. 211).

^{page 204 note 2} Adams, W. E., Memoirs of a Social Atom, reprint (New York, 1968), pp. 540–43.Google Scholar

^{page 204 note 3} Newcastle Daily Chronicle, October 1, 1872.

^{page 204 note 4} August 27, 1872.

^{page 204 note 5} Ibid., August 29 and 30, September 3, 1872.

^{page 205 note 1} Fynes, Richard, A Review of the Real and Sham Reformers Who Have Been Amongst the Miners for the Last Ten Years, 2nd ed. (Blyth, 1872).Google Scholar

^{page 205 note 2} Fynes, , The Miners of Northumberland and Durham, pp. 269–77.Google Scholar

^{page 205 note 3} Hanham, H. J., Elections and Party Management: Politics in the Time of Disraeli and Gladstone (London, 1959), pp. 399–404.Google Scholar

^{page 205 note 4} Newcastle Daily Chronicle, September 7, 1872; Morpeth Herald, September 14, 1872.

^{page 206 note 1} Newcastle Daily Chronicle, October 1, 1872.

^{page 206 note 2} Ibid., October 15, 16, 1872.

^{page 206 note 3} Ibid., September 29, 1873.

^{page 207 note 1} Upon hearing the decision, Glassey stormed out of the court room and threatened, until quieted, to create a disturbance on the spot (Adams, pp. 539–40).

^{page 207 note 2} Newcastle Daily Chronicle, December 13, 1872.

^{page 207 note 3} January 4, 1873.

^{page 207 note 4} Ibid., January 13, February 21, 1873.

^{page 208 note 1} Ibid., March 15, 1873.

^{page 208 note 2} Fynes, Miners' Unions, p. 277.

^{page 208 note 3} Miners' Advocate, March 14, 1873.

^{page 209 note 1} Ibid., May 3, 1873.

^{page 209 note 2} Ibid., May 10, 1873.

^{page 209 note 3} Newcastle Daily Chronicle, September 29, 1873.

^{page 209 note 4} Ibid., April 28, May 19, 1873.

^{page 209 note 5} Northumberland held its first gala in 1865, shortly after the formation of the Northumberland Miners' Mutual Confident Association, and Durham held its first gala only in 1872, at a time when the union was just gaining recognition both from the employers and the National Miners' Association.

^{page 210 note 1} Miners' Advocate, June 21, 1873.

^{page 210 note 2} Ibid.

^{page 210 note 3} Ibid., July 19, 1873.

^{page 211 note 1} Ibid., May 3, 1873.

^{page 211 note 2} Ibid., May 10 and June 21, 1873.

^{page 211 note 3} Newcastle Daily Chronicle, July 21, 1873.

^{page 211 note 4} Ibid., October 13, 1873.

^{page 212 note 1} Miners' Advocate, June 7 and July 26, 1873.

^{page 212 note 2} Ibid., June 21, 1873.

^{page 212 note 3} Ibid.

^{page 212 note 4} January 4, 1873.

^{page 213 note 1} Miners' Advocate, May 3, 1873.

^{page 213 note 2} Ibid., July 5, 1873.

^{page 213 note 3} Newcastle Daily Chronicle, October 13, 1873.

^{page 213 note 4} Miners' Advocate, May 10, 1873.

^{page 213 note 5} Ibid., July 12, 1873.

^{page 213 note 6} Hansard's, Parliamentary Debates, Third Series, CCXVII (1873), c. 810.Google Scholar

^{page 214 note 1} Ibid., cc. 841–42.

^{page 214 note 2} July 28, 1873.

^{page 214 note 3} July 24, 1873.

^{page 214 note 4} The Times (London), September 25, 1873.

^{page 214 note 5} Cole, G. D. H. and Filson, A. W., British Working Class Movements: Select Documents, 1789–1875 (New York, 1965), pp. 589–90.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 215 note 1} Newcastle Daily Chronicle, October 13, 1873.

^{page 216 note 1} Joseph Cowen Collection, Newcastle upon Tyne Central Library, B 156 and B 157. I am indebted to Professor John Osborn, Central State University, Edmond, Oklahoma, for information concerning Jones's work with the movement in autumn, 1873.

^{page 216 note 2} Morley, John, The Life of William Ewart Gladstone (London, 1903–1904), II, p. 481.Google Scholar

^{page 216 note 3} Newcastle Daily Chronicle, January 24, 1874.

^{page 217 note 1} Maehl, W. H., “Gladstone, the Liberals and the Election of 1874”, in: Bulletin of the Institute of Historical Research, XXXVI (1963), pp. 53–69.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

^{page 218 note 1} For an account of the Miners' Political Reform Association, see Memories of a Labour Leader: The Autobiography of Wilson, John, J.P., M.P. (London, 1910), pp. 238–57.Google Scholar

^{page 218 note 2} Seymour, Charles, Electoral Reform in England and Wales (New Haven, 1915), p. 460.Google Scholar